RU83085U1 - BUILDING OR STRUCTURE ON PERMANENTLY FROZEN SOILS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A building or structure on permafrost soils, containing a foundation with which the vertical columns of the spatial framework formed by horizontal load-bearing crossbars and columns, interfloor ceilings, as well as external multilayer walls and roofs, characterized in that the foundation is made in the form of a monolithic slab on carefully compacted dumping soil, which stands for the dimensions of the building and has insulation around the perimeter of the building to prevent thawing of the foundation soil in summer a structure reinforced with steel sheet reinforcement, which at the same time is a beacon for leveling the concrete surface and a template for placing reinforcing bars, while the reinforcing bars are located in one or two rows with or without prestressing, and the prestressed reinforcement can be made of steel ropes, or consisting of a system of cross steel beams mounted on reinforced concrete pillows and a reinforced beam space filled with concrete before the upper flange of the steel beam, or consisting of various combinations of the above schemes, which vary depending on the loads applied to the foundation from the building or structure, and the outer walls are made of vertical layers - the inner layer of small-sized building elements and the outer layers of the wall of insulation, wind a moisture-proof membrane and a finishing layer, or from a sandwich of panels, while the foundation monolithic slab and the lower floor form a space of a cold ventilated underground, limited along

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to buildings and structures on permafrost soils, and can be used in the construction of buildings and structures for general purposes in areas using permafrost soils as a foundation in the frozen state, preserved during the construction process and throughout the entire period operation of the facility

Currently, buildings on permafrost soils are mainly built on piles. A building is known, which is a supporting metal or reinforced concrete spatial frame, consisting of supporting columns and crossbars, as well as a system of vertical and horizontal connections. Frame elements, namely columns, are rigidly mated with elements of a high grillage, located on a pile base, along which an insulated ceiling is arranged in the form of a beam cage of steel beams and a heater laid between them, to create a ventilated underground. Preservation of the soil under the entire area of the building in the frozen state is carried out using an open ventilated underground ventilated in all directions, which prevents heat exchange between the building or structure and permafrost [1].

A disadvantage of the known design is the high cost and the complexity of the technological process of building a pile foundation of a building and its limited use due to uneven precipitation of single piles or separately located pile bushes when changing soil conditions, namely, when thawing soils, due to

global warming, or due to local emergency leaks in communications. In general, this leads to insufficient reliability of the entire structure of the building, which reduces its strength and durability.

A building or structure is known that contains a foundation with which the vertical columns of the spatial frame formed by horizontal load-bearing beams, connecting beams and floor floors of plates oriented according to a specific planning solution, external walls that are made of artificial building materials with a facade cladding layer are rigidly connected are parallel to the supporting frame and connected to it by ties, and the elements of the facade layer and the supporting frame are spaced in the corresponding planes speeds on the thickness of the insulating layer. Plates of each floor are combined into flat through disks for the entire length and width of the building. In the floor disks along the entire width of the building are placed transversely oriented, from monolithic reinforced concrete, connection beams with through-link reinforcement, and / or anchored at the ends in longitudinal beams or columns. External walls are made of three layers of vertical layers. The foundation is made as a foundation slab. The supporting frame, external walls and a layer of reinforced shotcrete are supported on a single foundation slab and rigidly connected to it [2].

The disadvantages of the known building include the impossibility of its use on permafrost soils due to the peculiarities of its construction, namely, due to the lack of structural features of the building to maintain the foundation soil in a frozen state, which leads to low reliability, strength and durability.

The utility model is based on the task of improving a building or structure on permafrost soils, in which due to a different design, including its foundation and underground, the technical characteristics of a building or structure on permafrost soils are improved, the foundation is more rigid and reliable, and

soil base under it, simplifying the design and reducing the material consumption of the building by reducing the number of materials used, as well as increasing its durability in general, which ultimately leads to high stability of the building in winter and summer periods, including the provision of unchanged working conditions foundation, improving safety during the operation of the building, increasing its service life, significantly reducing its cost, reducing the time of construction of a building or structure, improving technical ecological compatibility and reduction of labor intensity during construction, expansion of the range of use in areas with permafrost soils.

The task is achieved by the fact that in a building or structure on permafrost soils containing a foundation, with which vertical columns of the spatial frame formed by horizontal load-bearing crossbars and columns, interfloor ceilings, as well as external multilayer walls and roofs are rigidly connected, according to the utility model, the foundation is made in the form of a monolithic slab on carefully compacted soil of the dump, which stands for the dimensions of the building and has insulation around the perimeter of the building to prevent thawing of gr nta base in the summer, and is a structure reinforced with steel sheet reinforcement, which at the same time is a beacon for leveling the concrete surface and a template for placing reinforcing bars, while the reinforcing bars are located in one or two rows, with or without prestressing him, and prestressed reinforcement can be made of steel ropes, or consisting of a system of cross steel beams mounted on reinforced concrete pillows and reinforced inter-beam space filled with concrete to the level of the upper shelf of the steel beam, or consisting of various combinations of the above schemes, which vary depending on the loads applied to the foundation from the building or structure, and the external

the walls are made of vertical layers - the inner layer of small-sized building elements and the outer layers of the wall are made of insulation, a wind-moisture-proof membrane and a finishing layer, or of SANDWICH panels, while the monolithic foundation slab and the lower floor form a space of a cold ventilated underground, limited along the perimeter buildings or structures with external walls, which is made with forced ventilation to keep the foundation soil in a frozen state, and its walls are provided with They are insulated with a heater located on the inside of the underground, moreover, the underground is equipped with air intake channels located along the perimeter of the building at a predetermined height from the earth's surface, excluding them being covered with snow, the height of which depends on the thickness of the snow cover for the construction site.

In addition, in some cases, the implementation of the claimed utility model, a building or structure may have the following symptoms: - in the absence of wind to maintain the circulation of cold air, a gas burner is installed underground in the base of the exhaust duct; - forced ventilation of the underground in the winter is carried out using a deflector mounted on an exhaust duct; - forced ventilation of the underground during the summer period was carried out with the help of a refrigeration unit installed on the underground ventilation system with air intake and exhaust ducts of the underground ventilation system closed for the summer period intended for the winter period.

As a result of using the claimed utility model, a technical result is obtained consisting in improving the technical characteristics of the structure of a building or structure on permafrost soils, increasing the rigidity and reliability of the foundation and soil base under it, simplifying the design and reducing

the material consumption of the building by reducing the amount of materials used, as well as increasing its durability.

From the foregoing, it follows that the claimed utility model has a number of novelty elements and significantly exceeds the known design in terms of characteristics.

In the proposed building or construction, the use of a monolithic slab as a foundation contributes to the exclusion from the design of many previously used building materials, such as piles and grillages, which simplifies the design and reduces the material consumption and laboriousness of manufacturing as a whole. The use of the foundation in the form of a monolithic foundation slab, made according to the scheme with sheet reinforcement, or made in the form of a system of cross steel beams, monolithic with concrete, makes it possible to exclude earthwork from the technological process, which reduces construction time, reduces cost and increases reliability. Unlike traditional slabs installed with grips and cut with technological seams, the two-way operation of the plate is carried out by a cross system of steel beams or sheet reinforcement. This reduces the number of building materials used. And the absence of detachable formwork and lighthouses for leveling the concrete surface during the work reduces the complexity of the work, simplifies the technology and shortens the construction time, which in general leads to a significant reduction in cost. The use of a ventilated cold underground, with forced ventilation in the winter, for example, using a deflector, allows you to provide higher accumulation and low-temperature indicators of the soil under the building. In General, the distinguishing features of the claimed utility model are essential and necessary to achieve a new technical result.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 is a schematic frontal view of a general view of a building structure in section with a ventilation scheme of a ventilated underground in winter; figure 2 is a schematic frontal view of a General view of the construction of a building for construction on permafrost soils in the context of the ventilation scheme of the ventilated underground in the summer; figure 3 is a schematic frontal view of a General view of the structure of the building in the context for the construction on permafrost soils with a scheme for the use of aired underground in the summer; figure 4 presents a diagram of the implementation of a monolithic plate, consisting of a system of cross steel beams; and figure 5 is a diagram of a monolithic slab reinforced with steel sheet reinforcement.

On the presented drawings are indicated: 1 - foundation in the form of a monolithic foundation slab; 2 - concrete preparation; 3 - waterproofing; 4 - insulation; 5 - air intake channel; 6 - exhaust duct; 7 - a deflector; 8 - vertical columns of the frame of a building or structure; 9 - crossbars; 10 - overlap; 11 - external walls; 12 refrigeration unit; 13 - cold ventilated underground; 14 - gas burner; 15 - foundation for equipment; 16 - ventilation ducts; 17 - base soil; 18 - a system of cross steel beams; 19 - reinforced concrete pillows; 20 - reinforcing mesh; 21 - steel sheet reinforcement; 22 - rod reinforcement made, for example, of steel ropes.

The proposed construction of a building or structure includes a foundation made in the form of a monolithic foundation slab 1 on a carefully compacted filling bed, which stands for the dimensions of the building and has 4 insulation around the perimeter of the building to prevent thawing of the base soil in the summer. Base plate 1, depending on the design and technological features

structures, soil conditions, local construction experience and economic feasibility can be constructed in different ways and can be a structure: either reinforced with steel sheet reinforcement 21, which at the same time is a beacon for leveling the concrete surface and a template for placing bar reinforcement, while the reinforcement 22 is located in one or two rows, with or without prestressing, and the prestressed reinforcement can be made of steel ropes; or consisting of a system of cross steel beams 18 mounted on reinforced concrete pillows 19 and reinforced beam reinforcement mesh 20 of inter-beam space filled with concrete to the level of the upper shelf of a steel beam; or consisting of various combinations of the above schemes, which vary depending on the loads applied to the foundation from the building or structure. This allows the construction of buildings also on problematic soils, for example, subsidence and heaving, in part-time areas. Columns 8 of a spatial framework, formed by horizontal bearing steel crossbars 9 of a composite section, or reinforced concrete crossbars, connecting crossbars and interfloor ceilings 10, oriented according to a specific planning solution, are rigidly connected to the foundation in the form of a foundation monolithic slab 1. At the same time, the building frame elements can be either metal or reinforced concrete or can be performed according to combined schemes. The base monolithic slab 1 and the lower ceiling 10 form the space of the cold ventilated underground 13, limited along the perimeter of the building or structure by the outer walls 11. The outer walls 11 of the building are multilayered, from the vertical layers - the inner layer of small-sized building elements and the outer layers of the wall from insulation 4, a wind-moisture-proof membrane to protect the insulation 4 from wind and moisture in the form of a polymer film, for example, the Isospan-A membrane of the GEXA group of companies, and a finishing layer with

forced ventilation of the insulation with a deflector; either from the famous SANDWICH panels. Heater 4 is located in the cold ventilated underground 13 on the inside and on the monolithic plate 1 to more effectively maintain the required temperatures in the space protected by the heater. Cold ventilated underground 13 of the building is made with forced ventilation, which allows you to save the frozen state of the soil at the base of the building even in the summer and prevents heat transfer between the building or structure and permafrost. The walls of the underground 13 around the entire perimeter of the building can be equipped with insulation 4 located on the inside of the underground. At the same time, the underground 13 is equipped with air intake channels 5 located along the perimeter of the building at a predetermined height “a” from the surface of the earth, excluding them being covered with snow, the height of which depends on the thickness of the snow cover for the construction site. The air intake channels 5 pass through the wall of the underground 13 and provide a uniform flow of air into the underground along the entire perimeter of the building. In the building or structure, in the absence of wind, to maintain the circulation of cold air, a gas burner 14 can be installed in the underground 13, at the base of the exhaust duct 6. Forced ventilation of the underground 13 can be performed differently: in winter, it can be carried out with using a deflector 7, for example, the known TsAGI deflector installed on the exhaust duct 6, and in summer, if necessary, can be carried out using a refrigeration unit 12 installed on the underground ventilation system when closed x at summer 5 air intake and exhaust channels 6 underground ventilation system intended for the winter period, which contributes to the conservation of frozen state foundation soils. If necessary, the device in the building or construction of massive, separate special foundations 15, installed under heavy equipment with vibration loads, provides insulation

the upper part of the foundation 15 and the installation of ventilation channels 16 in the lower part of the foundation, designed to more efficiently transmit negative temperature to the soil under the sole of the foundation 15.

The construction of a building or structure in accordance with the claimed design is as follows. When constructing the proposed construction of a building or structure on permafrost soils subject to a sufficiently cold winter and sufficient accumulation of cold in the soil base, it is proposed to apply according to SNiP 2.02.04-88 “Foundations and foundations on permafrost soils” one of the following principles of using permafrost soils as the foundation of structures : principle I - permafrost soils of the base are used in the frozen state, preserved during the construction process and during the entire period of operation of the structure. Thus, permafrost soil according to the first principle is used as the foundation of the proposed building or structure, erected in permafrost areas, i.e. with the maintenance of soils in the frozen state during the construction of the building and during the entire period of operation.

A brief description of the method of construction of a monolithic foundation slab. At the construction site, the fertile layer is cut off and sandy soil is filled with layer-by-layer compaction to a height of about 2.5 meters. Backfill works are carried out only in the winter. Concrete preparation 2 is performed on carefully compacted bulk soil to create a flat surface. Then the monolithic slab is installed: on concrete preparation, waterproofing 3 is performed to prevent the penetration of groundwater into the underground structure, the beams (sheet reinforcement) and intermediate reinforcement are laid out in accordance with the project (any constructive embodiment of the monolithic slab according to the utility model formula). After installing the reinforcement in the design position, concreting the monolithic slab is made 1. Production

it is desirable to carry out works on the installation of a monolithic foundation slab 1 in the summer, and during the production of work in the winter, it is necessary to provide heating of the concrete in order to ensure its strength. After building design strength with concrete, it is possible to begin installation of vertical columns 8, to which the crossbars 9 are rigidly connected, after which the crossbars 10 are arranged along the crossbars 9 and the external walls 11 are finally constructed. The base plate 1, made on carefully compacted filling ground, takes up the load from the overlying structures of a building or structure and evenly distributes it, thereby excluding the occurrence of uneven precipitation, over the entire area of the soil base in a frozen state round Annual due to forced ventilation ventilated underground in the winter and summer periods, if necessary.

When operating the proposed building or structure on permafrost soils, the temperature of the underground 13, designed to freeze the soil of the base and accumulate cold in the winter, is controlled by forced ventilation of the underground 13 using a deflector 7, for example, the TsAGI deflector (series 1.494- 32) installed on the exhaust duct 6. In this case, the cold outside air in the underground 13 enters through the intake ducts 5 located along the perimeter of the building at a predetermined height “a” from above spans of the earth, where the height "a" depends on the thickness of the snow cover for the construction site, in the absence of wind to maintain the circulation of cold air in the underground 13, a gas burner 14 is ignited in the base of the exhaust duct 6. When the outdoor temperature rises above the temperature of the base accumulated by the soil, ventilation channels 5 are closed by automation, and forced ventilation of the underground 13 is turned on (Fig. 1).

In the summer, the ventilated underground 13 is also intended for maintaining the base soil in a frozen state, for which:

a) for buildings and structures with a normal and increased level of responsibility, the underground 13 is forcedly ventilated already with the help of a refrigeration unit 12, which is switched on automatically if the temperature of the base soil rises to the calculated temperature, with air intake channels 5 and exhaust channels 6 closed for the summer period ventilation systems of the underground 13, intended for the winter period (figure 2);

b) for buildings and structures with a reduced level of responsibility in the summer period of time, the foundation soils are kept frozen due to permafrost, which was accumulated in the soil during the winter period with closed air intake ducts 5 and exhaust ducts 6 of the underground 13 ventilation system intended for the winter period (figure 3).

The claimed utility model, when used, allows, in comparison with known structures, to significantly improve the technical characteristics of a building or structure, its reliability and durability in permafrost regions, where soils are used as the basis for a building or structure according to the first principle, i.e. with the maintenance of soils in the frozen state during the construction of the building and during the entire period of operation. At the same time, a significant reduction in the cost of the building is achieved due to the reduction of earthworks and the use of a simpler and cheaper foundation, with an increase in the pace of construction of the zero cycle of the building or structure in comparison with the use of traditional structures and their erection technologies in the construction field at present.

The proposed utility model is socially significant and can find application in the construction of cheaper and more reliable residential and industrial buildings and structures in permafrost regions with

the prevalence of difficult soil conditions, where soils are used as a foundation for a building or structure according to the first principle. Information sources.

1. SNiP 2.02.04-88 "Foundations and foundations on permafrost soils", Moscow 1990.

2. UA patent No. 18055 U dated 05.16.2006, IPC (2006): Е04В 1/16, Е04В 1/18, publ. 10.16.2006 (prototype).

Claims (4)

1. A building or structure on permafrost soils, containing a foundation with which the vertical columns of the spatial framework formed by horizontal load-bearing crossbars and columns, interfloor ceilings, as well as external multilayer walls and roofs, characterized in that the foundation is made in the form of a monolithic slab on carefully compacted dumping soil, which stands for the dimensions of the building and has insulation around the perimeter of the building to prevent thawing of the foundation soil in summer a structure reinforced with steel sheet reinforcement, which at the same time is a beacon for leveling the concrete surface and a template for placing reinforcing bars, while the reinforcing bars are located in one or two rows with or without prestressing, and the prestressed reinforcement can be made of steel ropes, or consisting of a system of cross steel beams mounted on reinforced concrete pillows and a reinforced beam space filled with concrete before the upper flange of the steel beam, or consisting of various combinations of the above schemes, which vary depending on the loads applied to the foundation from the building or structure, and the outer walls are made of vertical layers - the inner layer of small-sized building elements and the outer layers of the wall of insulation, wind and a moisture-proof membrane and a finishing layer, or from a sandwich of panels, while the foundation monolithic slab and the lower floor form a space of a cold ventilated underground, limited along the labor of the building or structure with external walls, which is made with forced ventilation to keep the foundation soil in a frozen state, and its walls along the entire perimeter of the building are equipped with a heater located on the inside of the underground, and the underground is equipped with air intake channels located along the perimeter of the building at a given height from the surface of the earth, excluding their snow, the height of which depends on the thickness of the snow cover for the construction site. 2. The building or structure on permafrost soils according to claim 1, characterized in that in the absence of wind to maintain the circulation of cold air, a gas burner is installed underground in the base of the exhaust duct. 3. The building or structure on permafrost soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the forced ventilation of the underground in the winter is carried out using a deflector mounted on an exhaust duct. 4. The building or structure on permafrost soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the forced ventilation of the underground in the summer is carried out using a refrigeration unit installed on the underground ventilation system with the air intake and exhaust ducts of the underground ventilation system closed for the summer period intended for winter period.