RU2829558C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in rotary piston internal combustion engines. Internal combustion engine comprises housing (1) with rotary cylinder block (2) installed in it, in which cylinders (3) are made to accommodate pistons (4). In housing (1) there is internal cylindrical surface (6), which is tightly closed at the ends, elliptical protrusion with cutout (7), chamber (8) of a combustible mixture intake and chamber (9) of an exhaust gas outlet. Ignition plug (10) is installed in housing (1). Cylinder block (2) has outer cylindrical surface (11). In the head of each cylinder (3) there is hole (12) for passage of gases and hole (13) in the bottom of the cylinder for passage of rod (14) of the piston. Roller (15) is fixed on piston rod (14) with possibility of movement in cutout (7) of elliptical projection of housing (1) and slider (16) with possibility of its movement along parallel (17) made on block (2) of cylinders.

EFFECT: increasing engine reliability and simplifying its design.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, to the design of rotary piston internal combustion engines, and can be used as power plants both for motor vehicles and for various machines and mechanisms.

A rotary piston engine is known (RU patent for utility model No. 111198, published on 10.12.2011, bulletin No. 34, author Pirogov S.V.), comprising a fixed housing, a rotor in which injection and working cylinders with pistons are rigidly fixed, a injection chamber located inside the rotor, a mechanism for converting the movement of the pistons, made in the form of rods pivotally connected to the pistons of the cylinders and installed with the possibility of rotation, while the rods of the working cylinders are made in an arcuate shape, the axes of the working cylinders are shifted in opposite directions from the axis of rotation of the rotor, as well as gas distribution, ignition and cooling systems. The housing is made cylindrical and is equipped with transverse inlet and outlet channels located opposite the injection and working cylinders at the moment of air intake and exhaust gas release, respectively; the inner surface of the housing is equipped with an eccentric bore located in the area of the inlet channel.

The disadvantages of the known engine are the complexity of the design and, as a consequence, low reliability.

An internal combustion engine is known (RU patent for invention No. 2309272, published on 27.10.2007, bulletin No. 30, author Yu.K. Malashenkov), adopted as a prototype, comprising a housing with a rotating cylinder block installed in it, in which cylindrical chambers are made for accommodating pistons in them, and a gear crank-connecting rod power mechanism, in addition, floating cylinders, a power mechanism for driving the cylinders and support bearings of the floating cylinders are additionally introduced, each floating cylinder consists of a sleeve and an asymmetric head and is installed with the possibility of its reciprocating movement in the corresponding cylindrical chamber of the cylinder block, and in each asymmetric head a valve mechanism and a spark plug are placed, triggered by a current distributor installed in the opening of the housing, while the axis of each floating cylinder forms with the axis of the connecting rod, coinciding with the axis the knees of the gear crank-connecting rod power mechanism, the installation angle α, and the point of their intersection, the center of the piston pin, is located on a straight line passing through the center of the cylinder block at an angle γ relative to its vertical axis, the cylinder drive power mechanism is made of power rods pivotally fixed with asymmetric heads, support beams, cages and rolling bearings that are installed in the housing, while their centers coincide with the center of the housing, the support bearings of the floating cylinders are installed in the cylinder block and contact the cylindrical surfaces of their liners, in addition, the cylinder block is installed in the housing with a gap and with an offset of its center relative to the center of the housing along a straight line passing through the center of the housing perpendicular to the straight line passing through the center of the hinged fastening of the asymmetric head and the center of the housing, while it is oriented parallel to, or at an angle β relative to the axis of the floating cylinder, and the gear crank-connecting rod power mechanism is made with a gear ratio fixed and moving gears, equal to two.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the complexity of the design and, as a result, low reliability.

The following set of prototype features coincides with the essential features of the invention: a housing with a rotating cylinder block installed in it.

The invention is aimed at increasing the reliability of the internal combustion engine while simplifying its design.

This is achieved by the fact that the internal combustion engine contains a housing with a rotating cylinder block installed in it, in which cylinders are made for placing pistons in them. In the proposed solution, an internal cylindrical surface, hermetically sealed from the ends, an elliptical protrusion with a cutout, a combustible mixture intake chamber, an exhaust gas outlet chamber, and a spark plug are made in the housing. An external cylindrical surface is made in the cylinder block. In the head of each cylinder, an opening is made for the passage of gases and an opening in the bottom of the cylinder for the passage of the piston rod, on which a roller is fixed with the ability to move in the cutout of the elliptical protrusion of the housing, and a slider with the ability to move it along a parallel made on the cylinder block.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of an internal combustion engine, and Fig. 2 shows view A-A in Fig. 1.

The internal combustion engine includes a housing 1 with a rotating cylinder block 2 mounted in it on bearings, which contains cylinders 3 with pistons 4 placed in them to form combustion chambers 5. The inner surface 6 of the housing 1 in the longitudinal direction is made cylindrical and hermetically sealed at the ends. In the housing 1 along the axis of rotation of the cylinder block 2, an elliptical protrusion with a cutout 7 is made. In the housing 1, an inner cylindrical surface 6 is made, hermetically sealed at the ends, in which a chamber 8 for inlet of the combustible mixture and a chamber 9 for outlet of exhaust gases are made, between which a spark plug 10 is installed. In the cylinder block 2, an outer cylindrical surface 11 is made, forming the inner wall of the chamber 8 for inlet of the combustible mixture and the inner wall of the chamber 9 for outlet of exhaust gases. In the head of each cylinder 3 there is an opening 12 for the passage of gases related to the gas distribution system, and an opening 13 in the bottom of the cylinder 3 for the passage of the rod 14 of the piston 4. On the rod 14 there is a roller 15, with the possibility of moving in the cutout 7 of the elliptical protrusion of the body 1, and a slider 16 with the possibility of its movement along a parallel 17, made on the block 2 of cylinders.

Since the rod 14 of the piston 4 is rigidly connected to the slider 16 and rests on the wall of the opening 13 in the bottom of the cylinder 3 for the passage of the rod 14 of the piston 4, it turns out that the piston 4 has, as it were, two movable supports on the cylinder block 2. Thus, the piston 4 is unloaded from the transverse force, since its action is transferred to the slider 16 and the bottom of the cylinder 3, ensuring the rotation of the cylinder block 2 inside the housing 1, producing mechanical work, As a result of which the pressure of the piston 4 on the inner walls of the cylinder 3 disappears and, as a consequence, the friction between the piston 4 and the cylinder 3 and their wear are reduced and, as a result, the reliability of the internal combustion engine is increased with an obvious simplification of its design. The variable internal volume in the cylinder 3 is formed by the roller 15 mounted on the rod 14 of the piston 4, when moving in the cutout 7 of the elliptical protrusion made on the body 1. The rod 14 of the piston 4 is rigidly connected to the slider 16, which rests on the parallel 17 of the cylinder block 2, and on the wall of the opening 13 in the bottom of the cylinder 3 for the passage of the rod 14 of the piston 4. It turns out that the piston 4 has two movable supports on the cylinder block 2. Thus, the piston 4 is unloaded from the transverse forces, their action is transferred to the slider 16 and the bottom of the cylinder 3, as a result of which the pressure of the piston 4 on the inner walls of the cylinder 3 disappears and, as a consequence, the friction between the piston 4 and the cylinder 3 and their wear are reduced. During the working stroke, piston 4, moving down cylinder 3, with rod 14 with roller 15 rolls along cutout 7 of elliptical protrusion of housing 1 by 90° from the major semi-axis of the elliptical protrusion to the minor semi-axis of the elliptical protrusion, while rod 14 of piston 4, acting on the wall of opening 13 in the bottom of cylinder 3 and, through slider 16, on parallel 17 of cylinder block 2, turns cylinder block 2 by 90° inside housing 1, producing mechanical work.

Let us consider the operation of the proposed internal combustion engine.

Starting position:

Block 2 of cylinders has the moment of the momentum from the previous working stroke and rotates clockwise. The opening 12 of cylinder 3 is located at the beginning of the chamber 8 of the combustible mixture intake.

Engine operation:

Intake stroke. Cylinder block 2 with its outer cylindrical surface 11 forms the inner wall of the combustible mixture intake chamber 8 and rotates from 0° to 90°. Roller 15, rolling along the cutout 7 of the elliptical projection of housing 1, lowers rod 14 of piston 4 in cylinder 3, sucking combustible mixture from chamber 8 into combustion chamber 5. Rotating by 90°, cylinder block 2 completely fills combustion chamber 5 of cylinder 3 with combustible mixture, and inner cylindrical surface 6 of housing 1 closes opening 12 of cylinder 3.

Compression stroke. Cylinder block 2, rotating from 90° to 180°. Roller 15, rolling along cutout 7 of elliptical protrusion of housing 1, lifts rod 14 of piston 4 in cylinder 3 and compresses combustible mixture in combustion chamber 5. Rotating by 180°, cylinder block 2 brings opening 12 of cylinder 3 to spark plug 10.

Power stroke. Cylinder block 2 rotates from 180° to 270°. Voltage is applied to spark plug 10. Compressed combustible mixture ignites in combustion chamber 5. Piston 4, moving down cylinder 3, with rod 14 with roller 15 rolls along cutout 7 of elliptical protrusion of housing 1, setting cylinder block 2 in rotational motion inside housing 1, while rod 14 of piston 4, acting on wall of opening 13 in bottom of cylinder 3 and, through slider 16, on parallel 17 of cylinder block 2, rotates cylinder block 2 inside housing 1, producing mechanical work.

By rotating 270°, cylinder block 2 brings opening 12 of cylinder 3 to the beginning of exhaust gas outlet chamber 9.

Exhaust stroke. Cylinder block 2 with its outer cylindrical surface 11 forms the inner wall of exhaust gas outlet chamber 9 and rotates from 270° to 360°. Roller 15, rolling along curvilinear cutout 7 of body 1, lifts rod 14 of piston 4 in cylinder 3 and pushes exhaust gases out of combustion chamber 5 into exhaust gas outlet chamber 9. Rotating by 360°, cylinder block 2 brings opening 12 of cylinder 3 to the beginning of combustible mixture intake chamber 8.

Then the cycle of this cylinder is repeated.

The other three cylinders operate in a similar manner, with a 90° shift.

Four working strokes are completed during one revolution of the cylinder block.

The function of gas distribution during rotation is performed by the block 2 of cylinders, supplying the opening 12 for the passage of gases in the cylinder head, sequentially, to the inlet chamber 8 of the combustible mixture, the place of installation of the spark plug 10 and the chamber 9 of the exhaust gas outlet, made in the housing 1, which simplifies the design and increases the reliability of the engine.

The variable internal volume in each cylinder 3 is formed by the roller 15 mounted on the rod 14 of the piston 4, when moving in the cutout 7 of the elliptical protrusion made on the housing 1. The piston rod 4, moving downwards inside the cylinder, rolls along the cutout 7 with the rod 14 with the roller 15, bringing the cylinder block 2 into rotational motion inside the housing, producing mechanical work. Since the rod 14 of the piston 4 is rigidly connected to the slider 16 and rests on the wall of the opening 13 in the bottom of the cylinder 3 for the passage of the rod 14 of the piston 4, it turns out that the piston 4 has, as it were, two movable supports on the cylinder block 2. Thus, piston 4 is unloaded from the transverse force, since its action is transferred to the slider 16 and the bottom of the cylinder 3, ensuring the rotation of the cylinder block 2 inside the housing 1, producing mechanical work. As a result, the pressure of piston 4 on the inner walls of cylinder 3 disappears and, as a consequence, the friction between the piston and the cylinder and their wear are reduced and, as a result, the reliability of the internal combustion engine is increased with an obvious simplification of its design.

The proposed invention makes it possible to increase the reliability of an internal combustion engine and simplify its design.

Claims (1)

An internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a rotating cylinder block installed therein, in which cylinders are made for accommodating pistons therein, characterized in that an internal cylindrical surface, hermetically sealed at the ends, an elliptical protrusion with a cutout, a combustible mixture intake chamber, an exhaust gas outlet chamber are made in the housing, and a spark plug is installed, and an external cylindrical surface is made in the cylinder block, an opening is made in the head of each cylinder for the passage of gases and an opening in the bottom of the cylinder for the passage of a piston rod, on which a roller is fixed with the possibility of moving in the cutout of the elliptical protrusion of the housing and a slider with the possibility of its movement along a parallel made on the cylinder block.