RU2828715C1 - Angular joints of frames of wall panels (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of construction, in particular to structures of angular joints of frames of wall panels based on metal thermal profiles for prefabricated buildings, as well as for repair of destroyed wall elements of residential buildings and other structures. Angular connection of wall panel frames includes rectangular frames from interconnected construction elements in the form of U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including staggered thermal holes, and side shelves. One part of U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles of building elements is made with convex longitudinal walls with formation in the section of an isosceles trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base outward, on which there are thermal holes made in the form of cutouts with flanges directed inside the profile. Other part of metal profiles is made with concave longitudinal walls with formation in the section of an isosceles trapezoidal slot with a smaller base inward, on which there are thermal holes made in the form of cutouts with flanges directed outside the profile. Building elements with convex longitudinal walls of metal profiles, forming in cross-section trapezoidal tenons with smaller bases directed outward, and construction elements with concave longitudinal walls of metal profiles, forming in cross-section trapezoidal slots with smaller bases directed inwards, are located in frame opposite to each other or in pairs in series one after another, and connection of metal profiles to each other is made by means of contact of end sections of their side shelves. In the first version of the angular connection, adjacent construction elements of rectangular frames are metal profiles with concave longitudinal walls forming isosceles trapezoidal slots in cross section. These profiles are connected to the angular post made in the form of a box of four interconnected plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal profiles. In the second version of the angular connection, adjacent construction elements of rectangular frames are metal profiles with concave longitudinal walls forming isosceles trapezoidal slots in cross section. End part of one frame is located on the side of the side surface of the other frame and is connected to it by means of a building element with a convex longitudinal wall forming an isosceles trapezoidal tenon in its cross section.

EFFECT: providing strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability of angular joints.

6 cl, 22 dwg, 6 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of construction, in particular to the structures of metal thermal profiles used as load-bearing elements of various frames of wall panels of quickly erected buildings, as well as in the operational and major repairs of destroyed wall elements of residential buildings and other structures where it is necessary to control the removal of heat from the inside of the premises to the outside, i.e. to eliminate or reduce the effect of "cold bridges".

A thermal profile is known, intended for use as frame supports for windows and doors in openings of concrete elements [Description of the utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 17557 of 08.08.2000, IPC E06B 1/14, published. 10.04.2001, Bulletin No. 10]. The thermal profile consists of a steel sheet bent to obtain a structure with a U-shaped cross-section, wherein its frame part is provided with thermal holes, and the edges of the shelves of the U-shaped structure are bent outward as fastening (anchor) protrusions - solid or comb-shaped.

These thermal profiles are not used as independent construction elements. They are pre-installed in the openings of concrete elements during their molding, i.e. they are walled up in concrete, and act as base surfaces for reliable fastening of future window and door frames to them.

A lightweight C-shaped mesh relief thermal profile is known, consisting of a sufficiently wide wall, two shelves and bends directed inward of the profile, with through slots in the wall, located in a checkerboard pattern, and on the axis of symmetry of the wall there is a longitudinal stiffening rib directed inward of the profile and slots, located symmetrically in four rows on both sides of the rib, forming a mesh structure after transverse drawing of the wall, in which on the two inner rows the cells have the shape of an elongated hexagon, and in the two outer rows the cells have the shape of an isosceles trapezoid equal to half of the hexagon, and on both sides of the mesh structure a relief is applied, passing onto the side shelves and bends [Description of the utility model to the Russian Federation patent No. 59661 dated 25.04.2006, IPC E04C 3/07, published. 27.12.2006, Bull. [No. 36].

The disadvantage of these thermal profiles is their low structural strength due to the extension of two longitudinal rows of perforated wall elements, which limits the scope of their application as load-bearing elements of loaded building structures, such as wall panel frames, where the stability of the profile shape along its entire length and spatial rigidity are required, which is not provided by conventionally flat - due to the wide wall and low shelves - cross-sections of profiles that are unable to withstand bending loads. In addition, it is difficult to ensure a reliable connection between different structures made of these thermal profiles, especially when fastening them along the length.

A construction element in the form of a C-shaped profile with a perforated wall having corrugations and shelves is known, wherein the wall perforation is made in the form of through cuts with bends located between the wall corrugations, and the shelves are made with different widths by an amount not less than the thickness of the profile sheet with the possibility of forming a closed-section construction structure of the type of supports or racks [Description of the utility model to the Russian Federation patent No. 45751 of 07.12.2004, IPC E04C 3/07, published. 27.05.2005, Bulletin No. 15]. As a result, increased load-bearing capacity and rigidity of the construction element are ensured.

The declared properties of the building element are provided exclusively as part of closed-section structures - peculiar boxes elongated in cross-section (excessively wide wall). When using these elements in the form of independent C-shaped profiles, they lose their spatial rigidity, and, consequently, their load-bearing capacity. The creation of modular structures from such profiles will inevitably be associated with difficulties in their spatial positioning and reliable connection to each other.

There are known mesh thermal profiles of C- or U-shaped cross-section, used as load-bearing elements of frames of quickly erected buildings, roofs, facades and balcony walls, where it is necessary to exclude the influence of "cold bridges", having a cross-section that contains a wall with rows of longitudinal perforated slots obtained by vertical drawing of metal, equal in length and located in a checkerboard pattern with an offset of half a step symmetrically to the profiling axis, and two side shelves [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2342504 dated 28.05.2007, IPC E04C 3/07, published. 27.12.2008, Bulletin No. 36]. The production of mesh profiles is accompanied by savings in the metal used for their manufacture.

The disadvantage of these thermal profiles is their low structural strength due to the wall metal being drawn out in the slot area until longitudinal holes are obtained from them, arranged in a checkerboard pattern. This limits the scope of their application as load-bearing elements of building structures, for example, wall panel frames of prefabricated buildings, only to light, low-rise and low-load structures. In addition, the frames of such structures are large-sized blanks of solid building walls, roofs, facades and balcony walls. The design does not provide for each volumetric panel to be assembled from several typical compact fragments that are securely connected to each other during the installation of the structures.

A multilayer construction panel is known, comprising an internal frame made in the form of a collapsible frame made of galvanized perforated thermal profiles, lower and upper guides of a U-shaped profile with edge bends made in one direction, vertical ribs of a C-shaped profile are installed between them, located in a row at equal distances from each other in the longitudinal direction of the guides and rigidly connected to them by means of fasteners, and the perforation of the thermal profiles is made in the form of elongated holes located in the longitudinal direction of the profiles, wherein the holes in different sections of the profiles along their width are arranged in a mutually alternating manner [Description of Utility Model for Russian Federation Patent No. 55393 dated 13.04.2006, IPC E04C 2/26, published 10.08.2006, Bulletin No. 22]. Double gypsum fiber sheets are used as the material for the internal panel lining, fiber cement boards or other finishing material are used as the external lining, mineral wool insulation boards or cellulose insulation wool are used as the non-structural insulation material, and galvanized self-tapping screws are used as fasteners for thermal profiles. The construction panel has improved thermal properties, reduced labor intensity of assembly, increased environmental safety and fire resistance.

The disadvantage of the known thermal profiles is the obvious "flatness" of their cross-sections (an excessively wide wall combined with short bends-sides) and, as a consequence, low spatial rigidity of the frames made from them. Excessive deformations of the thermal profiles in the frames are eliminated by densely filling them with mineral wool slabs and covering them on both sides with fiber cement slabs. However, such a technique makes it difficult to reliably connect the panels to each other as part of wall enclosures. In addition, the strength of the panels depends entirely on the strength and rigidity of their internal metal frames, and this reduces the operational reliability of the panels. Thus, the use of known thermal profiles and building panels based on them is limited to low-load and mainly non-critical structures.

A self-supporting panel is known, including two massive load-bearing layers, which are sheathing and are made of fiberboard, and an insulating layer attached to them, wherein the insulating layer and the load-bearing layers of the sheathing are arranged in such a way that they form a tongue-and-groove connection during installation [Description of the utility model to the Russian Federation patent No. 209392 of 06/25/2021, IPC E04C 2/00, published. 03/16/2022, Bulletin No. 8]. The technical result is the creation of a self-supporting panel that is durable and thermally efficient, and does not require special construction equipment and a team of qualified builders during installation.

True self-supporting panels are difficult to manufacture. The tongue-and-groove joint in adjacent panels is formed by the displacement of the load-bearing and insulating layers relative to each other. This requires their manufacture exclusively under production conditions, which results in special storage conditions, careful transportation and careful installation during the construction of buildings and structures. For this reason, they are not used in the construction industry.

A structural heat-insulating panel is known, having two outer layers of oriented strand boards, a heat-insulating layer located between them, connected with polymer compounds, while along the perimeter of the panel in grooves intended for this purpose during production in industrial conditions or installation at a construction site, it is provided to use a C-shaped thermal profile made of galvanized or laminated thin sheet steel, fastened to the boards with self-tapping screws, with narrow and serrated perforation, allowing to reduce heat loss and serving as an insurmountable barrier for rodents, the empty cavities of which are filled with mineral wool, a closed profile made of two C-shaped thermal profiles, connected with an overlap, fastened in the grooves of the panel, is intended for connecting the panels using the "tongue and groove" method [Description of the utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 82240 dated 09.24.2008, IPC E04C 1/40, published 20.04.2009, Bulletin No. 11]. Layered structural thermal insulation panels are used directly in the construction of walls, ceilings, roofs in light and quickly erected buildings.

The tongue-and-groove connection of two panels is ensured by the presence of grooves in each panel, made in the form of sections of oriented strand boards protruding beyond the heat-insulating layer, and the tongue is obtained in the form of a kind of key - two closed thermal profiles located between the boards. Thus, the disadvantages of this panel include low structural strength, which is determined by the use of chipboards as its main power and load-bearing elements, and strong metal profiles are used as auxiliary elements of the fastening system. This limits the scope of application of panels to low-load and non-critical structures.

All of the above-mentioned construction elements have a significant drawback - excessively wide walls of thermal profiles in combination with short flanges, and thermal cuts along the walls significantly weaken their cross-sections and do not ensure spatial stability of the shape of structures made from them. In addition, it is difficult to ensure reliable connection between various structures created on the basis of known thermal profiles during installation and subsequent operation.

As a result, the creation of frames of various panels from the same size of metal profile, weakened by thermal holes, creates difficulties in combining them into prefabricated wall panels and difficulties in reliably fixing them together, especially in non-production conditions, i.e. on site.

Thus, there is a public demand for paired unified and interconnected building elements - metal thermal profiles, which have thermal perforations (holes) that eliminate or significantly reduce increased heat transfer from one of its longitudinal parts to another, do not have a significant effect on the strength characteristics and spatial stability of the form, and which allow creating reliable frames of wall and other reliably interconnected panels, up to the creation of single frames from the selected thermal profile of the required configuration. These frames, like panels from them, can be equally successfully manufactured not only in stationary production conditions, but also on site, in the so-called "field" conditions, including prompt repair and restoration of destroyed fragments of buildings and other structures.

For a number of objects built using unified construction elements - paired metal thermal profiles, it is not at all necessary to control the heat removal from the inside of the structure to the outside, which is typical, for example, for a number of fortifications and similar engineering structures. For this, it is not necessary to design and manufacture independent profiles without thermal holes. It is enough to use the parametric reserve of existing universal metal thermal profiles.

Thus, the task solved by the first and second inventions of the claimed group of technical solutions, and the achieved technical result consist in the creation of a design of two versions of unified building elements with thermal openings that are technologically easy to manufacture and that are distinguished by their strength, spatial stability of form and operational reliability, and that transfer their qualities to the products and structures created using them. Unification of sizes in building elements ensures the possibility of their simultaneous joint use and operation.

To solve the task and achieve the stated technical result in the first version of the construction element, made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including thermal holes located in a staggered order, and side shelves, the longitudinal wall is made convex with the formation in the section of an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base outward, on which the thermal holes are located. Additionally, the thermal holes are made in the form of notches with flanges directed inward of the profile.

To solve the set task and achieve the stated technical result in the second version of the construction element, made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall, including thermal holes arranged in a staggered order, and side shelves, the longitudinal wall is made concave with the formation in the section of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove with a smaller base inward, on which the thermal holes are located. Additionally, the thermal holes are made in the form of notches with flanges directed outward of the profile.

The task solved by the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions and the achieved technical result consist in creating a structure of technologically feasible wall panel frames based on standardized construction elements with thermal openings that are characterized by strength, spatial stability of form and operational reliability, and that transfer their qualities to the products and structures created using them. The resulting wall panel frames have the ability to be easily and reliably joined and connected to each other.

In order to solve the stated problem and achieve the stated technical result in the frame of the wall panel, made in the form of a rectangular frame, including detachable and/or non-detachable interconnected building elements in the form of U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including thermal openings arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and side shelves, one part of the U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles of the building elements is made with convex longitudinal walls with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base outward, and the other part of the metal profiles of the building elements is made concave with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove with a smaller base inward, and the thermal openings of the longitudinal walls of both metal profiles are placed on the smaller bases of their equal-sided trapezoidal tenons and grooves, wherein the building elements with convex longitudinal walls of the metal profiles that form trapezoidal tenons in cross-section with smaller bases directed outward, and building elements with concave longitudinal walls of metal profiles that form trapezoidal grooves in cross-section with smaller bases directed inward, are arranged in the frame opposite to each other or in pairs sequentially one after the other, and the connection of the metal profiles between themselves is carried out by means of contact of the end sections of their side shelves, wherein one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove, and, accordingly, one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, or the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal tenons of their longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls of adjacent metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls, and, accordingly, the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the longitudinal walls of the metal profiles of the adjacent building elements with trapezoidal tenons of the longitudinal walls.

In addition, the oppositely located metal profiles of the building elements in the frame are connected to each other by at least one transverse or vertical tie, made in the form of a plastically deformed, bent or rolled profile of a U- or C-shaped cross-section with side shelves, the longitudinal wall of which includes thermal holes arranged in a staggered pattern, wherein the tie is placed between both side shelves of the metal profiles of the building elements in the frame to obtain detachable and/or non-detachable connections, and the contact of the metal profiles of the building elements with each other is made within the elastic deformations of their side shelves.

The task solved by the fourth and fifth inventions of the claimed group of technical solutions, and the achieved technical result consist in creating a structure of technologically easy-to-manufacture corner joints of wall panel frames, created on the basis of standardized building elements with thermal openings, which are distinguished by strength, spatial stability of shape and operational reliability, and which transfer their qualities to the products and structures created using them. The resulting corner joints provide the possibility of simple and reliable corner joining and connecting wall panel frames to each other.

In order to solve the stated problem and achieve the stated technical result in the first version of the corner joint of the frames of building panels, characterized by being made in the form of rectangular frames, according to the above-mentioned third invention of the group of stated technical solutions, the adjacent building elements of which are plastically deformed and/or bent and/or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including thermal openings arranged in a staggered pattern, and side shelves according to the second invention of the group of stated technical solutions, connected detachably and/or permanently with a corner post made in the form of a box of four detachably and/or permanently connected bent and/or rolled metal profiles, the adjacent two of which are made in the form of building elements according to the first invention of the group of stated technical solutions with the superposition of the longitudinal perforated wall and the side shelf of one metal profile on the side shelf and the longitudinal perforated wall of another metal profile, the third metal profile is made C-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall and two side shelves with inwardly bent flanges, and the fourth is made U-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall and side shelves, wherein the free side shelf and the longitudinal perforated wall of one construction element according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the side shelf of the C-shaped metal profile, and the free side shelf and the longitudinal perforated wall of another construction element according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the side shelf of the U-shaped metal profile, wherein the free side shelf and the longitudinal wall of the U-shaped metal profile are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the free side shelf of the C-shaped metal profile.

In order to solve the stated problem and achieve the stated technical result in the second version of the angular connection of the frames of building panels, characterized by the implementation in the form of rectangular frames, according to the above-mentioned third invention of the group of stated technical solutions, the adjacent building elements of which are bent and/or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including thermal openings arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and side shelves according to the second invention of the group of stated technical solutions, wherein the end part of one frame is located on the side of the side surface of the other frame and is connected to it detachably and/or permanently by means of a building element according to the first invention of the group of stated technical solutions, detachably and/or permanently fixed with its longitudinal perforated wall on the side surface of this frame along its height from the side of the building element according to the second invention of the group of stated technical solutions with an overlap of one of its side shelves on the longitudinal perforated wall of the building element according to the second invention of the group of stated technical solutions, wherein the other side shelf of the building element the element according to the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions in the places of its contact with the frame elements is made with rectangular cuts or contains local cuts with elements of this shelf bent perpendicularly outward.

The group of inventions is illustrated by drawings, where:

– Fig. 1 shows a general view of the first version of a building element in an axonometric projection, conventionally referred to as a “tenon”;

– Fig. 2 – general view of the second version of the construction element in an axonometric projection, conventionally referred to as a “groove”;

– in Fig. 3 – the frame of a wall panel made of the building elements of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which can be conventionally called “tongue-and-groove-tongue”;

– in Fig. 4 – a variant of the frame of Fig. 3 from the building elements of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which can be conditionally called “tenon-groove-tenon-groove”;

– Fig. 5-8 show options for connecting metal profiles of building elements of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as part of the frames of the wall panel of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4;

– Fig. 9 shows an example of vertical joining of two wall panel frames;

– in Fig. 10 – a fragment of the interaction of adjacent frames of the wall panel of Fig. 9 according to the “tongue and groove” type;

– in Fig. 11 – the frame of the wall panel from the building elements of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, reinforced with a transverse tie;

– Fig. 12 – general view of the transverse tie (also known as the vertical tie) in an axonometric projection;

– in Fig. 13 – a version of a “disassembled” structure of a blank volumetric wall, assembled from the frames of Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4;

– Fig. 14 – a general view of a C-shaped profile in an axonometric projection, used to manufacture a corner post for the first version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4;

– Fig. 15 – a general view of a U-shaped profile (also called a U-shaped) in an axonometric projection, used to manufacture a corner post for the first version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4;

– Fig. 16 shows a corner post made of the building elements of Fig. 1, Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 for the first version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel of Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4;

– Fig. 17 shows a cross-section of a wall fragment in orthogonal projection with the first version of the corner connection of the wall panel frames of Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4 using the corner post of Fig. 16;

– Fig. 18 shows the first version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4 as part of a finished wall using the corner post Fig. 16 in an axonometric projection;

– in Fig. 19 – the frame of Fig. 3 or Fig. 4, equipped with a modified construction element of Fig. 1 for the second version of the corner connection with the adjacent frame of the wall panel of Fig. 3 or Fig. 4;

– in Fig. 20 – a modified construction element of Fig. 1 for the second version of the corner connection of adjacent frames of the wall panel of Fig. 3 or Fig. 4;

– Fig. 21 shows a cross-section of a wall fragment in orthogonal projection with a second version of the corner connection of the wall panel frames of Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4 using the modified construction element of Fig. 1;

– Fig. 22 shows the second version of the corner connection of the wall panel frames of Fig. 3 and/or Fig. 4 as part of a partially finished wall (without interior cladding) using a modified construction element of Fig. 1 – in an axonometric projection.

It should be noted that in addition to the C-shaped cross-section of metal profiles, the prior art also mentions their U- and U-shaped forms. It should be noted that the names of the U-shaped and U-shaped profiles are conditional and are determined by the overall dimensions and proportions of the profile, and the value of the radius of the technological rounding of its side shelves from the longitudinal wall. The minimum radius of rounding - theoretical zero - allows us to call the profile U-shaped, and another radius of rounding, as a rule, this is from one and a half to two sizes of the profile metal thickness and higher, allows us to call such a profile also U-shaped. In addition, the method of producing typical metal profiles provides for the presence of a sheet blank and the subsequent most technologically advanced molding of the side shelves - upwards in relation to the base longitudinal wall, with the formation of an inverted Cyrillic letter "P". Or the Latin "U". Thus, the resulting metal profile is initially created as U-shaped. If it is turned 90° clockwise, it can be considered C-shaped, if 180°, it can be considered U-shaped. However, there are other options for turning the profile - "letterless". Thus, it is better to name the profile shape by association with the letter of the most technologically advanced version of its manufacture.

The design of metal thermal profiles provides for the presence of a number of perforations on the surface of their longitudinal walls, located along the profile axis in a checkerboard pattern and representing a multitude of elongated holes. The holes, in turn, can be obtained by different methods, as a rule, by stamping, punching, etc. The presence of such holes significantly reduces heat transfer (heat removal) between the elements of the profiles located outside the building and inside, each of which borders on its own environment. Thus, these holes significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of the metal profile, allow you to save heat in the future structure, which allows them to be called "thermal holes" similar to the term in the Russian Federation patent No. 17557.

The construction element 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions is made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall 2, including thermal openings 3 arranged in a staggered pattern, and side shelves 4, wherein the wall 2 is made convex with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon 5 with a smaller base outward, on which thermal openings 3 are located, which in this case are made in the form of notches with flanges 6 (see Fig. 10) directed inward of the profile.

The construction element 7 according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions is also made in the form of a U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profile with a longitudinal perforated wall 8, including standardized thermal openings 3 arranged in a staggered manner, and side shelves 9, wherein the wall 8 is made concave with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 with a smaller base inward, on which thermal openings 3 are located, which, as in the first version of the construction element 1, are made in the form of notches with flanges 6 (see Fig. 10), but directed outward of the profile.

The frame 11 of the wall panel according to the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions is made in the form of a rectangular frame 12, including detachable (for example, by means of bolts and/or self-drilling self-tapping screws) and/or non-detachable (for example, by means of riveted and/or welded joints) structural elements 1 and 7 in the form of U-shaped bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls 2 and 8, including staggered standardized thermal openings 3, and side shelves 4 and 9, respectively, wherein one part of the metal profiles of the structural elements 1 is made in accordance with the first invention of the group of claimed technical solutions, i.e. with convex longitudinal perforated walls 2, forming in cross-section an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon 5 with a smaller base directed outward, and the other part of the metal profiles of the building elements 7 is made in accordance with the second invention of the group of declared technical solutions, i.e. with concave longitudinal perforated walls 8, forming in cross-section an equilateral trapezoidal groove 10 with a smaller base directed inward, and thermal openings 3 of longitudinal perforated walls 2 and 8 of both profiles are located on the smaller bases of their equilateral trapezoidal tenons 5 and grooves 10, wherein the building elements 1 with convex longitudinal walls 2 of metal profiles, forming in cross-section equilateral trapezoidal tenons 5 with smaller bases directed outward, and building elements 7 with concave longitudinal walls 8 of metal profiles, forming in cross-section equilateral trapezoidal grooves 10 with smaller bases directed inward, are located in the frame 12 opposite to each other or in pairs sequentially one after the other, and the connection of the metal profiles between themselves is carried out by means of contact of the end sections 13 of their side shelves 4 and/or 9, wherein one end of the metal profile of the building element 1 with an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon 5 of the longitudinal wall 2 is located at the level of the longitudinal wall 2 of the other metal profile with an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon 5 of the longitudinal wall 2 (Fig. 8), and its other end is located at the level of the smaller base of the equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 of the metal profile of the building element 7 with the equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 (Fig. 5), and, accordingly, one end of the metal profile of the building element 7 with the equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 is located at the level of the smaller base of the equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 of another metal profile with the equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 of the longitudinal wall 8 (Fig. 6), and its other end is located at the level of the longitudinal wall 2 of another metal profile of the building element 1 with the equal-sided trapezoidal tenon 5 of the longitudinal wall 2 (Fig. 7), or if the base elements (ends) of the profiles have changed places for some reason, the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements 1 with equal-sided trapezoidal tenons 5 of their longitudinal walls 2 are located at the level of the smaller bases of the equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10 of the longitudinal walls 8 of the adjacent metal profiles of the building elements 7 with equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10 (Fig. 7), and, accordingly, the ends of the metal profiles with equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10 of the longitudinal walls 8 are located at the level of the longitudinal walls 2 of the adjacent metal profiles of the building elements 1 with equal-sided trapezoidal tenons 5 (Fig. 5).

The contact of the metal profiles of the building elements 1 and/or 7 with each other is made within the elastic deformations of their side shelves 4 and/or 9 – one part embraces the other.

In addition, the oppositely located metal profiles of the building elements 1 and 7 in the frame 12 of the frameworks 11 of the wall panels are connected to each other by at least one transverse (also vertical) tie 14, made in the form of a typical plastically deformed, bent or rolled typical metal profile of a U-shape (not shown conditionally due to the simplicity of the design) or a more rigid metal profile 15 of a C-shape of cross-section with side shelves 16 and flanges 17, the longitudinal perforated wall 18 of which also includes standardized thermal holes 3 located in a staggered manner. The tie 14 is placed between both side shelves 4 and/or 9 of the metal profiles of the frame 12 to obtain detachable and/or non-detachable connections.

An angular connection of frames 11 of wall panels according to the fourth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions (i.e. using an angular post), made in the form of rectangular frames 12 according to the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, the adjacent building elements 7 of which are plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls 8 and side shelves 9, where the walls 8 are made concave with the formation in the cross-section of equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10 with a smaller base inward, on which unified thermal openings 3 are staggered, i.e. made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, and connected detachably and/or inseparably with the corner post 19, made in the form of a box of four detachably and/or inseparably connected to each other plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal profiles, the adjacent two of which are made in the form of building elements 1, according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, with the superposition of the longitudinal perforated wall 2 and the side shelf 4 of one metal profile on the side shelf 4 and the longitudinal perforated wall 2 of another metal profile, the third metal profile 20 is made C-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall 21 and two side shelves 22 with inwardly bent flanges 23, and the fourth metal profile 24 is made U-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall 25 and side shelves 26, wherein the free side shelf 4 and the longitudinal perforated wall 2 of one construction element 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are superimposed on longitudinal wall 21 and side shelf 22 of C-shaped metal profile 20, and free side shelf 4 and longitudinal perforated wall 2 of another construction element 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are superimposed on longitudinal wall 25 and side shelf 26 of U-shaped metal profile 24, wherein free side shelf 26 and longitudinal wall 25 of U-shaped metal profile 24 are superimposed on longitudinal wall 21 and free side shelf 22 of C-shaped metal profile 20.

An angular connection of frames 11 of wall panels according to the fifth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions (using the so-called overlay), made in the form of rectangular frames 12 according to the third invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, the adjacent building elements 7 of which are plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls 8 and side shelves 9, where the walls 8 are made concave with the formation in the cross-section of equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10 with a smaller base inward, on which unified thermal holes 3 are located in a checkerboard pattern, i.e. made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, wherein the end part of one rectangular frame 12 is located on the side of the lateral surface of the other rectangular frame 12 and is connected to it detachably and/or permanently by means of a building element 1 (after modification - 1') according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, detachably and/or permanently fixed with its longitudinal perforated wall 2 on the lateral surface of this frame 12 along its height from the side of the building element 7 according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions with an overlap of its one lateral shelf 4 on the longitudinal perforated wall 8 of the building element 7, wherein the other lateral shelf 4 of the building element 1 at the points of its contact with the elements of the frame 12 is made with rectangular cuts 27 or contains local cuts with elements of this shelf 4 (not shown conditionally) perpendicularly bent outward to the level of the plane of the longitudinal wall 2).

Let us analyze the essential features of inventions.

The prior art discloses construction elements in the form of U-shaped bent or rolled metal sections with longitudinal walls including thermal holes and side shelves. Such construction elements are universal, which implies special conditions for joining them together when constructing various structures. The absence of basic joining surfaces complicates this process. At the same time, the conditional simplicity of the design does not provide for the preservation of the longitudinal shape and increased spatial strength of products made from them. Construction elements 1 and 7 of the first and second inventions of the claimed group of technical solutions are not universal, but they are unified in their structural elements, have additional elements of spatial rigidity made on the longitudinal walls 2 and 8 of the metal sections in the form of equal-sided trapezoidal tenons 5 with smaller bases outward or in the form of equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10 with smaller bases inward. Such a stepped design of metal profiles, thanks to the figured wall 2 or 8, makes them maximally rigid and strong. In fact, these are paired zigzag or, respectively, paired U-shaped profiles connected to each other by smaller bases of equal-sided trapezoidal tenons 5 and grooves 10. In this case, thermal holes 3 in the composition of figured longitudinal walls 2 or 8 are located on smaller bases of tenons 5 and grooves 10, which has a minimal effect on the stability of their longitudinal shape and spatial rigidity while maintaining reduced heat dissipation in the cross section.

Each of the mentioned construction elements 1 and 7 can be used individually in the manufacture of various products such as wall panel frames, hollow posts and other structures, as well as from profiles known from the state of the art, although more reliable due to their increased longitudinal strength and transverse rigidity, but their combined use provides additional unique capabilities. The tenon 5 and the groove 10 in the design of the metal profiles of construction elements 1 and 7 are selected with the possibility of their subsequent reliable joining with each other without transverse displacements as part of prefabricated frames and posts of various structures while maintaining the shape of the base surfaces of building structures made of them, for example, wall panels and their corner joints.

It should be noted that the thermal openings 3 on the longitudinal walls of the building elements are made in the form of notches with flanges 6. On metal profiles with tenons 5 and grooves 10, they are directed in different directions - inside the profile and outside the profile, respectively. It would be correct to direct all the notches outward. This would provide a larger contact area of the metal profiles with a physical seal or sealing compound between them, but then a situation is possible when the flanges 6 of the notches of one metal profile come into contact with the flanges 6 of the notches of another metal profile, and in this case the effect of the thermal openings 3 is leveled due to an increase in heat transfer within the cross-sections of the contacting metal profiles. In the same way, it was possible to direct the flanges 6 of the notches inside the profiles, but in this case the contact area of the metal profiles with a physical seal or sealing compound between them is reduced to a minimum. During installation, they may fall off or slide along the contact surface. Therefore, we settled on the option where the flanges 6 of the notches are directed outward only within the equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 – the physical seal or sealing compound is not only fixed on the frame 11, but is also reliably positioned within the width of the groove 10.

Structures made of metal profiles of this kind, like most building structures, have fairly large tolerances for manufacturing gaps, which significantly exceed the height of the protruding flanges 6 of the notches, as well as the height of the heads of the protruding fasteners or reinforcements of the welded seams. This makes it possible to ignore possible heat leaks through such local contact surfaces, since they do not have any noticeable effect on the overall leaks within the width of specific metal profiles with longitudinal walls 2 and 8, including thermal openings 3.

The combination in the design of various rectangular and square in plan frames 11 metal profiles with tenons 5 and metal profiles with grooves 10 is determined by the needs of construction and can be designed in the form of conventional combinations: "tenon-groove-tenon-groove", "tenon-tenon-groove-groove", "tenon-tenon-tenon-groove" and "tenon-groove-groove-groove". Taking into account the rotation of these frames by 90°, 180° and 270°, a whole range of their various designs is obtained for reliable connection in the composition of wall panels of various structures. In contrast to the so-called "puzzle" connections known from the prior art, the present connections ensure reliability and strength not only in the plane of the set of frames 11 and wall panels based on them, for example, due to their mechanical fastening to each other, although this is not necessary, and is done only to insure the connection, but also in the transverse directions, both outward and inward of the structures.

The connection of the building elements 1 and 7 in the frameworks 11 of the wall panels to each other is ensured by the covering of one metal profile with another profile according to the "bracket-shaft" type within the elastic deformations of their side shelves 4 and/or 9. Such a forced overlapping connection allows for a reliable detachable or non-detachable connection of the parts to each other. Free overlay connections of the side shelves 4 and/or 9 on each other with an offset, but without their deformation, are also possible, but they provide the elements of the framework 11 with additional degrees of freedom, which reduces the reliability of the structure as a whole, both at the manufacturing stage and at the stages of its subsequent installation on the future wall of the structure and the formation of the finished wall panel. That is, in one case, the contacting side shelves 4 and/or 9 of the building elements 1 and/or 7 work exclusively on the shear of the fasteners, and in the other case both on the shear and on the tear, which is extremely undesirable.

It should be noted that elastic deformations of the elements of metal profiles allow creating more "capital" connections of metal profiles between themselves, when the end sections 13 of one profile are inserted with some force between the side shelves 4 or 9 of the end sections 13 of another profile until they stop, which is a special case of the declared connection of profiles between themselves - within the levels of the nearest structural elements. This ensures the possibility of connecting adjacent frames 11 between themselves not only end-to-end, but also with an offset in the direction of another frame 11, and also allows in some cases to rotate the frame by 90° or 180°. In other words, equal-sided trapezoidal tenons 5 and grooves 10 of metal profiles of one frame 11 have the ability to contact two adjacent frames 11 at once and so on in any of four directions or in two parallel directions at once (like brickwork). This is necessary, for example, when arranging window and door openings in the right place, etc. It also ensures the fixation of the tenon 5 or the groove 10 of one frame 11 in the grooves 5 or tenons 10 of two adjacent frames 11 at once. This makes it possible to significantly facilitate the assembly of the wall without resorting to preliminary fixation of the frames 11 to each other.

The butt joint of the mentioned frames 11 without displacement forms rectangular openings in their adjacent corners. As part of the future wall, they can be used to place technological and capital fixing ties of internal and facade panels in them.

Some uncertainty of the term "level limit" (or "at the level") of the location of the ends of metal profiles, etc. is explained by the fact that the tolerances for the manufacture of products from such building elements are calculated at least by two bending radii of the profile metal, and this is one and a half to two sizes of the thickness of the strip used for its manufacture and even more. For example, if the thickness of the profile metal is 2.5 mm (in practice, from 1.5 mm to 4.0 mm), then the "level limit" will be from 2.5 mm to 7.5-10 mm. Actually, the requirements for manufacturing accuracy, in particular, the most technologically advanced bent profiles are set out in GOST R 58384–2019 "BENT STEEL PROFILES MADE OF COLD-ROLLED STEEL FOR CONSTRUCTION" - http://www.gidroteck.ru/files/pdf/GOST-58384-2019.pdf. In practice, the "level limit" is provided by the contact of the first elements of the joined metal profiles that intersect before touching - the edges of the longitudinal walls 2 and the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves 10, or the edges of the longitudinal walls 2 with each other, or the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves 10 with each other, or the edges of the longitudinal walls 8 and the longitudinal walls 2, etc., which fits into one or two thicknesses of the metal profiles. For the mentioned metal thickness, this is 2.5-5.0 mm. A guaranteed reserve of up to 2.5-5.0 mm remains.

The above-mentioned differences in the tolerances of sizes in building structures, namely in the frames of wall panels, make it possible not to take into account the sizes of various protruding parts, such as flanges 6 of the notches of thermal openings 3, heads of bolts, rivets or self-drilling self-tapping screws (conditionally - pos. 28), as well as possible reinforcements and weld seam overhangs. Moreover, these elements, slightly protruding in the scale of the dimensions of the frames 11 of wall panels, serve for preliminary and additional fixation of heat-insulating, internal and facade 29 panels, sealing and adhesive compositions, etc.

In some cases, frames 11 made of the same size of building elements 1 or 7 may be required. Initially, such frames are not intended for reliable joining with each other. They are usually made on site, for example, in the case of prompt restoration of a fragment of a destroyed wall, although it would be more correct to choose exactly that set of building elements 1 or 7 whose metal profiles are more suitable for reliable connection (contact) with wall fragments, for example, to use profiles only with concave longitudinal walls with the formation of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 in the cross-section with a smaller base inward. Such a single frame 11 can be mounted directly in the opening of the destroyed wall, the elements of which act as stylized keys and pins, covered by trapezoidal grooves 10 of each building element 7 in this frame 11.

When assembling a prefabricated building, a variety of wall panel frames 11 made according to the above-described technical solutions can be used. Their reliable joining to each other has already been mentioned. However, it should be borne in mind that not only identical wall panel frames 11 can be joined to each other, but also frames 11 of different types. The main thing is that adjacent frames 11 reliably contact each other according to the "groove-tenon" or "tenon-groove" principle. The closing metal profiles of the frames 11, which contact the corner posts 19, the capital walls of various structures, floor or ceiling slabs, etc., must be selected individually. For example, for corner joining with flat sections of load-bearing walls or for flat joining with existing walls, more suitable, although not necessary, are building elements 7 made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions - building elements 7 with equal-sided trapezoidal grooves 10, in which sealing and heat-insulating materials can be placed. In this case, the heat-insulating capabilities of building elements 7 in the composition of frames 11 of wall panels are more fully manifested.

Thus, in addition to drawing up a project for a prefabricated building, a fragment of a capital structure where repairs will be carried out, or an engineering structure, it is recommended to design maps of the upcoming installation works with the preparation of specifications of the used frames 11 wall panels. This will allow for high-quality installation and assembly works to be carried out in the shortest possible time, despite the variety of their standard sizes.

The use of transverse (or vertical) ties 14 in the composition of the frames 11 of wall panels is explained by the need to ensure spatial rigidity of their large-sized versions, for example, when the entire wall is made of building elements to repair the wall of a building, pushing apart the oppositely located profiles with the corresponding U- or C-shaped ties (pos. 15). In addition, with the help of ties 14 placed in an appropriate manner in the composition of the frame 11, it is possible to form window and door openings. This explains the fact that original parts with flat longitudinal walls 18 and a minimum of protruding parts such as flanges 17 on the side shelves 16 are used as ties 14, which are quite easily joined not only with the insulation, but also with standard window blocks and door frames, unlike the metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7, although, if desired, this joining can be carried out with them as well.

It is recommended to make corner joints of frames 11 of wall panels in two types (options) - using an independent corner post 19, and also by equipping frame 11 of one of the wall panels with a construction element 1 (1') modified on site or in production conditions with a metal profile equipped with a tenon 5.

The corner, conditionally quadrangular rack 19, is manufactured by forming two C- and U-shaped conditionally smooth metal profiles 20 and 24, respectively, standing next to each other at an angle of 90° and partially superimposed on each other, onto which identical metal profiles with tenons 5 are partially superimposed with their longitudinal fragments, and partially superimposed on each other. Such sufficiently powerful corner racks 19 are firmly attached to the floor and ceiling overlapping, and to them, at an angle of 90° to each other, by means of metal profiles with grooves 10, the frames 11 of the wall panels are applied with fixed fastening. In this way, the horizontal rows of frames 11 are joined with the opposite corner racks 19, forming walls, including with window and door openings.

In this case, the corner posts 19 are reliable power elements of various structures, the height of which can reach several floors. The internal cavities of such corner posts 19 are filled with heat-insulating materials or their scraps, remaining from filling the internal spaces of the frames 11 of the wall panels, and which are literally rammed into them mechanically.

As can be seen, thermal holes 3 on metal profiles equipped with spikes 5, used to manufacture corner posts 19, protect the corners of structures from heat leaks.

The second type of corner joint is a practically operational modification of the existing frame 11 of the wall panel for its reliable fastening with the adjacent frame 11 located at an angle of 90°. In both frames 11, parts equipped with metal profiles with grooves 10 are joined; simply, on one of the frames 11, on its side surface, with a partial overlap of the side shelf 4 on the longitudinal wall 8 of the metal profile of the building element 7 of the frame 11, a metal profile with a tenon 5 is applied. Parts of the side shelves 4 that prevent contact of the longitudinal walls 2 with the side surfaces of the frame (these are the side shelves 4 and/or 9 and the transverse ties 14) are removed to obtain rectangular bites 27 or, having made a cut, they are bent outward at an angle of 90°. Before assembling this profile with the frame 11, its “tenoned” cavity is filled with heat-insulating material. After the modified metal profile of the building element 1 (1') has been securely fastened to the frame 11, its corner connection with the adjacent frame 11 can be carried out.

The strength of such an angular connection is ensured by reliable fastening of the frames 11 to each other. For this purpose, it is recommended to use bolted fastenings with locking nuts, additionally duplicated with pull-out rivets. As can be seen, this angular connection is capable of withstanding significant compressive loads.

It should be noted that after the appropriate, i.e. symmetrical modification of the metal profile with groove 5, it is possible to perform a T-joint of the frames 11 of the wall panels to obtain wall partitions.

In both cases, corner joints produce reliable frame structures capable of withstanding significant multidirectional operational loads, including vibration and even seismic ones.

The structures constructed using the claimed inventions require individual modification to the operational level in accordance with their purpose. For this purpose, already at the stage of installation of frames 11, all butt joints are sealed - frames 11 between themselves and their contact points with floor and ceiling slabs, window frames and door frames. Heat-insulating mats (plates) are placed inside the cavities of the installed frames 11, the trimmings of which are used, for example, to fill the internal cavities of corner posts 19.

The internal surfaces of the walls of the structures, before or after the cladding of the external walls, are covered with operational panels such as plasterboard, which can subsequently be pasted over with wallpaper, covered with a layer of paint or whitewashed, and the external surfaces are faced with protective and decorative so-called facade panels, which are “planted” on special construction adhesives and, if necessary, duplicated with fixing ties, which are placed in the corners of the joints of the frames 11. The joints of the protective and decorative coatings with each other and in places of contact with ceiling and floor slabs and other base surfaces such as capital walls are treated with appropriate sealing compounds and pasted over with construction tape of the appropriate type.

It should be noted that the frames 11 of wall panels, their corner joints 19 and other structures made of them and based on them, created on the basis of two versions of unified construction elements 1 and 7, are distinguished by strength, spatial stability of form and operational reliability. They transfer these qualities to the products and structures created using them, for example, various architectural forms, fragments of restored structures, etc. In other words, their repeated major repairs are possible while preserving the base - the metal profiles of construction elements 1 and 7 themselves, frames 11 based on them and walls based on frames 11, including both versions of their corner joints. If necessary, the listed construction elements 1 and 7 can be carefully disassembled for secondary use directly during dismantling of structures or after dismantling of these structures, provided that they were assembled on the basis of detachable fastening joints.

The inventions are illustrated by the following examples.

Example 01. Manufacturing of a typical frame of 11 wall panels

To manufacture the frame 11 of the wall panel, two standard sizes of building elements 1 and 7 are taken - U-shaped metal profiles with convex and concave longitudinal perforated thermal openings 3, walls 2 and 8 and side shelves 4 and 9. The longitudinal convex wall 2 of one profile is made with the formation of an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon 5 in the cross-section with a smaller base outward, and the longitudinal concave wall 8 of the other profile is made with the formation of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove 10 in the cross-section with a smaller base inward.

These profiles are obtained by sequential rolling of galvanized metal strip on the production line "SAMESOR LGS 4" with simultaneous perforation of their longitudinal walls 2 and 8.

First, a project of the future structure or its fragment is developed and its wall elements or a specific wall element are divided into individual modules. That is, the area of each wall or its fragment is divided into individual modules of future frames 11, which will preferably have the same overall dimensions or will be multiples of them.

Each metal profile of the used construction element 1 and 7 in the composition of each frame 11 is conventionally marked as a "groove" (pos. 10) and/or "tenon" (pos. 5). Obviously, the contacting metal profiles of adjacent frames 11 will be marked as "tenon-groove" or "groove-tenon".

In turn, it is recommended to start marking the frames 11 made from these building elements 1 and 7 from the corner of the structure, or a blank wall, or a ceiling, or a floor. After that, an installation map of the entire wall or its fragment is made. The extreme metal profiles of each closing frame 11 are marked in a special way - they can differ from a similar metal profile of the adjacent unified frame 11. For example, for contact with the plane of the opposite blank capital wall or with the corner post 19, or with the adjacent frame 11 of the corner wall, such a frame 11 can be equipped exclusively with a metal profile with a groove 10, regardless of the design of the unified adjacent frame 11, etc.

Practice has shown that the most widely replicated frames of 11 wall panels are frames with oppositely arranged metal profiles “groove-tongue-groove-tongue” or in pairs sequentially one after the other – “groove-groove-tongue-tongue”.

After deciding on the design of the frames of 11 wall panels, proceed to cutting the blanks of both versions of building elements 1 and 7.

To simplify the assembly of frames 11 and ensure their identical overall dimensions, a 180° rotating book-shaped conductor is manufactured with verified dimensions for the installation of base elements (prisms, pins, etc.) on each base plane of the conductor, and the height of which does not exceed the height of the horizontal sections of the longitudinal walls 2 and 8 of the metal profiles.

The metal profiles of the building elements 1 and 7 are placed in the conductor according to the design of the wall panel frame. The end sections 13 of the side shelves 4 (or 9) of one profile are inserted into the end sections 13 of the side shelves 9 (or 4) of another profile according to the “bracket-shaft” type, overcoming some resistance of their elastic deformations and the element of one end is shifted until it stops against the longitudinal wall 2 or into the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove 10, or stops at the level of the longitudinal wall 2 of another metal profile, etc. (see Fig. 5-8). And so they do with all the end sections 13 of the side shelves 4 and 9 of all the adjacent profiles at all four corners.

The overlaps of the upper side shelves 4 and 9 of each metal profile are fastened together with the required number of, for example, galvanized self-drilling self-tapping screws. For this purpose, technological spacers can be used, installed between the overlaps of the opposite side shelves 4 or 9. If the thickness of the profile metal exceeds the comfortable installation of self-tapping screws, they can be replaced with pull-out rivets or ordinary bolts, since drilling holes for them with a special tool is more productive. After fastening the upper side shelves 4 or 9 of the metal profiles, the jig is turned 180° and the semi-finished frame 11 is laid with the fastened side shelves 4 or 9 on one side on the other base plane with its own base elements installed on it. The jig is folded back for assembly on the first base plane of the next frame 11, and the overlaps of the former lower side shelves 4 or 9, which became upper after turning the frame 11, are also fastened together in the same way as those previously fastened. The finished frame 11 of the wall panel is marked accordingly, removed from the jig and stored.

The remaining frames 11 are manufactured in the same way, including the closing frames 11, which can have an individual “formula” for a set of metal profiles, for example, “groove-groove-groove-tenon” or some other.

Frames 11 of wall panels can be manufactured both in specialized production conditions and at the site of future construction, provided that the above-mentioned conductor-book is placed there or the simplest device is manufactured for high-quality assembly of frames 11 from imported building elements 1 and 7. In this case, the semi-finished product of frame 11 is turned over to the other side manually. The latter option is used for frames 11, the metal profiles of which have a relatively small weight per linear meter.

Example 02. Making a frame of 11 wall panels with a window or door opening

The frames 11 of the wall panels can be joined together with the omission of some frames 11 in the wall composition with the formation of a window or door opening in the size of the omitted frame 11 or frames 11, including with their displacement from the joint zone of adjacent frames 11. For this, the dimensions of the panels are selected based on the size of the future opening, which can lead to an expansion of the nomenclature of non-standard frames 11.

The most preferable technology will be the replacement of a number of vertically standing frames 11 with one elongated vertically oriented frame 11 equal in height to two or three typical unified frames 11. In such a frame 11, between the oppositely located vertical metal profiles of the building elements 1 and/or 7, two transverse ties 14 are installed, made in the form of U-shaped profiles (not shown conditionally) or C-shaped cross-section with side shelves 16, the longitudinal walls 18 of which include thermal openings 3 located in a checkerboard pattern. The ties 14 installed at the required height form the future window opening. When placing one transverse tie 14 on the elongated vertically oriented frame 11, a door opening is obtained.

The ties 14 are placed between both side shelves 4 and/or 9 of the metal profiles of the building elements 1 and/or 7 as part of the resulting frame 12 of the framework 11, with their fixation using the required number of, for example, galvanized self-drilling self-tapping screws or pull-out rivets, or bolts.

In the same way, to produce a window opening, a row of horizontally placed frames 11 can be replaced with one elongated horizontally oriented frame 11, equal in length, as a rule, to two standard unified frames 11.

In this frame 11, between the oppositely located horizontal metal profiles of the building elements 1 and/or 7, the required number of vertical ties 14 are installed, forming the future reinforced window opening of the required profile.

Example 03. Installation of walls of a prefabricated building or engineering structure

In accordance with the design of the building or engineering structure, appropriately marked frames 11 of wall panels, corner posts 19, made of strip or sheet metal of the required thickness, ensuring the required safety margin of the structures being erected, are delivered to the installation site.

A special feature of some of the frames 11 is that those of them that are used to form corners are equipped along the edges with construction elements 7, the metal profiles of which are made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, i.e. with grooves 10.

The frames of 11 wall panels can be manufactured directly in the construction area.

Along the perimeter of the foundation of a building or other structure, corner posts 19 filled with insulation are installed on the floor slabs in the right places and secured as securely as possible. In accordance with the project and according to the existing marking, frames 11 are installed with the formation of each wall. All frames 11 of the first row are securely attached to the floor slab with a sealing compound such as Linotherm or another and are connected to each other through a layer of the same compound. Frames 11 in contact with corner posts 19 are attached to them in the same way. During installation, window openings are formed in the walls, as well as an entrance door or several doors.

After the first floor is installed, a sealant is applied to the top row of frames of 11 wall panels and the ceiling is installed. It also serves as the floor covering for the second floor.

Corner posts 19 are installed in the required places on the second floor ceiling (if they were not manufactured in height for two or more floors at once). The perimeter of the second floor is tied with frames 11 of wall panels according to the type of the first floor. The walls of the second floor have only window openings in the required places.

After the installation of the second or other closing floor, a clean ceiling covering is installed on the top row of frames of 11 wall panels through a layer of sealing compound and then a roof of the required configuration is formed.

Already during the installation of the frames of the 11 wall panels of the second floor, it is possible to fill the frames of the 11 wall panels of the first floor with heat-insulating blocks. For this, it is possible to use the slab insulation Mineral wool, or similar blocks, which are inserted into the internal space of each frame of the 11 wall panel, preferably, by thrust without additional fastening. Or they are fixed on the internal surfaces of the metal profiles and between themselves using the appropriate glue, which is usually produced by the supplier of the insulation used. Window and door frames are installed and securely fastened into window and door openings on the sealing compound.

After filling the frames with 11 heat-insulating blocks, installing doors and windows, mounting the ventilation system and internal partitions or walls, they begin to cover the external and internal surfaces of the mounted walls with protective, decorative and operational panels. For external wall surfaces, this can be, for example, Knauf external Aquapanel, and for internal ones - gypsum plasterboard sheets GKL or similar materials that can be pasted over with wallpaper, covered with a layer of paint or whitewashed. The joints of the external protective and decorative panels are glued with a sealing tape such as "Linotherm".

The constructed building or engineering structure is equipped with a heating system and transferred to the customer for operation.

Example 04. Installation of walls of a prefabricated lightweight building or engineering structure

As in Example 03, in accordance with the design of the building or engineering structure, appropriately marked frames 11 of wall panels and free dimensional construction elements 1 according to the first invention of the claimed group of technical solutions are delivered to the installation site. A special feature of some frames 11 is that those of them that are used to form corners are equipped with construction elements 7 along the edges, the metal profiles of which are made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, i.e. these are profiles with grooves 10.

The thickness of the metal profiles of building elements 1 and 7, used to manufacture the frames 11 of the wall panels of a lightweight building, is less, and sometimes significantly less, than the similar thickness of the metal profiles of more capital buildings.

Lightweight frames of 11 wall panels are usually manufactured directly in the construction area.

On the first of the corner frames 11, on its side surface from the side of the metal profile made according to the second invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, i.e. with a groove 10, a metal profile of a building element 1 according to the first invention of this group, i.e. with a tenon 5, is applied, and the locations of future bites 27 or local cuts for bending the elements of this side shelf 4 outward are marked on the corresponding side shelf 4.

The modified metal profile of the construction element 1 (1') is fixed immovably on the same frame 11 with an overlap of its solid side shelf 4 onto the longitudinal wall 8 of the end construction element 7 with a groove 10, but first the internal cavity of the tenon 5 is filled with insulation.

At one of the corners of the perimeter of the foundation of a lightweight building or other structure, two frames 11 are installed perpendicular to each other on the floor slabs, one of which is equipped with a modified metal profile of the building element 1 (1') for their corner connection. The connection of the two frames 11 is securely fixed with appropriate fasteners both to each other and to the floor slab.

In accordance with the project and according to the existing marking, they begin to install frames 11 with the formation of walls on which window and door openings are located, similar to Example 03, including sealing of the joint zones. All corner joints of frames 11 are performed according to the above-described technology, i.e. using for the corner joint not a capital corner post 19, but modified metal profiles of building elements 1 (1') with tenons 5 and bites 27.

Lightweight buildings or engineering structures are usually constructed as single-story structures.

After equipping such buildings and structures with utility lines, they are transferred to the customer for operation.

Example 05. Repair of a destroyed building wall

During the military operations in the cold season, a fragment of the wall of a multi-story building was destroyed. The load-bearing elements of the building were not damaged. Evacuation of residents was deemed inappropriate.

A team of specialists arrives at the site of the destruction, eliminates the damage to the utility lines and conducts a corresponding examination of the site of the upcoming repair and restoration. The destruction zone is given the appearance of a through rectangular hole using a special tool.

After measuring the destruction zone, the length of the metal profiles of the necessary construction elements 1 and/or 7 is calculated. The cut profiles are delivered to the repair site and assembled from them into a frame 11 of the wall panel directly in the wall opening with sealing of the joint areas with the wall. The spatial rigidity and strength of the metal profiles allow this work to be done without fear of their unstandardized deformation.

Next, frame 11 is filled with heat-insulating blocks of the type Example 03 and the outer and inner surfaces of the restored wall are faced.

When repairing a destroyed wall of a building, several frames 11 can be used, including frames 11 with window openings.

It should also be noted that in some cases, when restoring a destroyed corner fragment of a wall, for example, on the upper floors of a building, it is possible to use the described repair technology with the installation of a massive corner post 19 in the corner of the destruction and its reliable fastening from below and above on undamaged fragments of the building and subsequent installation of the required number of frames 11 in place.

For repair of large destructions of buildings and structures, this technology should be used after careful study of the place of the upcoming restoration. Despite the strength of the building elements and the reliability of the assembled frames 11 their use should be reasonably justified.

Example 06. Atypical use of inventions – construction of fortifications or other protective structures

Using the frames 11 of wall panels made of two types of building elements 1 and 7 and, if necessary, corner posts 19 according to the fourth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions and/or modified by means of cuttings 27 of building elements 1 (1') according to the fifth invention of the claimed group of technical solutions, a walk-through canopy covered with polycarbonate sheets for storing a car or other equipment is erected, with an adjustment for the windage of the structure. The difference in the height of the opposite walls ensures the required slope of the flat roof. In this case, the frames 11 of wall panels may not be filled with heat-insulating blocks. In extreme cases, they can be covered from the outside with sheets of the same polycarbonate.

The horizontally extended frames 11 can be placed in one long row along the flood front. Their interior space is filled with sand bags. The water that penetrates behind such a fence is collected in natural or artificial lowlands and periodically or continuously pumped out by high-performance axial or centrifugal pumps - until the end of the flood.

The same horizontally extended frames 11 of the required height and filled with sandbags can be quickly installed as parapets of a temporary line of defense against enemy small arms in areas of the front where it is impossible to dig traditional trenches, for example, on rocky soils or in areas with nearby aquifers.

These examples are not the only possible variants of using the inventions. Other variants of their implementation are possible. The main thing is that they all use the above-described essential features of technical solutions both individually and in various combinations.

Thus, as a result of using the inventions, two versions of standardized construction elements with thermal holes have been created, which are distinguished by their strength, spatial stability of form and operational reliability, including their simultaneous joint use in the creation of technologically advanced wall panel frames that have the ability to be easily and reliably joined and connected to each other, including using versions of corner joints created on the basis of the same standardized construction elements.

Claims (6)

1. A corner joint of wall panel frames, characterized by being made in the form of rectangular frames, including detachable and/or non-detachable interconnected building elements in the form of U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including thermal openings arranged in a staggered pattern, and side shelves, wherein one part of the U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles of the building elements is made with convex longitudinal walls with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base facing outward, on which thermal openings are located in the form of notches with flanges directed inward of the profile, and the other part of the metal profiles is made with concave longitudinal walls with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove with a smaller base facing inward, on which thermal openings are located in the form of notches with flanges directed outward of the profile, wherein the building elements with convex longitudinal walls of metal profiles forming trapezoidal tenons in cross-section, and building elements with concave longitudinal walls of metal profiles forming trapezoidal grooves in cross-section are arranged in the frame opposite to each other or in pairs sequentially one after the other, and the connection of the metal profiles between themselves is carried out by means of contact of the end sections of their side shelves, wherein one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove, and, accordingly, one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, or the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal tenons of their longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls of adjacent metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls, and, accordingly, the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the longitudinal walls of the metal profiles of adjacent building elements with trapezoidal tenons of the longitudinal walls, and the adjacent building elements of the rectangular frames are metal profiles with concave longitudinal walls that form equal-sided trapezoidal grooves in cross-section, and these profiles are detachably and/or permanently connected to the corner post made in the form of a box of four detachably and/or permanently plastically deformed, bent and/or rolled metal sections, two adjacent ones of which are made in the form of building elements with convex longitudinal walls forming equilateral trapezoidal tenons in cross-section with the longitudinal wall and side flange of one metal section superimposed on the side flange and longitudinal wall of another metal section, the third metal section is made C-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall and two side flanges with inwardly bent flanges, and the fourth is made U-shaped with a solid longitudinal wall and side flanges, wherein the free side flange and longitudinal wall of one building element with a convex longitudinal wall forming an equilateral trapezoidal tenon in cross-section are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and side flange of the C-shaped metal section, and the free side flange and longitudinal wall of another building element with a convex longitudinal wall forming in an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon in cross-section, superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the side shelf of the U-shaped metal profile, while the free side shelf and the longitudinal wall of the U-shaped metal profile are superimposed on the longitudinal wall and the free side shelf of the C-shaped metal profile. 2. An angular joint according to claim 1, characterized in that oppositely located metal profiles of building elements in the composition of a rectangular frame are connected to each other by at least one transverse or vertical tie, made in the form of a plastically deformed, bent or rolled profile of a U- or C-shaped cross-section with side shelves, the longitudinal wall of which includes thermal holes, wherein the tie is placed between both side shelves of the metal profiles of building elements in the composition of the frame to obtain detachable and/or non-detachable connections. 3. An angular joint according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the contact of the metal profiles of the building elements with each other is made within the limits of elastic deformations of their side shelves. 4. A corner joint of wall panel frames, characterized by being made in the form of rectangular frames, including detachable and/or non-detachable interconnected building elements in the form of U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles with longitudinal perforated walls, including thermal openings arranged in a staggered pattern, and side shelves, wherein one part of the U-shaped plastically deformed, bent or rolled metal profiles of the building elements is made with convex longitudinal walls with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal tenon with a smaller base facing outward, on which thermal openings are located in the form of notches with flanges directed inward of the profile, and the other part of the metal profiles is made with concave longitudinal walls with the formation in the cross-section of an equal-sided trapezoidal groove with a smaller base facing inward, on which thermal openings are located in the form of notches with flanges directed outward of the profile, wherein the building elements with convex longitudinal walls of metal profiles forming trapezoidal tenons in cross-section, and building elements with concave longitudinal walls of metal profiles forming trapezoidal grooves in cross-section are arranged in the frame opposite to each other or in pairs sequentially one after the other, and the connection of the metal profiles between themselves is carried out by means of contact of the end sections of their side shelves, wherein one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove, and, accordingly, one end of the metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall is located within the level of the smaller base of the trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile with a trapezoidal groove of the longitudinal wall, and its other end is located within the level of the longitudinal wall of another metal profile of the building element with a trapezoidal tenon of the longitudinal wall, or the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal tenons of their longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the smaller bases of the trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls of adjacent metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls, and, accordingly, the ends of the metal profiles of the building elements with trapezoidal grooves of the longitudinal walls are located within the levels of the longitudinal walls of the metal profiles of adjacent building elements with trapezoidal tenons of the longitudinal walls, and the adjacent building elements of the rectangular frames are metal profiles with concave longitudinal walls that form equal-sided trapezoidal grooves in cross-section, wherein the end part of one frame is located on the side of the side surface of the other frame and is connected to it detachably and/or inseparably by means of a building element with a convex longitudinal wall forming an equilateral trapezoidal tenon in cross-section, detachably and/or permanently fixed with its longitudinal wall on the side surface of this frame along its height from the side of the building element with a concave longitudinal wall forming an equilateral trapezoidal groove in cross-section, with an overlap of one of its side flanges onto the longitudinal wall of the same building element with a concave longitudinal wall forming an equilateral trapezoidal groove in cross-section, wherein the other side flange of the building element with a convex longitudinal wall forming an equilateral trapezoidal tenon in cross-section, in the places of its contact with the frame elements, is made with rectangular bites or contains local cuts with elements of this flange bent perpendicularly outward. 5. An angular joint according to claim 4, characterized in that the oppositely located metal profiles of the building elements in the rectangular frame are connected to each other by at least one transverse or vertical tie, made in the form of a plastically deformed, bent or rolled profile of a U- or C-shaped cross-section with side shelves, the longitudinal wall of which includes thermal holes, wherein the tie is placed between both side shelves of the metal profiles of the building elements in the frame to obtain detachable and/or non-detachable connections. 6. An angular joint according to item 4, characterized in that the contact of the metal profiles of the building elements with each other is made within the limits of elastic deformations of their side shelves.