RU2738682C1 - Protective mask (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed solution relates to medical devices, particularly to individual respiratory protection means. Protective mask includes a protective base having longitudinal folds and fastenings on sides. Two folds directed to one side are fixed by side seams, and on the bend of the upper fold the base on the back side or on the front side has an elastic band with formation of a longitudinal gather.

EFFECT: technical result consists in providing user protection from dust, direct transmission of infectious particles from mask wearer to other people and vice versa and/or protection of user's face from large spray from outside and division into two chambers, nasal and mouth.

8 cl, 3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The claimed solution relates to medical devices, in particular to personal respiratory protection equipment. The claimed device can be used by ambulance brigades, police units, firefighters, emergency services, as part of first aid kits in institutions, as well as for retail sale to individuals.

A large number of designs of protective masks are known, however, all of them are used in the state of standard breathing of a person at rest, that is, not performing intense physical activity, which requires correct breathing by inhaling through the nose, exhaling through the mouth. Such breathing is required when walking, physical labor, running, intensive walks and other vital activities within the framework of the "high alert mode" emergencies https://www.mchs.gov.ru/ministerstvo/o-ministerstve/terminymchs- rossii / term / 1141), quarantine, etc. Inhalation through the nose allows air, passing through the nasal passages, to warm up, moisten and cleansed of dust and microorganisms, exhaling through the mouth allows the air to escape faster. It should be noted that exhalation from the mouth is accompanied by the exhalation of viruses and bacteria.

The simplest means of respiratory protection in the form of a cotton-gauze bandage is known, made from a piece of gauze measuring 100x50 cm, inside which cotton wool is placed, measuring 30x20 cm and about 2 cm thick.The bandage has two ties on the sides, which ensure its tight fit to the user's face, while both the lower and upper strings are attached to the back of the head. The disadvantage of this solution is shortness of breath. Due to the raw edges of gauze and cotton wool, the dressing cannot be disinfected and reused. In addition, the nose and mouth are in the same space under the mask and the exhaled air with viruses from the mouth is inhaled back.

Patent RU 110937 U1 "DISPOSABLE MEDICAL MASK" can be considered one of the analogues. The mask contains a canvas, two built-in flexible inserts, the upper one - a nosepiece, which serves for a better fit of the mask, taking into account the individual characteristics of the nose, the second - the central one for optimal fixation of the shape of the mask itself, is located horizontally in the center of the mask. The central insert allows you to give and maintain the correct shape of the air pocket, prevents the mask from contacting the mouth part during inhalation, and significantly reduces the risk of mask moisture and transmission of infection. The mask additionally has longitudinal folds on the canvas in the form of pleating of at least 8 folds to better fit the face.

The disadvantages of the known solution is that the mask is disposable. It is made of spunbond and meltblown material. Such material allows air to pass through, but practice has shown that breathing is difficult and accompanied by an increase in the user's pulse during vigorous activity. Another disadvantage is that the pleating of 8 small folds narrows the fabric along the side sections and it does not bend around the nose. Accordingly, the nose and mouth are in the same space under the mask. Exhaled air with viruses from the mouth is inhaled back. Another drawback is that the ribbon-like wire located on the upper part of the web irritates the user's nose during operation, due to the fact that when inhaling and exhaling, the mask makes movements, the web of which is firmly in contact with the skin of the user's nose, which contributes to rubbing. In addition, when putting on, it requires the user to perform actions to form a bend of the wire corresponding to the shape of the nose in the place where its upper edge will be located in the installed form, which is quite difficult for an unprepared user. Usually, the bending is carried out in the wrong place, due to which the rigidly formed upper edge, instead of tightly fitting to the nose and face of the user, forms arches that increase the access of flows of the external environment not through the protective sheet of the mask.

The closest analogue can be considered the well-known solution RU2549065C2 "MASK", containing a mask base made of gauze (gauze - cotton or mixed, with viscose fiber attachment, harsh or bleached. Loose, light, having hygroscopic properties and a good level of absorption of liquids) with fasteners in the form rubber cords, a ribbon-like wire inserted into the upper edge of the base, a filter element and virus-inactivating fine particles with antiviral properties held on the base of the mask. Fine particles with antiviral properties are particles of at least one of the following group of substances: platinum (II) iodide, palladium (II) iodide, silver (I) iodide, copper (I) iodide and copper (I) thiocyanate, and virus-inactivating fine particles are attached to the mask base, at least by the silane monomer and / or the polymerization product of the silane monomer, in the form of dots, islands or a thin film, without unnecessary gaps between particles. According to the structure shown in FIG. 4, applicable to a gauze mask, the protective fabric consists of three layers connected at the sides by stitches, and along the upper and lower edges of the layers are located freely relative to each other. Rubber cords (2) are sewn to the base (10) of the mask at the corners. As described and FIG. 1, several (four) folds (4) are formed in the base (10) of the mask along the length of the product, which allows you to freely change the width of the base (10) of the mask in accordance with the size of the user's face. The folds (4) open vertically to create a free space in front of the nose and mouth. Thus, the mask does not fit very closely to the mouth and nose. This makes breathing easier and reduces the amount of cosmetics that fall on the mask.

The disadvantages are that the mask has clogged channels for the passage of air on the protective fabric, allowing breathing, namely, on the surface it has a binder that fixes fine particles, inactivating the virus, clogging the channels.

In addition, part of the blocked channels leads to a premature loss of protective properties, since the remaining open channels suffer excessive wear and are more likely to be clogged with dust, which leads to rapid wetting. The ribbon-like wire located on the upper part of the base irritates and rubs the user's nose during operation due to the fact that when inhaling and exhaling, the mask makes movements in rigid contact with the skin of the nose. In addition, when putting on, it requires the user to perform actions to form a bend of the wire corresponding to the shape of the nose in the place where its upper edge will be located in the installed form, which is quite difficult for an unprepared user. Usually, the bending is carried out in the wrong place, due to which the rigidly formed upper edge, instead of tightly fitting to the nose and face of the wearer, forms arches that increase the access of external flows outside the mask base. In addition, the design of the mask has a common chamber for the nose and mouth, and the exhaled air with viruses from the mouth is inhaled back. (RU2549065C2, https: / / new.fips.ru /).

The objectives of the claimed solution are to develop a design for an individual protective mask that protects the user from dust, direct transmission of infectious particles from the mask wearer to other people and vice versa and / or protects the user's face from large splashes from the outside and has a division into two chambers for the nose and for the mouth. The developed mask must be easy to use to be able to be operated by an unprepared user, have a simple design that does not require special equipment and expensive materials for the manufacture. The design of the mask should eliminate irritation of the wearer's soft surfaces, reduce breathing difficulties, and withstand disinfection measures for reuse.

Disclosure of the invention.

As user (5) of FIG. 1 it is worth understanding people who need to protect their respiratory tract from dust, direct transmission of infectious particles from the mask wearer to other people and vice versa, and / or protecting the face from large splashes from the outside, including during active life. Such users, in particular, may be: personnel of medical institutions, employees of the ambulance station, employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the traffic police, firefighters. Also, users can be ordinary citizens who purchase this device as an element of self-defense.

The tasks are achieved due to the design of the respiratory mask, which consists of a protective base (1) with longitudinal folds (1.1), elastic tape (6) and fasteners (3) of Figs.

The base (1) in both versions is made of gauze cloth in the form of a horizontally oriented rectangle of 6, 8 layers of gauze. The base (1) in both versions is folded so that open cuts along the long side are inside the layers. One of the long edges of the base (1) includes the folds of the web and the open cuts of FIG. 2, 3 (B), and the second has - folds of the web with a connecting seam (2) of FIG. 2, 3 (C). On the lateral sides, the edges of the base (1) are bent inward and connected with a side seam (4).

The layers of the base (1), when superimposed on each other, form complex channels for the flows of inhaled and exhaled air, allowing the user (5) to breathe quite easily, while the protective base (1) retains particles, such as dust or droplets of saliva.

Thus, the protective base (1) of 6 layers of gauze design has two outer layers (1.2) and four inner ones: two of which are with an open cut (1.3) and two are formed by the bend of the web (1.4) of Fig. 2 (B), (C).

The protective base (1) of 8 layers of gauze has two outer layers (1.2) and six inner layers, two of which are with a longitudinal cut (1.3) and four are formed by the fold of the sheet (1.4) of Fig. 3 (B), (C).

The protective base (1) on the long side has two folds (1.1) directed to one side, formed by folding the base (1) on the sides and fixed with a side seam (4).

At the inner fold of the upper fold, the mask has an elastic band (6) forming a longitudinal gather in FIG. 1.

In the first embodiment, the elastic band (6) is sewn on the wrong side of the mask. In this design, the edges of the elastic band (6) additionally serve as barriers for the air travel.

In the second embodiment, the elastic band (6) is sewn on the face of the mask, which avoids contact of the skin with the surface of the band, preventing irritation, chafing and pinching. The elastic band (6) is coarser than the base (1), is in tension (stretched) and with prolonged use of the mask can damage the skin.

An elastic tape (6) is sewn to the base through all its layers (1). During use, when putting on the mask, one of the folds, the upper one, opens up, due to which the mask bends around the user's nose, FIG. 1 shaping the camera for the nose. The second fold, the lower one, opens up to form a chamber for the mouth. An elastic band (6) presses the base (1) to the user's face in the area of the nose base, preventing the cameras from merging into one. Thus, during intense physical activity, when inhaling through the nose, the user does not inhale viruses stuck on the surface of the mask when exhaling from the mouth of Fig. 1, and the combination of chambers into one is also excluded.

The mask according to any of the embodiments has on each side a mask attachment (3) to the user's head (5).

The fastening (3) is made of a flattened braid, including elastic, the edges of which are located inside the base layers and are fixed with a side seam (4). The attachment (3) can be made in the form of a loop in FIG. 2, or as the free ends of FIG. 3 with the possibility of forming a loop, with which the mask is attached to the ears (5.1) of the user (5).

Thus, the side seam of the right and left sides (4) fixes the folds and folds of the side edges of the base (1) inward and the edges of the attachment (3).

The elastic tape (6) Fig. 1. 2. 3 allows you to evenly distribute the base (1) when putting on the mask on the user (6) Figs 1-3 and fix the separation of the resulting cameras.

In the particular case of execution, the mask according to any of the options between the layers of the protective cloth (1) may have at least one additional layer - a filter, including a disinfectant or disinfectant.

The technical result consists in providing maximum protection of the user from dust, direct transmission of infectious particles from the wearer of the mask to other people and vice versa and / or protection of the user's face from large splashes from the outside by dividing the base of the mask into two chambers for the nose and mouth, avoiding skin irritation (used material), at a low cost (does not require special equipment and expensive materials for production in the manufacture, all connecting seams are made on one machine), in ease of use (does not require additional manipulations when dressing), in the possibility of reuse (washing and heat treatment ).

Brief Description of Drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a mask in use;

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the mask option 1 right view, rear view in section AA,

callout B, callout C;

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the mask option 2, front view, left side view in section D-D,

Callout E, Callout G

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - base;

1.1. - fold;

1.2 - outer layer;

1.3 - inner layer with an open cut;

1.4 - inner layer with a fold of the canvas;

2 - connecting seam;

3 - mount;

4 - side seam;

5 - user;

5.1 - ear;

6 - elastic tape:

Principle of operation.

The claimed mask for any of the options does not require additional devices for use and functions as follows.

The user (5) applies a mask on his face, covering his nose, mouth, chin, fixes it on the head with the help of fasteners (3), and puts them behind the ears (5.1). On one of the folds (1.1) -the upper one there is an elastic band, which allows you to evenly stretch the screen fabric (mask), forming two separate chambers for the nose and mouth, thereby tightly fitting to the face. The top fold opens and wraps around the user's nose to form a nose chamber. The second fold, the lower one, opens up to form the mouth chamber of FIG. 1. An elastic band fixes the separation of the mask base into cameras.

If necessary, the design of the mask allows for washing, heat treatment for the possibility of repeated use.

An experiment was carried out as part of the creation of this mask. The user performed the fitness exercise "squatting" with a repetition of 20 times, without a mask, in a spunbond mask, in a mask according to option 1 and option 2 of 6 layers of gauze and 8 layers of gauze.

The pulse was measured using a Xiaomi Mi Band 4 fitness bracelet, between approaches the pulse was restored to the resting value. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

state
user rest squats without a mask mask of
spunbond declared mask
option 1 declared mask
option 2 Pulse
(bpm) 73 101 123 6 layers 8 layers 6 layers 8 layers 105 108 106 110

The table shows that the declared mask practically does not affect the breathing of the user.

As a result, the claimed mask protects the wearer from dust, direct transmission of infectious particles from the wearer of the mask to other people and vice versa, and / or protects the wearer's face from large splashes from outside. At the same time, the developed mask is easy to use and does not require additional manipulations during the dressing process. It has a simple design that does not require special equipment and expensive materials for production, all joint seams can be made on one machine. Due to its design features, it eliminates skin irritation and does not impede the user's breathing. Allows, if necessary, to make manipulations for reuse, since the design and the material used, the methods of joining parts are able to withstand washing and heat treatment. Separate chambers for nose and mouth are provided.

Claims (10)

1. A protective mask, including a protective base having longitudinal folds and attachments on the sides, characterized in that two folds directed to one side are fixed with side seams, and on the fold of the upper fold, the base has an elastic tape on the wrong side to form a longitudinal gather. 2. The mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made of six layers of gauze and has two outer layers and four inner layers, two of which are with an open cut and two are formed by the fold of the fabric. 3. The mask of claim. 1, characterized in that the base is made of eight layers of gauze and has two outer layers and six inner layers, two of which are with a longitudinal cut and four are formed by the fold of the fabric. 4. The mask of claim. 1, characterized in that the fasteners are made in the form of a loop or in the form of free ends with the possibility of forming a loop, fixed by a side seam. 5. The mask according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an additional layer - a filter. 6. A protective mask, including a protective base having longitudinal folds and attachments on the sides, characterized in that two folds directed to one side are fixed by side seams, and in the fold of the upper fold, the base has an elastic tape on the front side to form a longitudinal gather. 5. The mask according to claim 5, characterized in that the base is made of six layers of gauze and has two outer layers and four inner layers: two of which are with an open cut and two are formed by the fold of the fabric. 6. The mask according to claim 5, characterized in that the base is made of eight layers of gauze and has two outer layers and six inner layers, two of which are with a longitudinal cut and four are formed by the fold of the web. 7. The mask according to claim 5, characterized in that the fasteners are made in the form of a loop or in the form of free ends with the possibility of forming a loop, fixed by a side seam. 8. The mask according to claim 5, characterized in that it has an additional layer - a filter.

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