RU2734481C1 - Bedder planter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machine building, particularly, to cultivated crop bed planting. Bedder planter comprises ridge formers fixed on the frame, sowing units, rollers. Ridgers comprise a stilt, a centre hoe, a dump and a bracket. Bracket is mounted on stilt. Bracket is rigidly secured to adjusting disc axis, and a control disc rotatable about its axis, an additional disc. Adjusting and additional discs have holes located at periphery at equal distance from their centre, and under additional disc there is rigidly fixed guide bracket with half-axle and blade. Blade is made flat and installed on half-axle with possibility of changing its position along height along stilt relative to cutting edges of centre hoe and angle of attack in horizontal plane, as well as fixation in the required position, wherein the dumps of each pair of ridge-forming devices are installed symmetrically relative to the line of sowed seeds at an angle, the aperture of which is directed towards the movement of the ridge seeder. Rollers comprise a frame, spherical discs, rolling rings, an axis, a bar with a spring and are located behind the riders. Ploughshares are installed in front of rid-toothed turners, including shovel, hoe blade, seed drill and head-to-grazer.

EFFECT: such a design of the ridge planter will make it possible to improve quality of sowing of tilled crops and formation of soil combs over the sown seeds.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to seed drills for ridge sowing of row crops.

Known ridge seeder [Ridge seeder. Patent RU No. 2334385. - Publ. September 27, 2008, Bul. No. 27], including the bed formers fixed on the frame, seeding devices in the form of hollow drums with plunger seed ejectors installed inside them, press rollers and disc harrowers. The seeding units are located inside the packer rollers. The press rollers have an elastic outer shell, and the plunger seed ejectors are connected to an elastic outer shell.

However, the known device has a number of disadvantages, which include:

- impossibility of sowing seeds and fertilizers at different depths in the same vertical plane;

- ingress of dry soil into the seed groove of cultivated plants, as a result of which the conditions for the seeds deteriorate;

- low quality of formed soil ridges;

- unsatisfactory sowing quality of row crops.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of sowing and the formation of soil ridges above the sown seeds.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the ridge formers contain a stand, a lancet share, a blade and a bracket. The bracket is mounted on a rack. An adjusting disc with an axle is rigidly fixed on the bracket. An additional disc is installed under the adjusting disc with the possibility of rotation around its axis. The adjusting and additional discs have holes located along the periphery at the same distance from their center, and under the additional disc a guide bracket with a semi-axle and a blade is rigidly fixed. The dump is made flat and installed on a semi-axle with the possibility of changing its position in height along the stand relative to the cutting edges of the duckfoot and the angle of attack in the horizontal plane, as well as fixing in the required position, and the dumps of each pair of ridge formers are installed symmetrically relative to the line of sown seeds at angles α, the solution of which is directed towards the movement of the ridge seeder. The press rollers contain a frame, spherical discs, press rings, an axle, a bar with a spring and are located behind the ridge formers, and the diameter d of the press rings has a size determined by the ratio

where h is the amount of soil crushing by the rolling rings, m;

r _kp - radius of the soil lump, m;

ϕ ₁ - angle of friction between the surfaces of the rolling ring and the soil lump, deg .;

ϕ ₂ - angle of friction between the surfaces of the soil lump and soil, deg.,

and the diameter of the spherical discs is respectively determined by the formula D = d + 2 (H + h ₂ ),

where H is the height of the soil ridge, m;

h ₂ - the depth of immersion of each spherical disc into the soil, m.

Openers are installed in front of the ridge formers. Each opener includes a tine, a duckfoot share, a seed tube. A knife is installed along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lancet paw in front of the rack, the front edge of which is sharpened. The rack is made hollow and installed along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the duckfoot paw. Between the wings of the lancet paw parallel to the cutting edges of the lancet paw wings, a plate in the form of an isosceles triangle is installed, the apex of which is directed towards the direction of movement of the lancet paw, and the sides are rigidly fixed with the inner sides of the lancet paw wings. A horizontal groove is made at the base of the plate in the form of an isosceles triangle. The seed tube is installed vertically along the axis of symmetry of the lancet paw above the horizontal slot of the plate, and a vertical slot is made on the back side of the lower part of the seed tube. On the continuation of the vertical axis of symmetry of the rack and coaxially with the rack, a tetrahedron-shaped soil deepener is installed and the sharp edge is directed in the direction of the opener movement. An outlet hole is made in the lower part of the soil deepener and directed in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener. A leveler, made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, is installed under the vas deferens, and is rigidly fixed with the lower part of the plate in the form of an isosceles triangle and the inner sides of the wings of the duckfoot paw, and the lower part of the leveler is deflected in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener.

FIG. 1 shows a top view of a ridge seeder, FIG. 2 - the same, side view, in Fig. 3 - ridge former, side view, Fig. 4 - ridge former, top view, Fig. 5 is a cross-section of the comb former along the line A-A, in Fig. 6 - opener, side view, in Fig. 7 - opener, top view, in Fig. 8 - opener, rear view, in Fig. 9 is a cross-section of a soil deepener along the line BB.

The ridge seeder contains a frame 1, seeding devices 2 and press rollers 3. On the frame 1, in each seeding section, ridge formers 4 are installed.

Each ridge former 4 contains a stand 5, a knife-like stand 6, a duckfoot 7. A bracket 8 is installed on the stand 5. An adjusting disk 9 with an axis 10 is rigidly fixed on the bracket 8. An additional disk 11 is installed under the adjusting disk 9 with the possibility of turning around its axis. the disc 9 and the additional disc 11 have holes 12 located along the periphery at the same distance from their center. Under the additional disk 11, a guide bracket 13 with a semi-axle 14 and a dozer 15 is rigidly fixed. The semi-shaft 14 is installed in a guide bracket 13. A cylindrical body 16 with a bearing 17 is fixed on the moldboard 15. The dump 15 is flat and, by means of a bearing 17, is mounted on the semi-axis 14 with the possibility of rotation around its axis, changing its position along the height along the rack 5 relative to the cutting edges of the duckfoot 7 and changing the angle of attack in the horizontal plane. The required position of the blade 15 in height relative to the cutting edges of the duckfoot paw 7 is set by moving the axle shaft 14 together with the blade 15 in the groove of the guide bracket 13 and fixed with a nut 18 screwed onto the threaded part of the axle shaft 14. The required angle of installation of the blade 15 is set by rotating the additional disk 11 together with the guide bracket 13 and semi-axle 14 around the axis 10 of the adjusting disk 9 and is fixed in the required position by the bolt 19 inserted into one of the holes 12. The dumps 15 of each pair of ridge formers 4 are installed symmetrically relative to the line of sown seeds at angles α, the solution of which is directed towards the movement of the ridge seeder ...

The press rollers 3 on the frame 1 of the bed seeder are fixed by means of brackets 20.

The press rollers 3 contain a composite frame consisting of side beams 21, longitudinal beams 22 and transverse beams 23 and 24. On the side beams 21, with a bulge to the axis of symmetry of the roller, spherical disks 25 are installed, having the ability to change the angle of installation to the direction of movement of the ridge seeder together with the side beams 21, which are fixed in the desired position of the cross beam 23 by means of locking bolts 26 inserted into the holes 27. Axle 28 is installed on the longitudinal beams 22. On the axle 28 there are press rings 29 freely rotating on it. The press rollers 3 also contain a bar 30 s spring 31. The press rollers 3 are located behind the bed formers 4, with the possibility of changing their position in the vertical plane and regulating the pressure on the soil by means of the spring 31, and the longitudinal axes of symmetry of the press rollers 3 coincide with the line of the sown seeds. The diameter d of the press rings 29 has a size determined by the ratio

where h is the amount of soil crushing by the rolling rings, m;

r _kp - radius of the soil lump, m;

ϕ ₁ - angle of friction between the surfaces of the rolling ring and the soil lump, deg .;

ϕ ₂ - angle of friction between the surfaces of the soil lump and soil, deg.,

and the diameter of the spherical discs is respectively determined by the formula D = d + 2 (H + h ₂ ),

where H is the height of the soil ridge, m;

h ₂ - the depth of immersion of each spherical disc into the soil, m.

Openers 32 are installed in front of the ridge formers 4. Each opener 32 includes a stand 33, a lancet share 34, a seed tube 35. A knife 36 is installed along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lancet share 34 in front of the stand 33 in front of the stand 33, the front edge of which is sharpened. The stand 33 is made hollow and is installed along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the duckfoot paw 34. Between the wings of the duckfoot paw 34, parallel to the cutting edges of the wings of the duckfoot paw 34, a plate 37 in the form of an isosceles triangle is installed, the top of which is directed towards the direction of movement of the duckfoot paw 34, and is rigidly fixed with the sides a horizontal groove 38 is made at the base of the plate 37 in the form of an isosceles triangle. The seed tube 35 is installed vertically along the axis of symmetry of the pointed foot 34 above the horizontal groove 38 of the plate 37, and a vertical groove 39 is made on the back side of the lower part of the seed tube 35. On the continuation of the vertical axis of symmetry of the rack 33 and coaxially with the rack 33, a tetrahedron-shaped soil deepener 40 is installed and its sharp edge is directed towards the direction of movement of the opener 32. An outlet 41 is made in the lower part of the soil deepener 40 and is directed in the direction opposite to the direction movement of the opener 32. Under the seed tube 35, a leveler 42 is installed, made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and rigidly fixed with the lower part of the plate 37 in the form of an isosceles triangle and the inner sides of the wings of the duckfoot paw 34, and the lower part of the leveler 42 is deflected in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener 32.

A hopper 43 for seeds and fertilizers and fertilizer dispensers 44 are also installed on the frame 1 of the ridge seeder. The sowing devices 2 are connected by corrugated seed pipes 45 with steel seed pipes 35 of the coulters 32. The fertilizer dispensers 44 are connected by corrugated fertilizer pipes 46 with racks 33 of the coulters 32.

вычисляют необходимый диаметр прикатывающих колец 29 и устанавливают их на прикатывающие катки 3. Например, угол ϕ₁ - 20…24° для чернозема, а угол ϕ₂=48° [Зыкин Е.С. Способ посева пропашных культур с разработкой катка-гребнеобразователя. Дисс. … канд. техн. наук. - Пенза, 2007. - 181 с.]. Тогда при r_кп=0,03 м и h=(0,04…0,05) м, диаметр прикатывающих колец составит d=0,25 м.Ridge seeder works as follows. Preliminarily, with the help of sowing devices 2, the required seeding rate of seeds is set, and of fertilizer sowing devices 44 - the required rate of fertilization. Set the required depth of the coulters 32. Depending on the required dimensions of the soil ridge (the height of the ridge of the soil H, the width of the upper base B and the angle of repose at the ridge of the soil) above the sown seeds, set the required depth of movement of the winged paws 7 and the depth of immersion of the dumps 15 into the soil, as well as the required angles of attack a of the dumps 15 to the direction of movement of the ridge seeder. By compressing the springs 31, the required pressure of the press rollers 3 is set on the formed tubercle of soil. Depending on the diameter (maximum size) of soil clods on the surface of the field before sowing, according to the expression

calculate the required diameter of the press rings 29 and install them on the press rollers 3. For example, the angle ϕ ₁ - 20 ... 24 ° for black soil, and the angle ϕ ₂ = 48 ° [Zykin E.S. The method of sowing row crops with the development of a roller-bed former. Diss. ... Cand. tech. sciences. - Penza, 2007. - 181 p.]. Then, at r _kn = 0.03 m and h = (0.04 ... 0.05) m, the diameter of the rolling rings will be d = 0.25 m.

Accordingly, the diameter of the spherical discs is determined by the formula D = d + 2 (H + h ₂ ). For example, d = 0.25 m (calculated above), H = 0.08 m, h ₂ = 0.03 m (according to experimental studies in laboratory and field conditions on chernozem soils with soil moisture 19 ... 23%). Then D = 0.25 + 2 (0.08 + 0.03) = 0.47 m.

During the movement of the bed seeder, the duckfoot share 34 loosens the topsoil and cuts weeds. Knife 36, the front edge of which is sharpened, additionally crumbles the layer of soil raised by the lancet paw 34, and prevents the soil from unloading in front of the rack 33. Fertilizers are sown by the fertilizer dispensers 44 of the ridge seeder and, by means of fertilizer lines 46, direct them into the inner cavity of the rack 33. The subsoiler 40 is in the form of a tetrahedron , with a sharp edge directed towards the direction of movement of the opener 32, forms a groove under the duckfoot 34. An outlet 41 is made in the lower part of the trench 40 and is directed in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener 32. Fertilizers are placed to the required depth in the furrow.

The leveler 42, installed under the seed tube 35 in the inner space of the duckfoot share 34, and made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and the lower part of the leveler 42 is deflected in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener 32, displaces the soil from the extreme points of the wings of the duckfoot share 34 to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lancet paws 34, thereby filling the furrow with fertilizers and forming a compacted bed for placing seeds on it.

The seeds are sown by the sowing device 2 of the ridge seeder, from which they enter the seed pipe 35 and through the horizontal groove 38 of the plate 37 and the vertical groove 39 exit the seed pipe 35 and fall on the wet bed formed by the duckfoot paw 34. The soil layer coming off the wings of the duckfoot paw 34, moves along plate 37 in the form of an isosceles triangle and evenly covers the sown seeds.

Next, the following ridge formers 4 with dumps 15 sprinkle the seeds with a loose and heated layer of soil, shifted from the row spacings, thereby forming a soil tubercle above the sown seeds of the required size. The press rollers 3 roll over the formed soil bumps, copying their relief, and compact: spherical discs 25, mounted with a convex side to the axis of symmetry of the press roller 3 for more uniform soil compaction, together with the press rings 29 and due to the pressure of the spring 31 - form a soil ridge , sealing it on three sides. At the same time, the press rings 29 destroy soil lumps in the zone of their rotation on the upper base of the soil ridge and simultaneously compact the top of the soil ridge, and the spherical disks 25 compact the sides of the soil tubercle and finally form the soil ridge of the required dimensions and density.

The installation along the axis of symmetry of the duckfoot paw 34 of the knife 36, the front edge of which is sharpened, makes it possible to exclude unloading of the soil in front of the rack 33 (as is the case with serial duckfoot paws), and evenly direct the flow of the cut soil layer to the plate 37.

The execution of the plate 37 in the form of an isosceles triangle and its installation between the wings of the duckfoot paw 34 parallel to the cutting edges of the wings of the duckfoot paw 34, and the top of the plate 37 directed towards the direction of movement of the duckfoot paw 34, makes it possible to exclude the instantaneous descent of the undercut soil layer from the wings of the duckfoot paw 34 and hit it into the groove along with the seeds of cultivated plants.

The execution in the plate 37 of the horizontal groove 38 and the installation of the seed tube 33 vertically above the horizontal slot 38, as well as the execution of the vertical groove 39 on the back side of the lower part of the seed tube 35, is guaranteed to exclude clogging of the outlet of the seed tube 35, which directly affects the quality of sowing crops.

Making the stand 33 hollow and installing it along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the duckfoot paw 34 allows for sowing fertilizers in the same vertical plane with the seeds of cultivated plants.

Installation on the continuation of the vertical axis of symmetry of the rack 33 and coaxially to the rack 33 of the soil deepener 40, allows you to form a groove below the line of subsequent placement of seeds of cultivated plants.

The execution of the soil deepener 40 in the form of a tetrahedron, the sharp edge of which is directed towards the direction of movement of the opener 32, makes it possible to ensure that the outlet opening 41 of the soil deepener 40 is not clogged, which directly affects the quality of sowing of agricultural crops.

Installation of a leveler 42 under the seed tube 35, made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and rigidly fixed to the lower part of the plate 37 in the form of an isosceles triangle and the inner sides of the wings of the duckfoot paw 34, and the lower part of the leveler 42 is deflected in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener 32, allows simultaneously sprinkle with soil the fertilizers laid in the furrow and form a compacted bed for laying the seeds of cultivated plants.

Improving the sowing quality is achieved by installing the soil deepener 40 and the seed tube 35 in such a way that their outlets are spaced from each other at a distance equal to the required difference in the depth of seeding of seeds and fertilizers, which also allows the seeds and fertilizers to fit well into the soil in the same vertical plane. , but at different heights.

Simultaneous execution of the operations of loosening the soil, pruning weeds, sowing fertilizers and seeds allows you to minimize the number of separate operations that contribute to frequent mixing of the soil and, thus, reduce the evaporation of soil moisture.

The execution of the bed formers 4 in the form of duckfoot paws 7 with dumps 15 fixed on the frame 1 in a staggered manner and the installation of dumps 15 of each pair of bed formers 4 symmetrically relative to the line of sown seeds at angles α, the solution of which is directed towards the movement of the bed seeder - allows the formation of soil ridges above sown seeds of the required size.

The presence of 4 press rollers 3 located behind the ridge former, containing a composite frame, spherical discs 25, an axle 28, press rings 29, a bar 30 with a spring 31, with the ability to change the position of the press roller 3 in the vertical plane and regulate its pressure on the soil, as well as change the angle of attack of the spherical discs 25 to the direction of movement of the ridge seeder, improves the quality of the formation of the soil ridges above the sown seeds, by bringing the soil density in the ridge to the required value, since the soil tubercle formed above the sown seeds by the ridge formers 4 is compacted by the press rollers 3 from three sides with the necessary pressure, contributing to the preservation of the shape of the finally formed soil ridges throughout the growing season. This improves the quality of sowing and improves the temperature regime, water and air conditions for plant development.

позволит прикатывающим кольцам 29 эффективно разрушить комки почвы.Preliminary calculation of the required diameter d of the pressing rings 29 depending on the maximum size of soil clods located on the surface of the field, according to the expression

will allow the press rings 29 to effectively break up soil clods.

The corresponding calculation of the required diameter D of the spherical discs according to the formula D = d + 2 (H + h ₂ ) will make it possible to select the spherical discs to form the required height H of the soil ridges.

Thus, the surface of the field after sowing will meet the agrotechnical requirements for sowing agricultural crops.

Claims (11)

Ridge seeder, which includes bed formers fixed on the frame, seeding devices, press rollers, characterized in that the bed formers contain a rack, a duckfoot share, a blade and a bracket, the bracket is mounted on a rack, an adjusting disc with an axis is rigidly fixed on the bracket, under the adjusting disc with the possibility of rotation an additional disk is installed around its axis, the adjusting and additional disks have holes located along the periphery at the same distance from their center, and under the additional disk a guide bracket with an axle shaft and a blade is rigidly fixed, the blade is flat and installed on the axle shaft with the ability to change its position along height along the rack relative to the cutting edges of the duckfoot share and the angle of attack in the horizontal plane, as well as fixing in the required position, and the dumps of each pair of ridge formers are installed symmetrically relative to the line of sown seeds at angles α, the solution of which is directed to st On the side of the ridge seeder, the press rollers contain a frame, spherical discs, press rings, an axle, a bar with a spring and are located behind the bed formers, and the diameter d of the press rings has a size determined by the ratio

where h ₁ is the amount of soil crushing by the rolling rings, m; r _kp - radius of the soil lump, m; ϕ ₁ - angle of friction between the surfaces of the rolling ring and the soil lump, deg .; ϕ ₂ - angle of friction between the surfaces of the soil lump and soil, deg., and the diameter of the spherical discs is respectively determined by the formula D = d + 2 (H + h ₂ ), where H is the height of the soil ridge, m; h ₂ - the depth of immersion of each spherical disc into the soil, m, coulters are installed in front of the ridge formers, each opener contains a stand, a lancet share, a seed tube, along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lancet share, in front of the stand there is a knife, the front edge of which is sharpened, the stand is hollow and installed along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the lancet share, between the wings of the lancet a plate in the form of an isosceles triangle is installed parallel to the cutting edges of the wings of the lancet paw, the apex of which is directed towards the direction of movement of the lancet paw, and the sides are rigidly fixed to the inner sides of the wings of the lancet paw, a horizontal groove is made at the base of the plate in the form of an isosceles triangle, the vas deferens is installed vertically along the symmetry axis of the duckfoot paw above the horizontal groove of the plate, and a vertical groove is made on the back side of the lower part of the vas deferens, on the continuation of the vertical axis of symmetry of the rack and coaxially to the rack, there is a trencher in the form of a tetrahedron the sharp edge is directed towards the direction of movement of the opener, an outlet is made in the lower part of the furrower and is directed to the side opposite to the direction of movement of the opener, a leveler is installed under the seed tube, made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, and rigidly fixed with the lower part of the plate in the form of an isosceles triangle and internal the sides of the wings of the duckfoot share, and the lower part of the leveler is deflected in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the opener.

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