RU2728968C1 - Method for automatic disengagement of automatic couplings of moving cars and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to special track devices operating with cars at their detaching on marshalling humps. According to the invention, a trolley is used, which is placed inside the railway track with the possibility of movement along the track axis directly under automatic couplings, the sequence of sets of cars and number of cars in the sets are determined, strategy of detaching is selected with account of humping, maximum speed of truck, maximum acceleration and deceleration of truck, as well as minimum distance from detaching automatic coupler to hump crest. When detaching train approaches to automatic disengagement position, coordinates of required automatic coupling and value and direction of bogie required speed are determined so that bogie and automatic coupling meet at calculated point. When the car moves, the automatic coupling image is recognized, number of automatic couplings passed, which the bogie must pass without stopping, and when approaching the specified automatic coupler, the bogie speed with the composition is equalized, the bogie is guided exactly opposite the required automatic coupler to guide the manipulator fork to the automatic coupling chain. Manipulator fork extends, grasps the chain, turns and makes a disengage. Further, the manipulator is returned to the initial position, and in case of unsuccessful attempt of disengagement it is possible to disengage through the second automatic coupling in engagement with the first one.EFFECT: as a result, the manipulator has a minimum overhang, a stiffer structure and convenient guidance on the automatic coupler, eliminates a large manipulator arm, simplifies the kinematic circuit, increases response speed of the grip plug by optimizing its trajectory.5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The method of automatic uncoupling of automatic couplings of moving cars and the device for its implementation (hereinafter - the uncoupling device) refers to the railway technology, and specifically to special track devices that work with cars when they are dismantled on humps.

According to the prior art, a decoupling device refers to a set of devices for automatic decoupling of cars, for example, freight cars of a railway train when sliding onto a hump in the process of breaking a train.

This proposal is industrially applicable, since in the design of the release device, structural elements, methods and techniques known in the world technology were used.

From information on the prior art of existing similar devices known "Device for automatic uncoupling of automatic couplings of moving cars" RU No. 2410262 from 24.11.2009, containing the actuator and the search mechanism.

The actuator is mounted on the automatic coupler body and is made in the form of a large and small holders of a power element in the form of a hollow cylinder made of shape memory alloy, with an electric heater covering it and two return springs.

The search mechanism is made in the form of an elastic conductive rod with a deflection limiter, which is located on the collector platform installed in the lower part of the tail of the automatic coupler. An elastic conductive rod on one side interacts with the platform, on the other hand it is connected to a power source through a key.

The disadvantage of this device is low reliability due to the large number of parts interacting with each other in a short period of time. In addition, the disadvantages of this solution include the need to make changes to the existing design of the coupler, which can negatively affect the reliability of the coupler itself.

A similar technical solution is known for the device "Auto-uncoupling system of cars on a marshalling yard" RU No. 2450946 of 14.12.2010. The system contains a carriage made with the possibility of moving relative to the cars to be uncoupled. A manipulator and an optoelectronic system are installed on the carriage, the signals of which are used to determine the speed and coordinates of the release unit. The optoelectronic system contains a digital TV camera, a computer and an image processing unit. In addition, the system contains a speed meter and an axis counter connected by communication channels with a computer.

This technical solution is an analogue, refers to systems that do not require additional equipment for cars. Systems that do not require additional equipment for cars can be divided into two classes: stationary devices and mobile devices.

For reliable uncoupling, the roller of the automatic coupler lift must not only be turned, but also held in the uncoupled position for 0.15-0.2 s. At a thrust speed of 2 m / s, during this time the car will travel 0.3-0.4 m and the device will lose contact with the automatic coupler.

Mobile devices acting on the uncoupling drive, unlike stationary ones, allow uncoupling of cars at higher thrust speeds. This is due to the fact that the difference between the speeds of the decoupling device and the cars being pushed on is equal to zero, and all uncoupling operations are carried out as if in a static state.

The system, analogous to the proposed technical solution, works as follows.

Based on the data of the sorting sheet, before the start of the thrust, the computer generates a program for breaking up the train, which determines the sequence of cuts and the number of cars in the cuts. The same program develops a decoupling strategy that takes into account the thrust speed, the maximum carriage speed, the maximum carriage acceleration and deceleration, as well as the minimum distance from the uncoupled coupler to the hump for reliable uncoupling.

When the train to open up approaches the position where the system is located, the axle counter located nearby on the way counts the axles and transmits this information to the on-board computer of the corresponding carriage. The computer calculates the coordinates of the required automatic coupler and the value and direction of the required speed of movement of the carriage so that the meeting of the carriage and the automatic coupler occurs at the calculated point of the path.

After that, the on-board computer sends a signal to the engine control unit for moving the carriage to the start of movement. The carriage starts moving towards the calculated meeting point with the required coupler.

An optoelectronic system, consisting of a digital video camera and a computer, installed on the carriage, receives a continuous image of a moving carriage and recognizes the image of the automatic coupler, to which it is necessary to move this carriage. Then it calculates the number of automatic couplings (cars), past which the carriage should proceed without stopping, and when approaching the set automatic coupler, it issues a signal to align the speed of the carriage and the train. The carriage starts moving at the advancing speed. A digital video camera mounted on the carriage captures the image of the desired coupler and issues signals to aim the carriage exactly opposite the desired coupler, and then, to aim the manipulator fork on the coupler chain. The manipulator fork extends, grabs the chain, turns and retracts to its original position. The on-board computer issues a command to turn the fork and return it to its original position. The decoupling has been completed. The on-board computer issues a command to the carriage control unit to brake the carriage and move it back to its original position for the next release.

The on-board computer receives a signal from a speed meter installed behind the hump, and from a speed meter installed on the thrust path, it compares the cut and thrust speeds, and issues a signal about valid or failed tripping. In the latter case, it gives a signal to the driver of the hump locomotive.

This technical solution served as an analogue to the proposed release device.

The disadvantage of the design of the selected analogue is that when the manipulator is installed on a carriage that moves along an adjacent additional path, the distance from the grab of the manipulator to the release chain of the automatic coupler lift roller of the uncoupled car is too large - more than half the width of the car. Such a geometric scheme is not optimal, since, due to the large console, the design of the manipulator becomes cumbersome and heavy, which will negatively affect the speed and accuracy of the uncoupling operation performed. In addition, in the event of an unsuccessful uncoupling attempt, it is not possible to uncouple from the other side through the second automatic coupler, which is in engagement with the first.

In the proposed method of uncoupling, a bogie with a manipulator (hereinafter referred to as bogie) is used, which is placed inside the railway track with the possibility of movement along the axis of the track directly under the automatic couplings in the size of the undercarriages, the sequence of cuts and the number of cars in the cuts are determined, the decoupling strategy is selected taking into account the speed of thrust, maximum speed bogie, maximum acceleration and deceleration of the bogie, as well as the minimum distance from the uncoupled automatic coupler to the hump of the hill, when the uncoupling train approaches the position of automatic uncoupling, the coordinates of the required automatic coupler and the required travel speed and direction of movement of the bogie are determined so that the bogie and the automatic coupler meet at the calculated point, when the car is moving, the image of the automatic coupler is recognized, the number of automatic couplers is calculated, past which the bogie should proceed without stopping, and when approaching the given automatic coupler, it performs When the speed of the bogie is aligned with the train, the bogie is positioned exactly opposite the desired automatic coupler to guide the fork of the manipulator to the automatic coupler chain, the fork of the manipulator extends, grabs the chain, turns and releases, then the manipulator returns to its original position.

The proposed method and constructive scheme make it possible to perform a manipulator with a minimum overhang, a more rigid structure and convenient guidance to the automatic coupler with the ability to disengage through any of the two couplers that are in engagement. The manipulator has two positions:

- transport, folded in the size of the undercarriages when moving under the cars to the uncoupled automatic coupler;

- working, extended when aiming and uncoupling automatic couplings.

The manipulator is installed on a bogie with a drive, which ensures the movement of the bogie along the train in both directions at the section of the car thrusting, with the bogie wheels resting on the inner edge of the rail foot. It is also possible to set your own track for the bogie inside the main railway track.

The technical result of the developed method and device is the ability to decouple moving cars from one another without the physical participation of a person.

Qualitative indicators when using the proposed technical solution are:

- compactness of the device (no additional space is needed for installation, everything is located inside the railway track);

- elimination of the large manipulator console;

- simplification of the kinematic diagram of the manipulator;

- increasing the response speed of the gripper (fork) by optimizing the trajectory of its (her) movement;

- improving the conditions for pointing the manipulator fork to the release chain of the automatic coupler lift roller.

As a consequence of the achieved technical result, a socially beneficial effect when using the proposed design of the decoupling device is the elimination of hazardous factors associated with a person being in the immediate vicinity of moving cars, which poses a threat to his life and health, that is, an improvement in working conditions is provided. In addition, it creates an opportunity to place a person for control functions in the room, to provide more comfortable working conditions even under adverse climatic conditions (rain, snow, wind), which will reduce fatigue and contribute to an increase in labor productivity.

The technical result from the use of the proposed method and release device is achieved due to the special design of the device, which includes:

Trolley - 1, Large manipulator arm - 2, Small manipulator arm - 3, Opto-electronic system - 4, Release chain of the automatic coupler lift roller - 5, Support wheel of the trolley - 6, Inner edge of the rail foot as a guide surface for trolley movement - 7. Technical the essence of the proposed design and its structure is illustrated by the drawing of FIG. 1, 2 (Working position), Fig. 3 (Cross-section of the device in working position), FIG. 4 (Support wheel), Fig. 5 (Cross-section of the device in the folded transport position).

In the proposed design, the bogie 1, which has its own drive, can move inside the railway track in two directions. A manipulator is installed on the trolley 1, which has a large lever - 2 and a small lever - 3, as well as an optical-electronic system - 4.

The order of operation of the proposed device in accordance with the described uncoupling method is that after receiving the data of the sorting sheet, the sequence of cuts and the number of cars in cuts are determined and the bogie from the initial position after the start of breaking up moves to the first decoupling.

The proposed release device operates on the thrust section in front of the hump of the hill on the rise (Fig. 1, the angle of rise - α °). The length of the thrust section is 70-80 m.In the initial position, the bogie is at the beginning of the thrust section and after the start of dissolution, at the design moment, it begins to accelerate towards the required automatic coupler, at the right moment the speed of the car and the bogie is equalized, after which the manipulator fork is guided to the release chain automatic coupler lift roller - 5, chain capture, fork rotation at a certain angle, short-term delay for uncoupling. Then, in reverse order - turning the fork by the same angle in the opposite direction, disengaging it and folding the small - 3 and large - 4 manipulator levers (Fig. 2) into the transport position (Fig. 5) and return the cart to its original position, or to the next coupler in accordance with the sorting sheet plan.

To ensure the movement of the bogie inside the track, special rail fasteners are used (Fig. 3), allowing to place the bogie wheel supports, and the bogie dimensions in the transport position are made in accordance with GOST 9238-2013. Thus, the support wheels of the bogie - 6 roll along the inner edge of the rail foot - 7 (Fig. 4).

Claims (5)

1. A method for automatic uncoupling of automatic couplings of moving cars on a marshalling hump with a bogie made with the ability to move relative to the cars to be uncoupled, characterized in that a bogie is used, placed inside the railway track with the ability to move along the axis of the track directly under the automatic couplings in the size of the undercar devices, the sequence is determined of cuts and the number of cars in cuts, choose a decoupling strategy taking into account the thrust speed, the maximum bogie speed, the maximum acceleration and deceleration of the bogie, as well as the minimum distance from the uncoupled automatic coupler to the hump of the hill, when the uncoupled train approaches the position of automatic decoupling, the coordinates of the required automatic coupler are determined and the value of the required speed of movement and the direction of movement of the bogie so that the meeting of the bogie and the automatic coupler occurs at the calculated point, when the car is moving, the image of the automatic coupler is recognized, the number of automatic couplings is read, past which the trolley must proceed without stopping, and when approaching a given automatic coupler, the speed of the trolley with the train is aligned, the trolley is guided exactly opposite the desired automatic coupler to guide the manipulator fork onto the automatic coupler chain, the manipulator fork extends, grabs the chain, turns and produces release, then the manipulator is returned to its original position. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the control is carried out using software. 3. A device for automatic uncoupling of automatic couplings of moving cars on a marshalling hump, made on a bogie located inside a railway track with the ability to move along the axis of the track directly under the automatic couplings, on which a manipulator and an optical-electronic system are located, the signals of which are used to determine the speed and coordinates of the disconnect node relative to the manipulator. 4. The device according to claim. 3, characterized in that the trolley with the manipulator is made with support wheels that can roll along the inner edge of the rail foot. 5. The device according to claim. 3, characterized in that the manipulator is made with large and small levers, allowing to optimize the trajectory of movement of the gripper fork with the ability to uncouple the cars through any of the two couplers that are in engagement.

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