RU2728085C1 - Detonation layout, initiated by laser radiation, and light-sensitive explosive composition for initiation of detonation routing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: area of use is blasting operations, in particular design of explosive devices. Task: development of safe and simple detonation routing (DR), in which factors reducing its safety and reliability of DR actuation are minimized. Concept of the invention is as follows: in contrast to the prototype structure, in which the DR, including the housing and the detonation transmission channels equipped with the secondary explosives (SE), with the initiated channel part, the detonation wave source (DW) and the pulse source for the detonation wave source activation, according to the invention, the DW source is located in the initiated part of the detonation transmission channel, wherein the DW source is made from the light-sensitive explosive based on the secondary explosive substance (ES) and is tightly packed in the detonation channel initiation channel body, pulse source for actuation of detonation wave source is made in the form of laser radiation source. Besides, laser radiation source is interconnected with DW source by means of fiber-optic cable. Besides, the laser radiation source is connected to the DW source directly. Besides, the laser radiation source is installed with a gap relative to the DW source. Composition of photosensitive explosive based on secondary explosive for initiation of initiated section of detonation transfer channel excited by external laser radiation source, wherein according to the invention as a secondary explosive contains highly dispersive RDX or HMX or aprol with a packing density in channel from 0.8 to 1.1 g/cm³ and a specific surface area from 4000 to 20000 cm²/g, and the filler used is nanodispersed aluminum powder with average particle size of 50–200 nm and a weight ratio of 0.5–7 %.

EFFECT: technical result is increase in reliability and safety when DR is involved and its operation due to increased chronometric accuracy of DR operation.

5 cl, 4 ex, 1 tbl, 3 dwg

Description

The described invention relates to the field of blasting operations, in particular to the construction of explosive devices.

The urgency of the problem being solved is based on the need to eliminate instability factors due to the complexity of traditional explosive devices and the danger of explosions due to the presence of means of initiation of increased danger, which include, for example, electric detonators, which are sensitive, among other things, to unauthorized influences (shock, shock -wave, mechanical and electromagnetic impulses). In addition, the insufficiently high reliability of a traditional system consists of the instability of the operation of individual devices of its components. Therefore, the more devices in the system, the lower the chronometric accuracy of its operation. Accordingly, the exclusion of ED from the system leads to an increase in its chronometric accuracy.

Known detonation wiring device (DR), designed to generate a blast wave (US patent No. 3430563, IPC F42B 3/093, publ. 03/04/1969), which contains a flexible plastic housing in the form of a matrix with detonation channels having a common origin in the center of the matrix is the center point. The center point is connected through a separate channel to the initiation point located on the outside of the body. Detonation is excited at the point of initiation from an external electric detonator (ED), after which it is transmitted to the central point. From it, the detonation is distributed through other channels and leaves the device simultaneously in a large number of points.

The disadvantages of the analogue include the increased sensitivity of the electric detonator to unauthorized influences, the significant complexity of the design due to multiple connections and elements, and, as a consequence, insufficiently high reliability.

A detonation wiring device (DR) for the formation of a blast wave (RF patent No. 2415370 IPC F42B 3/10, 03/27/2011) is selected as a prototype, which provides a simultaneous multi-point output of the blast wave from the detonation channels. The propagation of detonation along the channels occurs from a central point located in the center of the matrix. Detonation is initiated from an external electric detonator at a point located on the outer side of the DR body. Detonation is transferred from the initiation point to the central point through a separate channel installed with a gap in relation to the matrix surface.

The disadvantage of the known devices is that for the initiation of detonation at the point of initiation, it is proposed to use an additional external device - an electric detonator, which, when triggered, can damage the body and channels of the matrix and affect the reliability of its operation. With increased safety requirements, detonation channels and an electric detonator must be made of secondary explosives. In this case, to excite detonation in the EM, it is necessary to use a powerful high-voltage electrical pulse, which becomes a strong source of electromagnetic interference. This impulse can become an insurmountable electromagnetic interference for the operation of electronic devices operating in the immediate vicinity of the DR and used to control and monitor the operation of the DR. To generate such a pulse, large and expensive blasting installations (PU) are required. In addition, when the EM is triggered, a shock effect occurs on the DR body, which reduces the reliability of its operation. High-voltage EM based on secondary explosives are expensive devices, as well as systems based on them. The use of ED increases the dimensions of the system and its weight and complicates the design.

The task of the authors of the invention is to develop a safe and simple detonation wiring (DD), in which factors that reduce the safety and reliability of the DD operation are minimized.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to ensure the possibility of increasing the safety of an explosive device, the reliability of its operation by increasing the chronometric accuracy of the operation of the DR, simplifying the design.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the function to excite detonation in the detonation transmission channel is shifted from the EM to the channel itself, in the initiated part of which is placed a detonation pulse source made of a photosensitive explosive.

Unlike the design of the prototype, in which a detonation device, including a housing and detonation transmission channels, equipped with secondary explosives (explosives), with an initiated part of the channel, a detonation wave (DW) source, and a pulse source for activating a detonation wave source, according to the invention, a detonation source is placed in the initiated part of the detonation transmission channel, while the source of explosives is made of a photosensitive explosive based on a secondary explosive (explosive) and is tightly packed in the body of the initiating part of the detonation transmission channel, the pulse source for activating the detonation wave source is made in the form of a laser radiation source.

In addition, the source of laser radiation is connected to the source of DW by means of a fiber-optic cable.

In addition, the laser radiation source is directly connected to the DW source.

In addition, the laser radiation source is installed with a gap relative to the DW source. An initiator based on a photosensitive secondary explosive is known as an analogue of the claimed composition for a detonation wave source (RF patent No. 2427786, IPC F42B 3/113, 08/27/2011), in which the explosive is made in the form of pressed to a density of 0.9-1.1 g / cm ³ material from a mixture of highly dispersed PETN with a specific surface area of 4000-20000 cm ² / g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm, with a ratio of ingredients (mass fractions) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively.

The disadvantages of the known initiator of a detonation pulse include a relatively high hazard and insufficiently selective sensitivity to the initiated pulse.

As for the photosensitive BB triggered channel portion serves DR-based composition of the secondary explosive RDX in its finely divided form in the channel packing density of 0.8 to 1.1 g / cm ³ and a specific surface area from 4000 to 20000 cm ² /g.V used as the filler powder nanodispersed aluminum with an average particle size from 50 to 200 nm and a mass fraction in the composition from 0.5 to 10%.

The advantages of using a composition based on RDX include higher selective sensitivity to laser radiation, power and thermal stability than its analog.

The proposed invention is illustrated as follows.

The components of a photosensitive explosive based on a secondary explosive (for example, RDX, HMX, aprol) in the indicated ranges of ratios to obtain a given level of characteristics were selected based on the results of experimental studies of control explosive samples. The increased selective sensitivity of explosives to LR is achieved due to the use of nanodispersed aluminum and explosives in the manufacture of the composition at the stated dispersion and ratio of mass fractions, as well as the density of its packing in the DR channel. It has been shown experimentally that the choice of the ratios of the components of the explosive composition outside the stated ranges of values makes it impossible to use it in the claimed device due to a significant deterioration in characteristics (selective sensitivity to LI, manufacturability, reliability of DR operation).

When the source of a LW-initiated channel part has been used a mechanical seal method pulverulent photosensitive BB with a specific surface of 4000 cm ² / g to 20,000 cm ² / g and a packing density in the channel from 0.8 to 1.1 g / cm ^3.

The proposed composition of the photosensitive explosive was included in the design of the DR and showed high efficiency and reliability when triggered during operation. In the course of experimental tests, it was shown that the instability of the response time was reduced in the absence of a complex system, which is inherent in structures with an electric detonator, while in the proposed DR, where a high-voltage EM was excluded from the system, both the efficiency and chronometric accuracy of the device were obtained, which formed the basis increased reliability.

FIG. 1 shows a general diagram of the proposed DR, where 1 - housing, 2 - detonation transmission channels, 3 - DR units, 4 - initiated part of the channel, 5 - laser radiation transmission channel, 6 - detonation wave (DW) exit points, 7 - DW source from a photosensitive explosive.

FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a fragment of the DR model, where 1 is the housing, 2 are the detonation supply channels, 4 is the initiated part of the channel, 5 is the laser radiation supply channel 6a, 6b are the points of control of the operating time of the DR channel, 7 is the location of the DW source from the experimental photosensitive BB (or ED), 8 - to the source of laser radiation.

FIG. 3 shows a graphical dependence of the threshold energy density of the initiation of LI (Q) of a photosensitive explosive based on RDX on the mass fraction of Al (with an average particle size of 100 nm), as can be seen from the graph (Fig. 3).

The proposed DR works as follows. A laser pulse with the parameters required for detonation excitation is applied to the initiated part of the channel directly or through a light guide. Detonation propagates further along the channel and is transmitted to other channels and upon arrival at the exit points of the DW, forming a detonation wave front of a given shape at the output of the DR.

Thus, when using the proposed invention, a higher, in comparison with the prototype, technical result is provided, which consists in increasing the safety of the explosive device, the reliability of its operation by increasing the chronometric accuracy of the DR operation, and simplifying the design.

The possibility of industrial applicability of the claimed invention is confirmed by the following examples of specific implementation.

Example 1. In laboratory conditions, the proposed invention was tested on prototypes of the DR (Fig. 1), in which a fiber optic cable ∅0.4 mm was used as the channels for supplying laser radiation. In experiments with the layout of FIG. 1, the initiation of the DR and the reliable operation of all the output points of the DW were obtained.

Example 2. In laboratory conditions, the proposed invention was tested on fragments of prototypes of the DR (Fig. 2) with a source of DW on a photosensitive explosive, as well as with initiation from ED, in a similar setting of experiments. The use of a fragmentary sample simplifies the design of the experiment and is more indicative in terms of illustrating the reliability and chronometric accuracy of response. The experimental results showed (Table 1), the chronometrically synchronous operation of the channels of the DR model and the greater reliability of the operation of the DR with the initiator on the experimental composition, in comparison with the ED. As can be seen in Table 1, in the case of the LW source, points 6a and 6b were triggered simultaneously after 9.71 μs, while in the case of an EF, point 6b did not work as a result of gas-dynamic pickups that arose as a result of its detonation, and the response time of point 6a decreased by that the same reason.

Example 3. For DG models in examples 1 and 2, a photosensitive explosive was made containing a secondary heat-resistant explosive hexogen in its highly dispersed form with a specific surface area of 4000 to 20000 cm ^{2 /} g. Nanodispersed aluminum powder with an average particle size of 100 nm was used as a filler. mass fraction in the composition of 3.5%. The packing density of the composition in the DR channel was 0.9 g / cm ³ .

Example 4. From the graph in Fig. 3 it can be seen that with a decrease in the mass fraction of nanodispersed aluminum in a photosensitive explosive below 0.75% and with an increase above 10%, the selective sensitivity to LI of the composition based on RDX deteriorates, which is expressed in an increase in the threshold energy density its initiation is LI.

The results of the actuation of the used detonation wiring in comparison with the device in which the electric detonator is used are summarized in Table 1.

As shown by examples of implementation of the claimed invention, when using the claimed detonation wiring and photosensitive explosives, a technical result was achieved, which consists in increasing the safety of the explosive device, the reliability of its operation by increasing the chronometric accuracy of the DR operation, simplifying the design by eliminating the need to use a complex system with an electric detonator ...

Claims (5)

1. Detonation wiring initiated by laser radiation, including the body and detonation transmission channels filled with secondary explosives (HE), with the initiated part of the channel, a detonation wave (DW) source, and a pulse source for activating the detonation wave source, characterized in that the source The DW is placed in the initiated part of the detonation transmission channel, while the DW source is made of a photosensitive explosive based on a secondary explosive (HE) and is tightly packed in the body of the initiated part of the detonation transmission channel, the pulse source for activating the detonation wave source is made in the form of a laser radiation source. 2. Detonation wiring according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser radiation source is communicated with the DV source through a fiber-optic cable. 3. Detonation wiring according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser radiation source is directly connected to the DW source. 4. Detonation wiring according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser radiation source is installed with a gap relative to the DW source. 5. The composition of a photosensitive explosive for initiating a detonation wiring based on a secondary explosive for initiating an initiated section of a detonation transmission channel excited by an external laser radiation source, characterized in that the secondary explosive contains highly dispersed RDX or HMX or aprol with a packing density in the channel from 0.8 to 1.1 g / cm ³ and a specific surface area of 4000 to 20,000 cm ² / g, and as a filler - nanodispersed aluminum powder with an average particle size of 50 to 200 nm and a mass fraction in the composition from 0.5 to 7%.

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