RU2724274C1 - Method of making wet anatomical preparations - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary medicine; biology.SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary science and biology, namely morphology, and can be used for production of wet anatomical preparations. Method involves fixation of the preparation in a solution containing formalin – 35 g, sodium acetate – 80 g, potassium chloride – 10 g, distilled water – 1000 g. Then one performs color restoration in 95 % ethyl alcohol. Further, the preparation is fixed, pouring it with a preserving solution consisting of: glycerine – 880 g, sodium acetate – 500 g, water – 1000 g, thymol – 10 g.EFFECT: use of the invention enables producing anatomical preparations which are nontoxic, odorless, have high visibility, are close to natural color and shape of embalmed organs and tissues, are stored in an unchanged form, if necessary, can be easily restored.1 cl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and biology, specifically to morphology, allows you to get wet anatomical and pathological preparations that retain their natural color and are of great interest, since they are the most informative and quite demonstrative.

A known method of fixing anatomical preparations using formalin (B.C. Pikalyuk, G.A. Moroz, S.A. Kutya, Methodological manual for the manufacture of anatomical preparations. - Simferopol, 2004. - p. 20). A serious drawback of this method of manufacturing wet pathological preparations is that formalin is a very toxic substance that has a pronounced carcinogenic property.

Various fixing fluids, such as P.A. solution, are widely used. Minakova, solution A.I. Kazantseva and solution recommended by the Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery IMMI named after IM Sechenova (B.C. Pikalyuk, G.A. Moroz, S.A. Kutya, Methodological manual for the manufacture of anatomical preparations. - Simferopol, 2004. - p. 21). A significant drawback of these methods of manufacturing wet anatomical preparations is that the natural color of organs and tissues is not preserved. Under the influence of alcohol, acids, formalin, they discolor.

A known method of manufacturing drugs in liquids while preserving the natural color, according to Melnikov-Razvedenkov (Zharov A.V., Ivanov I.V., Strelnikov A.P. Autopsy and pathomorphological diagnosis of animal diseases - Moscow, 2000. - S. 97). The disadvantage of this method is that not all organs and tissues after the preparation of preparations according to Melnikov-Razvedenkov manage to maintain their color. According to observations, when stored in a preservative solution, organs and tissues gradually fade, their discoloration occurs. This is because the fixing solution contains a large amount of formalin.

A known method of manufacturing anatomical preparations of animals, which consists in maintaining the necessary organs and structures in an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite in a concentration of 0.7-1.5% with further immersion in an alcohol-glycerin mixture consisting of 7-8 parts of technical glycerol and 2-3 parts ethanol [RU 2660255 C1, A01N 1/00 (2006.01), A01N 1/00 (2006.01). A method of manufacturing anatomical animal preparations / Vlasenko A.N. - 2017115304; stated on 04/28/2017; published on July 5, 2018]. A significant disadvantage of this method of manufacturing anatomical preparations is that the natural color of organs and tissues is not preserved.

A known method of manufacturing wet anatomical preparations of animals by immersion in a 10% aqueous solution of glyoxal [RU 2566648 C1, A01N 1/02 (2006.01). A method of manufacturing and storage of museum anatomical wet macro preparations / Alyabyev F.V., Doroshenko A.S., Knyazev A.S. - 2014145219/13; stated on 11/10/2014; published on October 27, 2015]. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost and inaccessibility of the components.

The objective of the invention is the development of a method for the manufacture of wet pathological preparations with high visibility, close to the natural color and shape of the embalmed organs and tissues. Such drugs are of great interest, as they are the most informative and have a long service life.

A method of manufacturing wet anatomical preparations includes three phases of the manufacture of the drug.

In the manufacture of anatomical preparations, it is necessary even before fixing the organ, especially the hollow, or the tissue is given a demonstration form using cotton wool, gauze, which fill the cavity.

The first phase is the fixation of an organ or tissue in a solution containing:

- formalin - 35 g,

- sodium acetate - 80 g,

- potassium chloride - 10 g,

- distilled water - 1000 g.

The volume of fluid is 4 times the volume of the fixed drug. The drug is kept in this liquid until the tissues are evenly densified and the blood will no longer be extracted into the solution.

The exposure time is from several hours to 3 weeks. It depends on the size, density, structure of the organ.

It is categorically not recommended to overexposure the drug in a fixing fluid, since hemoglobin, with prolonged exposure to formalin, becomes stable acid hematin, and in this case, alcohol recovery is not possible.

It should be noted that a decrease in the amount of formalin during fixation in the first phase — 35 g per 1000 g of water — made it possible to keep the color of organs and tissues close to natural, and low plus temperatures helped to ensure their preservation during fixation. Therefore, a prerequisite is that the air temperature does not exceed +5 ° C with the replacement of the solution with a new one every 5 days. Upon completion of fixation, the drug is removed from the first solution, allowed to drain completely.

In the second phase - color recovery, the fixed material is transferred to 95% ethyl alcohol. The exposure in it is from several minutes to 1 hour, depending on the size, density of the organ or tissue. It is undesirable to overexpose the drug in alcohol, as it discolors.

After color restoration, organs are transferred to containers with a preservative solution.

The third phase is the immersion of the drug previously not in the demonstration tank and keeping it in a preserving solution for several days, in case there is further extraction of blood into the solution, and then the drug is transferred to an anatomical dish, fixed and filled with a new preserving solution, consisting of:

- glycerol - 880 g,

- sodium acetate - 500 g,

- water - 1000 g,

- thymol - 10 g.

Conditions for the preparation of the preserving solution: sodium acetate is dissolved in water and brought to a boil, after which glycerin is added there and the solution is allowed to boil well. After the solution has cooled, thymol is added to it and the preparation is poured in a demonstration container, which is hermetically sealed.

The solution should completely cover organs and tissues. When storing preparations in a glass dish, direct sunlight should be avoided.

The advantage of this method of manufacturing wet anatomical preparations is that anatomical preparations made in this way:

1. Non-toxic, odorless and do not have a harmful effect on the human body, even with evaporation.

2. Possess high visibility, close to the natural color and shape of the embalmed organs and tissues.

3. Stored unchanged for several years, and in the experience of 8 years.

4. If necessary, can be easily restored. The biological, toxic safety and aesthetics of these

drugs makes them convenient to use, not only in the educational process, but also involves participation in museum pathological anatomical expositions of an educational nature, even for an unprepared audience.

Sources of information:

1,2. B.C. Pikalyuk, G.A. Frost, S.A. Kutia Methodical manual for the manufacture of anatomical preparations. - Simferopol, 2004 .-- p. 20-21.

3. Zharov A.V., Ivanov I.V., Strelnikov A.P. Autopsy and pathomorphological diagnosis of animal diseases - Moscow, 2000. - p. 97.

4. RU 2660255 C1, A01N 1/00 (2006.01), A01N 1/00 (2006.01). A method of manufacturing anatomical animal preparations / Vlasenko A.N. -2017115304; stated on 04/28/2017; published on July 5, 2018.

5. RU 2566648 C1, A01N 1/02 (2006.01). A method of manufacturing and storage of museum anatomical wet macro preparations / Alyabyev F.V., Doroshenko A.S., Knyazev A.S.- 2014145219/13; stated on 11/10/2014; published on 10.27.2015.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing wet anatomical preparations, including fixing the drug at a temperature not exceeding + 5 ° C in a solution containing formalin - 35 g, sodium acetate - 80 g, potassium chloride - 10 g, distilled water - 1000 g, while the liquid volume is 4 times the volume of the fixed drug, the exposure time is from several hours to 3 weeks, depending on the density, size and structure of the organ, color restoration in 95% alcohol, with an exposure of several minutes to 1 hour, depending on the density, the size and structure of the organ, while overexposure in alcohol leads to discoloration of the drug, preservation in a solution containing glycerol - 880 g, sodium acetic acid - 500 g, water - 1000 g, thymol - 10 g, while sodium acetate dissolved in water is adjusted to boiling, after which glycerin is added and the solution is allowed to boil, after the solution has cooled, thymol is added to it, poured into a demonstration dish and hermetically sealed.