RU2715033C1 - Method of processing solid municipal wastes and installation for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to environmental protection, in particular to treatment of solid municipal wastes. After removal from large-size garbage, wastes are subjected to three-stage drying by pass-crossover streams of superheated steam at their simultaneous forced transportation and turning with further removal of spent steam and mechanical separation of dried wastes into dried wet fractions and dry wastes. Plant is equipped with two-section conveying device. First section is made in the form of screw (26) and is located in the storage bin of initial wastes (2). Second section is located in drying chamber (1) and represents alternating pushing-mixing blades (30) and flat tubular agitators (31) installed on perforated part (28) of single shaft (24) equipped with nozzles (29). Axes of adjacent blades, as well as planes of adjacent agitators are mutually perpendicular. Accumulating bins for supply of initial wastes and unloading of dried wastes are equipped with sealing covers (4, 5). Accumulating hopper of unloaded waste (3) is equipped with sorting chamber (8) with vibrating sieve (9) and trays for discharge of fine (10) and large (11) particles.

EFFECT: higher degree of solid municipal waste treatment.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The group of inventions relates to environmental protection, namely to the field of processing and disposal of municipal solid waste, and can be used in waste sorting enterprises, both existing and newly built.

For the purposes of the present invention, the following terms mean:

“Solid municipal waste” (MSW) is a mixture of numerous fractions of household waste, which is the main part of the garbage in the modern human environment transported by garbage trucks;

“Moisture-consuming fractions” - MSW fractions containing free and bound moisture, both on the surface and in the inner layers of particles (food fractions, waste fractions, natural polymers such as wood, chemical water-soluble fractions, etc.);

“Moisture-proof fractions” - surface-wet fractions of MSW, such as metals, ceramics, glass, synthetic polymers, sand, stones, etc .;

“Wet fractions of MSW” - a set of moisture-consuming and moisture-proof fractions;

“Recycling" - landfill without further use;

"Recycling" - the reuse of waste, which is secondary material resources (BMP), to obtain products, in particular, compost from dried organic matter.

Environmental issues, in particular, the processing and disposal of an ever increasing volume of MSW, are now being brought to the fore. The landfill of MSW components that cannot be used in other ways leads to the alienation of large areas and environmental pollution.

Traditional technologies for MSW processing consist in their complex and multiple sorting into those that have the characteristics and properties of BMP for recycling, and others that do not have utility, cannot be used in other ways and are sent to landfill. At the same time, modern sorting technologies make it possible to select only 12-15% of BMP, and accordingly the remaining 85-88% of MSW are disposed of - they are subject to landfill.

The Russian experience of the selective collection of MSW in the places of their formation has shown that the release of BMP in Russian conditions increases by mass by 5% -10%, but at the same time, the costs of their collection increase by 3-5 times, depending on the region.

The reasons that neither the traditional MSW sorting schemes, nor the introduction of selective collection, can dramatically solve the problems of reducing the amount of waste sent to the landfill and increasing the volume of BMP production, are the mixing and chaotic relationship between the many fractions of MSW in the waste sorting apparatus and the associated pollution potential BMP with wet fractions, in particular, food waste, as well as pasty and liquid contents of used containers from household, medicinal, cosmetic cal, construction and automotive chemicals in the composition of MSW (up to 4% by weight).

A known method of processing MSW, including the collection of waste, their transportation and pre-sorting, feeding the waste to a circular transport conveyor. Each portion of MSW passes through each workplace manually several cycles of selection of certain predetermined fractions of waste, which are discharged through openings in the working platform into mobile bunkers, and the residues of MSW are discharged to the output belt conveyor. / Patent RU 2389565, B09B 3/00, 2010).

The disadvantages of this method are the high complexity of manual sorting operations, as well as the low quality of the selected BMPs due to their contamination with the wet fractions associated with the collection and transportation of MSW.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed one is a method that involves the preliminary extraction of bulky waste from the waste, followed by the feeding of the waste by a loading conveyor into a rotary drying drum, in which the waste is dried and disinfected by supplying a heat carrier, which uses hot air with a temperature from 150 to 250 ° C, while in the process of promoting waste on the inner surface of the drum by means of screw ribs on its inner surface, they loosen, osredstvom conveyor belt are fed to the sorting conveyor to the main sorting for sequentially extracting different fractions of waste, some of which is transferred to the recycle as BMP. The exhaust air is wet cleaned, heated and returned to the process / Patent RU 2238156, B09B 3/00, B03B 9/06, 2004 /

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency and the complexity of the processing of household waste, which is due to the sequence of operations for their separation, as well as the conditions of the drying process of moisture-intensive waste, especially food, in the presence of atmospheric oxygen at 150-250 ° C. Under these conditions, intense oxidation occurs on the surface of the water-intensive waste, and a dense layer of sintering particles (crust) is formed. The presence of this layer prevents the drying of the inner layers of the waste and the separation of food fractions from the surface of other particles, which does not allow for sufficient extraction of wet fractions from MSW, which reduces the commercial value of BMPs sorted for recycling during subsequent manual processing.

The problem, the solution of which is provided by the implementation of the group of inventions, is to minimize the risks of harming the environment.

The technical result from the use of the proposed method for processing MSW is to increase the degree of extraction of wet fractions of MSW, increase the amount of BMP and reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of treating municipal solid waste, unsorted solid municipal waste, after being released from bulky waste, is subjected to cyclical treatment under conditions of tightness and thermal insulation by three-stage drying along with cross-flows of superheated steam during their simultaneous forced transportation and tedding followed by removal of the spent steam and mechanical separation of the dried waste into dried wet fractions and dry waste free of dried wet fractions, while the first stage of drying is carried out at a temperature of 85-95 ° C, the second stage is at a temperature of 105-125 ° C, the third stage is at a temperature of 130-160 ° C, dried wet fractions are sent for recycling, dry waste free of dried wet fractions, sent for further sorting, the spent steam is condensed, heated to a state of superheated steam with a temperature of 105-125 ° C, divided into four streams and fed along the way-cross-transport of waste, one of served by rav numerically dispersed over all three stages of drying, the second is cooled to 85-95 ° C and served on the first stage of drying, the third with a temperature of 105-125 ° C is fed to the second stage of drying, and the fourth is heated to 130-160 ° C and served third stage of drying.

It is preferable that after condensation of the spent steam it is subjected to purification.

The method is as follows.

The drying process with superheated steam is carried out cyclically in a sealed heat-insulated volume after loading unsorted mixed MSW into it after releasing them from bulky waste. The MSW drying process is carried out in three consecutive stages along the cross-cross flows of superheated steam with their simultaneous forced movement along the sealed heat-insulated volume and continuous tedding. In this case, one cross-flow of superheated steam is fed to all three stages of drying with a temperature of 105-125 ° C.

The first stage is the heating of the solid waste received for drying from the ambient temperature, at which the waste enters the treatment, to 85 ° -95 ° C created in the inlet zone of the sealed heat-insulated volume by supplying a cross-flow of superheated steam at a temperature of 105-125 ° C and a cross-flow of steam with a temperature of 85 ° -95 ° C. At the first stage, the moisture from the MSW evaporates from the surface of the fractions, since it is supplied from the inner layers in such an amount that the surface remains moist (supply from large pores). The temperature of MSW during this stage remains constant when moving MSW and tedding along a sealed insulated volume. The drying speed (amount of evaporated moisture per 1 kg of dry fractions of MSW per unit time) at this stage is also constant and is of the greatest importance. Depending on the mass of MSW entering the volume and their initial moisture content, the duration of this stage is from 0.5 to 1.5 hours.

From the first stage of drying, the MSW are forcibly moved while tedding to the second stage, to which two cross-flow streams of superheated steam with a temperature of 105-125 ° C are supplied. The second stage of drying is carried out in the middle zone of a sealed insulated volume and begins when the critical moisture content is reached - the lowest value of relative humidity, at which free moisture is still preserved. The speed of the process is determined by the rate of movement of moisture from the inner layers of MSW to the surface. As the MSW moves and simultaneously turns in the second stage and the free moisture evaporates, the drying speed continuously decreases over time until it reaches the equilibrium moisture content, and then the process goes into the third stage. The temperature of the transferred MSW fractions in the second stage is continuously increasing and, by the time the equilibrium moisture content is reached, it approaches the temperature of the superheated steam supplied to the second stage of drying in the middle zone of the sealed heat-insulated volume, which is maintained at 105 ° -125 ° C. The supply of superheated steam with a temperature below 105 ° C reduces the rate of evaporation of free moisture and increases the duration of the process, i.e. reduces its performance. At higher temperatures of superheated steam, in the second stage of drying, the temperature of the MSW fractions does not exceed the temperature of the wet thermometer, i.e. the limiting temperature below which the process is accompanied by the presence of condensate (this temperature is sometimes called the dew point), i.e. temperature increase is impractical. The duration of the second stage, depending on the initial moisture content of the MSW, is 12-15 minutes.

At the third stage of drying, which is carried out by moving MSW and simultaneously tedding in the outlet zone of a sealed heat-insulated volume with the supply of one cross-flow of superheated steam with a temperature of 105-125 ° C, and another cross-flow of superheated steam with a temperature of 130 ° -160 ° С, bound moisture is removed from all wet fractions of MSW. At the end of the third stage of drying, which lasts about 5 minutes, at experimentally determined parameters of drying with superheated steam, the residual relative humidity of all moisture-intensive fractions does not exceed 7% -10%.

At all three stages of drying in a sealed thermally insulated volume, the forcedly transported MSW particles are simultaneously agitated with drying, which leads to their friction with both other movable MSW particles and structural elements of the volume, resulting in the grinding of mainly dried wet fractions of waste. Subsequent mechanical separation of the dried waste allows you to separate the dried wet fractions, which are shredded, in particular, food waste sent for further recycling, from dry waste free of dried wet fractions, which are sent for further sorting.

From the outlet zone of the sealed heat-insulated volume, the exhaust steam is removed for recovery in a closed cycle: it is condensed, subjected to heating to a temperature of superheated steam of 105-125 ° C, divided into four streams that feed along the cross-direction of transportation of the processed waste, the first is uniformly distributed over all three stages of drying, the second after cooling to 85-95 ° C is fed to the first stage of drying, the third with a temperature of 105-125 ° C is fed to the second stage of drying, and the fourth is heated to 130-160 ° C and fed to the third tadiyu drying. In the process of heating to a temperature of superheated steam of 105-125 ° C, the exhaust steam is cleaned of impurities. Prior to overheating, the exhaust steam can also be cleaned of impurities.

Compared to direct-flow and counter-current flows, the cross-over flows of superheated steam make it possible to more fully separate the wet fractions of MSW, thereby increasing the number of dried wet fractions of MSW that are recycled and reduce the amount of dry waste free of the dried volume of wet waste. After the discharge of the dried waste, a new cycle of processing a new portion of waste begins.

The proposed drying of MSW along the cross-flows of superheated steam is a technological process, accompanied by biochemical and structural-mechanical changes. With such drying, MSW not only lose moisture during its phase transformation as a result of heat input, but also acquire new qualities.

The method is illustrated by an example.

The proposed method was implemented during experimental and technological tests with MSW in Moscow, transported to the waste sorting station in the NEAD during August-October 2018, with the following average composition:

Tests were carried out once a week during the morning export of MSW from households. After MSW was released from bulky waste, MSW samples weighing 50 kg were taken from three different garbage trucks arriving at the station with an interval of 30 minutes at each test. The initial moisture content of all MSW samples was determined by the gravimetric method before and after the tests. The average value of the initial humidity was 62%. The average residual moisture content of the dried wet waste was 8.7%. The mass of dried waste averaged 27 kg in each sample. The average amount of separated and crushed wet dried waste during each test was 7.8 kg in each sample. The steam temperature in the first stage was maintained at 90 ° C, in the second 115 ° C, in the third 130 ° C. The total duration of one test was 45 minutes.

A known line for processing household waste containing a loading conveyor and a primary waste treatment unit, made in the form of a rotary drying drum, interconnected with a heat generator and a wet cleaning device for the coolant, with the formation of a closed cycle of the latter. In a rotating drum, municipal solid waste is moved along the inner surface of the drum by means of screw ribs and loosened. As the heat carrier use hot air. From the rotating drum, by means of a conveyor belt, dried waste is fed to a sorting conveyor for primary sorting for sequential extraction of various fractions of waste, some of which are recycled as BMP. The exhaust air is wet cleaned, heated and returned to the process / Patent RU 2238156, B09B 3/00, B03B 9/06, 2004 /

The disadvantages of using the known line are the low efficiency and laboriousness of processing household waste, since in the conditions of drying moisture-intensive waste, primarily food, in the presence of atmospheric oxygen at 150-250 ° C, intense oxidation occurs on the surface of the moisture-intensive waste and a dense layer of sintering particles forms ( crust). The presence of this layer prevents the drying of the inner layers of the waste and the separation of wet, in particular food, fractions from the surface of other particles, which does not allow for sufficient extraction of them from MSW and reduces the commercial value of BMPs sorted for recycling during subsequent manual processing.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed installation is the installation for the evaporation of the liquid contained in bulk products, through superheated steam as a drying agent. The installation comprises a drying chamber, a heat exchanger and a device for separating particles of products and low-temperature steam, hermetically connected to each other and communicating with the environment through a loading device for bulk products, an unloading device for bulk products and an exhaust device for the produced excess of low-temperature steam, and drying the chamber generally has a cylindrical shape, and the loading device for bulk products to be dried, and the unloading device The equipment for dried bulk products is located at opposite ends of the drying chamber, and the steam inlet is located at the same end as the inlet for bulk products, while a rotor is located inside the drying chamber, which allows the part of the bulk product to move from the lower part during operation parts to the upper part of the drying chamber, from where this part of the product falls to the lower part of the drying chamber through a stream of superheated steam / Patent RU 2331829, F26B 17/20, 2008 /

A disadvantage of the known device is the low degree of moisture extraction during the treatment of MSW, since between their many fractions there is mixing and a chaotic relationship with limited flowability due to the large difference in the size and degree of moisture of the fragments of the fractions.

The technical result from the use of the proposed MSW treatment plant is to increase the degree of extraction of wet fractions of MSW, increase the amount of BMP and reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the installation for processing municipal solid waste is a sealed thermally insulated system containing a drying chamber with a cylindrical body in communication with sealed storage bins for supplying and discharging dried waste located at the entrance to and exit from the drying chamber respectively, with an exhaust steam exhaust device connected in series with a spent steam condenser, a superheater with a pipe supplying condensed spent steam from the condenser and discharging superheated steam connected through a common collector of superheated steam to a multi-barrel nozzle supplying superheated steam to the drying chamber, the nozzles of which are located on the inner surface of the cylindrical body flush with it in three groups uniformly distributed in the lower part of the cylindrical body along its length, at the same time, the installation is equipped with a two-section conveying device, on a single shaft of which, located coaxial but the cylindrical body of the drying chamber and equipped with a steam pipe connected to the pipe for the removal of superheated steam superheater, installed the first section, made in the form of a screw and located in the storage hopper for supplying the original waste, and the second section, located actually in the drying chamber and representing mounted on a perforated shaft with nozzles alternately alternating pushing-mixing blades and flat tubular agitators, the axes of adjacent blades, as well as the plane of adjacent thieves The collectors are mutually perpendicular, the storage bins for supplying the initial waste and unloading the dried waste are equipped with sealing covers, and the storage hopper for unloading the dried waste is equipped with a sorting chamber with a vibrating screen and trays for removing small and large particles.

It is preferable that between the spent steam condenser and the superheater is installed a system for cleaning the condensate from impurities.

In addition, each of the three groups of multi-barrel nozzle apparatus contains nozzles located at equal distances along equidistant arcs of cross sections of the cylindrical body of the drying chamber.

In particular, the sealed storage bin of the dried waste is connected to the drying chamber via an open hatch located at the bottom of the drying chamber.

Preferably, the drying chamber is installed at an angle of 2-5 ° to the horizontal.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically illustrates an apparatus for treating municipal solid waste; in FIG. 2 is a view along BB in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - node A in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 is a view along BB in FIG. 3; in FIG. 5 - section of the installation shaft located in the drying chamber, in a perspective view.

For clarity, the ratio between the individual elements of the installation is changed.

Installation for processing municipal solid waste (Fig. 1.) is a sealed thermally insulated system and contains a cylindrical drying chamber 1, communicating with sealed storage bins for supplying initial waste 2 and unloading dried waste 3, equipped with sealing covers 4 and 5, respectively. The storage hopper for supplying the initial waste 2 is equipped with a feeder 6, which is separated from the hopper 2 by a sealing cover 4, and is located at the entrance to the drying chamber 1. The storage hopper for unloading the dried waste 3 is located at the outlet of the drying chamber 1, communicated with it through an open hatch 7 located in the lower part of the drying chamber 1, and is equipped with a sorting chamber 8 with a vibrating screen 9 and trays for removal of small 10 and large 11 particles. At the outlet, the drying chamber 1 is also equipped with an exhaust steam exhaust device 12 connected in series with a condenser 13 and through a water pump 14 through a return line 15 with a condensed exhaust steam supply pipe 16 of the superheater 17. The superheater steam outlet pipe 18 of the superheater 17 is connected through a common superheated collector steam 19 with a multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20 for supplying superheated steam to the drying chamber 1. Nozzles 21 of the multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20 are located on the inner the surfaces of the cylindrical body of the drying chamber 1 are flush with it by three groups I, II and III uniformly distributed in the lower part of the cylindrical body along its length and along equidistant arcs of the cross sections of the cylindrical body at an equal distance from each other.

Each of the groups of a multi-barrel nozzle apparatus at the branches of the common collector 19 is equipped with a pressure regulator 22 (a, b and c) and a temperature regulator 23 (a, b and c).

The installation is equipped with a conveying device consisting of two sections located on a single shaft 24 with a drive 25. The first section of the conveying device is located in a sealed storage hopper for supplying initial waste 2 and is made in the form of a screw 26 on the first section 27 of a single shaft 24. Inside the first section 27 the shaft 24 passes a steam line (not shown), which is connected to a pipe for the removal of superheated steam 18 from the superheater 17. The second section of the conveying device is located in the drying chamber 1 and represents T mounted on the apertured portion 28 of the single shaft 24 provided with nozzles 29, alternately interspersed a push-stirring blades 30 and 31 are flat, tubular, turners, the axes of adjacent vanes 30 as well as the neighboring plane tedders 31 are mutually perpendicular. The steam line passing inside the first section 27 of the single shaft 24, at the entrance to the drying chamber 1 passes into the perforated part 28 of the single shaft 24. The drying chamber can be installed at an angle of 2-5 ° to the horizontal, which further contributes to the passage of waste along the drying chamber 1 to exit from it. Between the spent steam condenser 13 and the superheater 17 can be installed a system for cleaning the condensate from impurities (not shown). The installation contains a conveyor loading solid municipal waste 32.

In FIG. 2 shows uniformly distributed in the lower part of the cylindrical body along the arc of the cross section of the cylindrical body at an equal distance between the nozzles 21 of the multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20.

FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 explain the construction of the second section of the conveying device located in the drying chamber 1 of the installation for processing municipal solid waste.

Installation works as follows.

Installation works in cycles. The first cycle begins with the unsorted MSW being discharged from the bulky waste through the loading conveyor 32 to the feeder 6. The pressurized lid 4 is opened and the processed waste is loaded into the storage bin for the feed of initial wastes 2, which communicates with the hermetic drying chamber 1. The pressurized lid 4 is closed . The pressurizing cover 5 of the storage bin for the discharge of dried waste 3 is also closed. The installation is sealed and insulated. A superheater 17 and a two-section conveying device, the drive 25 of which rotates the single shaft 24, are turned on. The screw 26 located, for example, in the form of an Archimedes spiral, is located in the storage hopper for supplying the initial waste 2 and mounted on the shaft of the first section 27 of the single shaft 24. move the waste to the drying chamber 1. Inside the section 27 of the shaft 24 there is a steam line through which superheated steam with a temperature of 105-125 ° C is fed through the pipe outlet of the superheated steam 18 from the superheater 17, I start heated and fed into the inlet zone of the drying chamber 1, to which through the nozzles 29 of the perforated portion 28 of the shaft 24, the superheated steam is supplied to both the length of the drying chamber 1 and transverse to it, thereby creating the cross-transported along the drying chamber waste stream of superheated steam. At the same time, superheated steam from the superheater 17 through the outlet pipe for superheated steam 18 through the common collector of superheated steam 19 is distributed into three groups of multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20 for feeding through nozzles 21 into the drying chamber 1. To supply the inlet zone of the drying chamber 1, the superheated steam is cooled to a temperature of 85 -95 ° C by means of pressure regulators 22a and temperature 23a. Steam with a temperature of 85-95 ° C is distributed by the first group of nozzles 21 located uniformly along the length and along equidistant arcs of the cross sections of the cylindrical body of the drying chamber 1 and is supplied both along the drying chamber and across, forming a second cross-sectional stream of steam. Thus, the waste introduced into the inlet zone of the drying chamber is also treated with associated and cross steam flows. Simultaneously with exposure to cross-flow steam flows, the waste entering the drying chamber 1 is moved along the length of the drying chamber by pushing-mixing blades 30 and is subjected to tedding with flat tubular agitators 31. For a more uniform treatment of the axis of adjacent blades 30 and the plane moved along the length of the drying chamber of waste neighboring agitators 31 are mutually perpendicular. As a result of such processing under the conditions of friction of the waste fractions, one on the other, as well as on the structural elements of the drying chamber 1, a more complete drying of the processed waste and grinding of the wet fractions of the waste, in particular, food, occurs. Moisture from MSW more fully evaporates from the surface of the fractions, since it is supplied from the inner layers in such an amount that the surface remains moist (supply from large pores). Depending on the mass of MSW entering the volume and their initial humidity, the drying time can be from 0.5 to 1.5 hours.

As the treated waste moves along the length of the drying chamber 1, they are processed in the central zone of the drying chamber, similar to processing in the inlet zone of the drying chamber 1, but at a temperature of 105-125 ° C, the second flow of cross-steam is fed through the second group of nozzles 21 of the multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20 equally spaced along the length and along equidistant arcs of the cross-sections of the cylindrical body of the drying chamber 1. The temperature of the supplied superheated steam is varied in the range 105-125 ° C by pressure regulators 22b and temperature 23b. Forced movement along the length of the drying chamber with simultaneous tedding under conditions of processing along the cross-stream of superheated steam deepens and speeds up the drying process. The degree of separation of wet fractions from the rest increases.

As the waste passes along the drying chamber 1 to the exit in the outlet zone of the drying chamber 1, it is subjected to a treatment similar to that in the previous zones of the drying chamber 1, but at a temperature of the cross-flow of superheated steam of 130-160 ° С supplied through the third group nozzles 21 of a multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20 located uniformly along the length and along equidistant arcs of cross sections of the cylindrical body of the drying chamber 1, and heated by means of pressure regulators 22c and temperature 23c.

The spent steam saturated with the vapors released during the drying process is passed through the exhaust steam exhaust device 12 located at the outlet of the drying chamber 1 to the condenser 13 and, through the water pump 14, through the return line 15 and the condensed exhaust steam supply pipe 16 are sent to the steam generator 17, creating a closed coolant cycle. From the superheater 17 superheated steam is fed into a new processing cycle of the next batch of MSW. Before the superheater 17 at the outlet of the condenser 13, the spent steam can be subjected to multi-stage cleaning, for example, on a grain filter, sorption filter and ultrafiltration module. A discharge valve is used as an exhaust device for exhaust steam 12, and a tubular flow-through superheater with gas-plasma heating can be used as a superheater.

The dried waste through the open hatch 7, located in the lower part of the outlet zone of the drying chamber 1, is transported by a conveyor device into the sealed storage hopper for unloading the dried waste 3. After unloading all the dried waste, the sealing cover 5 is opened and the waste is poured into the sorting chamber 8 in communication with the atmosphere. The sealing cover 5 is closed. After which the installation is ready for a new cycle of processing a new batch of MSW. The sorting chamber 8 is equipped with an inclined vibrating screen 9 through which the dried wet fractions having a smaller particle size are screened out and fall into the fine particle tray 10, and the remaining dried and crushed waste, including waste current sources, enter the large particle removal tray 11, from where they come for further sorting. The separated dried wet fractions from the fine particle tray 10 are recycled.

The proposed design of the conveying device, with a screw 26 mounted on a single shaft 24, pusher-mixing blades 30, and agitators 31 in combination with the design of a multi-barrel nozzle apparatus 20 allows waste treatment to be carried out along the cross-flows of superheated steam while simultaneously forcing and transporting the waste, which allows significantly intensify the drying process of MSW, which is a mixture of numerous fractions of household waste mixed and randomly connected among themselves, of different sizes and degrees of humidity, with limited flowability.

Thus, the proposed method and installation for processing solid municipal waste can intensify the drying process, increase the degree of their purification from wet fractions, which leads to an increase in the quantity and quality of secondary material resources and reduces the amount of waste sent to landfill, which in turn reduces the amount land alienated for landfill and reduces the risks of environmental pollution.

Claims (7)

1. A method of processing solid municipal waste, characterized in that unsorted solid municipal waste after being discharged from bulky waste is subjected to cyclical treatment under conditions of tightness and thermal insulation by three-stage drying along with cross-flows of superheated steam during their simultaneous forced transportation and tedding followed by removal of exhaust steam and mechanical separation of the dried waste into dried wet fractions and dry waste free of dried x wet fractions, while the first stage of drying is carried out at a temperature of 85-95 ° C, the second stage is at a temperature of 105-125 ° C, the third stage is at a temperature of 130-160 ° C, the dried wet fractions are sent for recycling, dry waste, free from dried wet fractions, sent for further sorting, the spent steam is condensed, heated to a state of superheated steam with a temperature of 105-125 ° C, divided into four streams and served along the cross-way waste transportation, one of which is served uniformly dispersed in all three stages from ears, the second is cooled to 85-95 ° C and served on the first stage of drying, the third with a temperature of 105-125 ° C is served on the second stage of drying, and the fourth is heated to 130-160 ° C and served on the third stage of drying. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after the condensation of the exhaust steam it is subjected to purification. 3. Installation for processing municipal solid waste, characterized in that it is a sealed thermally insulated system containing a drying chamber with a cylindrical body, in communication with sealed storage bins for supplying and discharging dried waste located at the entrance to and exit from the drying chamber, respectively , with an exhaust steam exhaust device connected in series with the exhaust steam condenser, a superheater with condensation feed pipes This exhaust steam from the condenser and the outlet of the superheated steam connected through a common collector of the superheated steam to a multi-barrel nozzle device for supplying the superheated steam to the drying chamber, the nozzles of which are located on the inner surface of the cylindrical body flush with it in three groups uniformly distributed in the lower part of the cylindrical body along it the length, while the installation is equipped with a two-section conveying device, on a single shaft which is located coaxially to a cylindrical body Su of the drying chamber and provided with a steam line connected to the superheater steam exhaust pipe, the first section is installed in the form of a screw and located in the storage hopper for supplying the initial waste, and the second section is located actually in the drying chamber and is installed alternately on a perforated shaft with nozzles alternating pushing-mixing blades and flat tubular agitators, the axes of adjacent blades, as well as the planes of adjacent agitators, are mutually perpendicular pendicular, cumulative feed raw waste bins and discharging the dried waste provided with sealing lids, and collecting hopper provided with a discharge sorting dried waste chamber with vibration sieve trays and removing small and large particles. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that between the spent steam condenser and the superheater is installed a system for cleaning the condensate from impurities. 5. Installation according to p. 3, characterized in that each of the three groups of a multi-barrel nozzle apparatus contains nozzles located at equal distances along equal arc cross sections of the cylindrical body of the drying chamber. 6. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the sealed storage hopper for unloading the dried waste is connected to the drying chamber by means of an open hatch located in the lower part of the drying chamber. 7. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the drying chamber is installed at an angle of 2-5 ° to the horizontal.

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