RU2712403C1 - Cargo transportation and discharge device for transport aircraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for transportation and discharge of cargoes from aircraft. Cargo transportation and discharge device for transport aircraft comprises container (1) fixed in cargo compartment of aircraft fixed, and two cassettes, in which the dumped cargo is arranged. Fixed cartridge (3) is fixed in nose part of container (1). Movable cartridge (5) has the possibility of longitudinal movement inside container (1) along guides (7) into tail and nose part of container (1). In the reset position, movable cassette (5) is moved by the movable cassette movement means (11) to the tail part of the transport aircraft so that a part of the cassette extends beyond the opening of the tail part of the cargo compartment. Movable cartridge (5) is movable in nose part of container (1) and jointed with fixed cassette (3). Cargo from fixed cassette (3) is moved into movable cassette (4) by means of cargo (14).EFFECT: high speed of load release, possibility of long cargo release.3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aviation, and, in particular, to devices for transporting and dumping cargo for a military transport aircraft, on which cargo is transported in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, and the discharge is through an opening in the tail of the aircraft. In the scope of the present invention, the term cargo means any object adapted to be transported and dumped from an aircraft. In particular, it can be cruise missiles or bomb-type shells.

Numerous discharge systems are known in which a parachute is usually used to discharge cargo carried on board. Such a system comprises a container located in the cargo compartment and adapted to accommodate a variety of goods, in particular cruise missiles. Such missiles are mounted in the container with the possibility of sliding relative to the said container, fixed inside the aircraft. In addition, in the tail of each of these missiles is a parachute. In this case, the following steps are performed to carry out a missile discharge:

- open the doors of the cargo compartment in the rear of the aircraft,

- a parachute is attached attached to the missile, outside the aircraft,

- when opened, this parachute draws a rocket in the opposite direction of the flight of the aircraft by sliding in the said container,

- when the rocket is fully extended from the aircraft, it is released from the parachute and can move and aim in the usual manner.

Such a cargo discharge system does not allow controlling the speed of rocket extraction from the container, since it is difficult to predict how the parachute will behave in the oncoming turbulent air flow. Therefore, the use of a parachute implies almost complete dropping of the horizontal component of the rocket speed at the time of separation of the parachute and the corresponding problems with controllability at low speeds, starting the engine on cruise missiles, and the need to install an acceleration system. In addition, there is a risk of cargo collision with the cargo compartment opening. When discharging in flight, the cargo must cover a distance equivalent to the length of the cargo compartment flaps. For example, for the Il-76 military transport aircraft, the length of the lower sash is more than 4 meters.

There is a known system for dumping cargo from an aircraft, described in RF patents No. 2160215 and RF No. 2506205, which consists in installing and securing to the aircraft along its fuselage a longitudinal transport and launch container equipped with a window for the payload to exit in the opposite direction and guides installed in its cavity, placing the payload on the guides with the formation of a sealed pneumatic chamber in front of its cavity, attaching the payload to the transport and launch container osredstvom docking apparatus and the separation and feeding of the gas jet from the high pressure source to the pneumatic chamber with the subsequent mounting and undocking acceleration of the payload along the guides. Such a cargo discharge system implies the placement of high pressure gas cylinders on board an aircraft, which increases the risk of emergency situations in the event of a gas leak.

Closest to the claimed invention is a system for transporting and dumping cargo (ammunition) for transport aircraft, set forth in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2513079, which contains one container located in the cargo compartment and configured to accommodate cargo installed in the container by means of a slip means. The container is located with the possibility of longitudinal movement using a means of transportation and bringing from the transport position to the dump position. The container contains a lot of cargo. In the transport position, the container is completely inside the cargo compartment and supports the load. In the dumping position, the container is longitudinally shifted towards the tail of the aircraft relative to the transport position so that the portion of the container (dropping part) is located externally through an opening in the tail of the cargo compartment. The sliding means is configured to deliver the cargo in the container to the dropping part, from where it is dumped when the container is in the dropping position. Since the cargo is carried outside the aircraft, it is dumped without using a parachute by simple disengagement without the risk of a cargo colliding with the cargo compartment opening. Such a cargo dumping system is of limited use, since it does not allow to dump long loads, because they need to be completely removed outside the transport aircraft in order to be discarded by the method of uncoupling. For example, the length of Caliber type cruise missiles reaches more than 8 meters - it is problematic to fully extend the container beyond the transport aircraft by this distance. In addition, for the implementation of this cargo dumping system, it is necessary to move the entire container to the dumping position, with all the goods in it, which will require large energy costs to move the entire cargo, and the need to install a means of transportation of the container, which will have to be mounted in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, and also lead to a simultaneous change in the centering of the aircraft, which can lead to a deterioration in its controllability. In addition, each cargo contains its own sliding means and is fed sequentially to the dropping part of the container, which does not imply a high speed of supply and discharge of cargo, which is crucial in solving specific problems (in case of combat use, when the cargo is cruise missiles).

The aim of the present invention is to provide a device for transporting and dumping cargo for a transport aircraft from an aperture in its rear part, which does not require the movement of all cargo to the rear part of the aircraft, which is not accompanied by a simultaneous change in the centering of the aircraft, as well as the possibility of dumping a long cargo for the account of giving it a horizontal component of speed by means of cargo movement, ensuring a high feed and discharge speed of the cargo, the possibility of strictly dismantling of the system of the cargo bay to give the aircraft an initial configuration.

Disclosure of the invention

The problem is achieved in that in the inventive device for transporting and dumping cargo for a transport aircraft, containing one container located in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, according to the invention, said container fixed in the cargo compartment motionless, and containing one stationary cassette, at least with one load located in the bow of the container and a movable cassette with at least one load located in the rear of the container, while the movable cassette This has the possibility of longitudinal movement inside the container along the rails by means of moving the movable cartridge from the transport position, in which the movable cartridge is completely inside the container, to the reset position, when the cartridge moves longitudinally to the tail of the transport aircraft so that part of the cartridge is located outside the transport aircraft through the opening of the rear of the cargo compartment, while the load inside the movable cartridge and having the possibility of longitudinal movement inside the movable cartridge along the guides with the help of the means of moving goods located inside the movable cartridge, is reset in the direction opposite to the direction of flight of the transport aircraft, after which the movable cartridge is moved with the help of the vehicles of the movable cartridge along the guides to the bow of the container, thus to dock with the stationary cartridge, while the guides inside the movable cartridge dock with guides located in the fixed cassette, and the load located in the fixed cassette is moved to the movable cassette along the docked guides using the means of moving cargo located inside the fixed cassette, after which the movable cassette is moved to the rear of the cargo compartment in the above-mentioned way to reset the moved from a fixed cargo compartment.

In this case, the fixed and movable cassettes can consist of cells that coincide in size and arrangement, each of which can accommodate cargo.

In this case, each of the cells of the movable and fixed cassettes has guides along which the goods placed in them move, and a means of transporting the load, and when the movable cassettes are docked with the stationary cages, the guides located in the cells of both cassettes are joined together to allow the movement of goods from each cell of the stationary cartridge in the corresponding cell of the movable cartridge.

Thus, the movement of cargo in parts using a mobile cassette does not require the movement of all cargo together with the container to the tail of the aircraft, which is not accompanied by a simultaneous change in the centering of the aircraft, due to giving the cargo horizontal speed in the direction opposite to the flight by means of moving the cargo in the mobile cassette, dumping is possible long cargo. Due to the fact that several cargoes can be in the dumping position in the mobile cassette at once, after delivering them to the opening of the tail section of the cargo compartment, they can quickly be dumped. Since the container is fixed motionless in the cargo compartment, it does not require the means of transportation of the container mounted in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, but only the attachment points and fasteners that can be easily removed, and the aircraft quickly lead to the initial configuration.

A brief description of the drawings.

FIG. 1. Scheme of the device for transporting and dumping cargo in transport position.

FIG. 2. Scheme of the device in the standby position for dumping the cargo.

FIG. 3. The scheme of the device when dropping cargo.

FIG. 4. The scheme of the device when docking the movable and stationary cassettes.

FIG. 5. The scheme of the device when moving cargo from a stationary cartridge to a movable one.

FIG. 6. Scheme of a mobile cassette with cells and loads placed in them.

FIG. 7. Scheme of a fixed cassette with cells and loads placed in them.

Fig. 8. Isometric view of a single cargo container.

The inventive device for transporting and dropping cargo contains a container 1, fixed motionless in the cargo compartment of the aircraft 2, which contains a fixed cassette 3 with at least one load 4, and a movable cassette 5 with at least one load 6. Mobile cassette 5 moves along the guides 7 (Fig. 6) using vehicles 8. The load 6, placed in the cell 9 of the movable cartridge 5, moves along the guides 10 using the vehicles 11 located inside the movable cartridge 5. Cargo 4 (Fig. 7), posted the one in the cell 12 of the fixed cassette 3, moves along the guides 13 by means of vehicles 14 located inside the fixed cassette 3. The container 1 is fixed motionless in the cargo compartment of the aircraft 2 using the attachment points 15 (Fig. 8). In the transport position, the cargo compartment opening located in the rear of the transport aircraft 2 is closed by wings 16 and 17 (Fig. 1).

The implementation of the invention

The inventive device for transporting and dumping cargo performs the following operations. The container 1 is fixed motionless in the cargo compartment of a transport aircraft 2 (Fig. 1) using the attachment points 15 (Fig. 8). In the running state, in each cell 12 of the stationary cassette 3 and in each cell 9 of the mobile cassette 5, a load 4, 6 is placed (Fig. 6, Fig. 7). In the scope of the present invention, the term cargo means any object adapted to be transported and dumped from an aircraft. In particular, it can be cruise missiles or bomb-type shells. Cruise missiles in the transport position are loaded into cells with wings folded into the fuselage section of the rocket and folding tail, like the X-101 cruise missile. To carry out the discharge of cargo, the shutters 16 and 17 of the cargo compartment of the aircraft open. The movable cartridge 5 is moved to the tail of the aircraft along the guides 7 using the means of moving the movable cartridge 8 (Fig. 6). In particular, the means of transportation can be electric drives with rack and pinion gears and reversible electric motors, which allow changing the direction of rotation of the shaft and reversing the direction of movement of the moving cassette through the transmission. In the dumping position, part of the movable cartridge 5 is located outside the transport aircraft through the open opening of the cargo compartment (Fig. 2) so as to go beyond the edge of the lower sash 16 of the cargo compartment. The load 6, located in each cell of the movable cartridge, is alternately dumped in the direction opposite to the flight direction (Fig. 3) using the means of moving the load 11 (Fig. 6), moving along the guides 10. In particular, the gears of the load can also be electric drives with gears rack and pinion transmission. In this case, gears are mounted on the shaft of the electric motors moving the load, and the rail is mounted on the cargo in its lower part so that the gears and the rack mesh into the entire path of movement of the cargo through the cell. Vehicles are possible by the type of drive roller tables for heavy loads, when the load moves along the rollers driven into rotation by an electric drive. The guides 10 can be made according to the type of aviation suspension systems, when the load is suspended on the guides by means of yokes fixed on it. After the load has been dropped, the movable cartridge 5 is moved by means of the movable cartridge 8 along the guides 7 into the bow of the container and is joined to the fixed cartridge 3 (Fig. 4), while the guides of the movable and fixed cartridges 10, 13 are also joined ( Fig. 6, 7). The cells of the fixed cartridge 3 coincide in size and location with the cells of the mobile cartridge 5. The next step in the operation of the device is the movement of cargo 4 from each cell 12 of the fixed cartridge 3 to its corresponding cell 9 of the mobile cartridge 5 (Fig. 5). Each of the loads 4 (Fig. 7) is moved by means of the load 14, located in the fixed cassette 3 along the guides 13. Since the guides of both cassettes are joined, having disengaged from the guides 13, the load sliding elements (yokes) are engaged with guides 10 of the movable cartridge. With further movement of the cargo into the cells 9 of the movable cartridge 5, the means of transport of the cargo 11 located in the movable cartridge are included in the operation. After the complete movement of the goods 4 into the movable cassette 5, the device is ready to re-discharge the cargo as described above.

As an example of the use of the claimed device, you can consider installing it on a military transport aircraft IL-76. The length of the cargo compartment is 24.5 m, of which 4.5 m falls on the ramp, the width of the cargo compartment is 3.46 m and the height is 3.4 m. The container of the claimed device for this type of aircraft must take into account the elevation of the ramp and have a bevel in its tail section as shown in FIG. 8. One of the options for the cargo that can be placed in the device is cruise missiles with wings and plumage folding in the fuselage section. The X-55 cruise missile has a length of 6.04 m, a diameter of 0.514 m, and a launch weight of 1185 kg. The X-101 cruise missile has a length of 7.45 m, a diameter of 74 cm, and a launch mass of 2400 kg. Missiles with such dimensions for the specified width and height of the cargo compartment IL-76 may well fit in cartridges with four cells - four missiles in a movable cartridge and four in a stationary one. Then the total mass of the X-101 cruise missiles will be 19,200 kg. If you use the container described in RF patent 2513079 for transportation and discharge of cargo, then all cruise missiles and the container move simultaneously to the cargo compartment opening, which should total more than 20,000 kg - the maximum mass of a single load that is allowed for loading and moving in the cargo compartment of IL- 76.

In the case of using the claimed device for transporting and dumping cargo, a movable cassette moves with the total mass of cruise missiles equal to 9600 kg to the cargo compartment opening. During the military tests, successful landing was carried out from IL-76 BMD-4M landing vehicle, the mass of which is 13600 kg. That is, moving and dropping a load of a given mass does not lead to loss of controllability of the aircraft. The mass of the movable cassette together with the movable load must be within these limits.

The length of the fixed cartridge cassette containing the X-101 cruise missiles is 8 m. The minimum length of the movable cartridge is 12 m. When opening the ramp and compartment doors, the cassette must be pulled out of the front edge of the ramp so that the load is dropped without risk of collision with the edge ramp. With a ramp length of 4.5 m, it is enough to extend the movable cartridge by 5-6 m, so that its center of mass does not extend beyond the container to avoid additional force loads on the container structure and its fastening to the cargo compartment.

The supply of four missiles at once to the discharge zone allows their quick discharge. At an airplane speed of 700 km / h, the discharge of each cargo with an interval of 2 s and the speed of discharge of cargo from the container cell at a speed of 2-5 m / s will provide a horizontal distance between the dropped cargo of about 380 m, a vertical of 20 m. This will ensure a start and acceleration of each cruise missile without the danger of their collision. Thus, a high discharge rate is achieved in comparison with that proposed in the patent of the Russian Federation 2513079.

Claims (3)

1. A device for transporting and dumping goods for a transport aircraft, wherein said device comprises one container located in the cargo compartment of the aircraft, characterized in that the container, fixed in the cargo compartment motionless, contains one stationary cassette with at least one cargo located in the bow of the container and a movable cartridge with at least one load located in the rear of the container, while the movable cartridge has the possibility of longitudinal about movement inside the container along the guides using the means of moving the mobile cartridge from the transport position, in which the mobile cartridge is completely inside the container, to the reset position with the possibility of moving the cartridge in the longitudinal direction to the rear of the transport aircraft, further location of the cartridge outside the transport aircraft through the opening of the tail of the cargo compartment, dumping the cargo located inside the movable cartridge and having the opportunity longitudinal movement inside the movable cartridge along the guides with the help of means of moving cargo located inside the movable cartridge in the direction opposite to the direction of flight of the transport aircraft, as well as with the possibility of moving the cartridge with the help of vehicles along the guides in the bow of the container and dock with the stationary cartridge this guide, located inside the movable cartridge, made with the possibility of matching with the guides located in a fixed cash register e, with the possibility of movement of the load located in the fixed cassette, in the cassette according docked movable guide using mobile cargo disposed within the fixed cassette, and further movement of the movable cassette into the tail portion of the cargo compartment to move from the fixed discharge cargo compartment. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the fixed and movable cassettes can consist of matching in size and arrangement of cells, each of which can accommodate the load. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that each of the cells of the movable and fixed cassettes has guides made with the possibility of moving the goods placed in them, and a means of moving the goods, while the guides located in the cells of both cassettes are made with the possibility of docking with each other when docking the movable cartridge with the stationary one for the possibility of moving goods from each cell of the stationary cartridge to the corresponding cell of the movable cartridge.

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