RU2707602C1 - Set filtration ventilation universal to provide air supply in fortification structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: protection means.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of collective protection of people and is intended to provide air supply and creation of excessive pressure in fortification structures in contaminated atmosphere. Universal filter and ventilation kit for providing air supply in a fortification structure comprises a filtration ventilation plant comprising an explosion-proof device for preliminary cleaning from coarse dust, air flow stimulator – electric hand fan, prefilter and filter-absorber for air purification from bacterial mixtures (BM), radioactive (RS), poisonous (PS) and strong poisonous substances (SPS) to required parameters. At the same time absorbing filter is made in form of detachable structure, which includes sorbent unit and anti-aerosol filter, and all elements are arranged in two cases of identical size, made with possibility of their installation on each other and connection by locks.

EFFECT: technical result consists in improvement of efficiency in installation and dismantling of article in fortification structure, ease during transportation, high degree of reliability and safety when using and protecting against vapors and gases of PS, RS, BM and SPS.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means of collective protection of people and is intended to provide air supply and create excessive pressure in fortifications in the atmosphere contaminated with toxic substances, radioactive dust, bacterial mixtures and potent toxic substances (hereinafter - OM, RP, BS and SDYAV).

Collective protection means are known from the prior art for purifying atmospheric air from RP, OV, BS, and SDYAV and supplying it to collective protection objects for the purpose of ventilating inhabited premises of objects, providing air for personnel sheltering in them, and also creating excessive pressure (backwater ), which prevents the penetration of external contaminated air into the room through leaks in the building envelope.

Known filter ventilation unit FVA-100/50 / cm. [1] Collective protective equipment. Classification, protective properties of structures used to protect personnel and equipment from weapons of mass destruction. Complete set and structure of filtering installations, sets and units. [Electronic resource] http: //Voenservice.ru/boevayapodgotovka/radiatsionnoya-himicheskaya-i-biologicheskayf-zaschita/sredstva-kollektivnoy-zaschitnyie-svoystva-soorujeniy-primenyaemyih-dlya-zasch. 08. [2] Collective protective equipment for fortifications. Section Three. Special training. [Electronic resource] URL: http /// textarchive / ru / c-1054098-p8.html. (July 31, 2018) [3] Installation and Operating Instructions for Units, Moscow, Headquarters of the USSR Civil Defense Organization, 1970, p. 33, [Electronic resource] /data.1000gost.ru/catalog/Data2/1/4293764/4293764735.pdf ) /.

The FVA-100/50 unit is used to equip military fortifications at command and medical posts, as well as shelters for personnel with a capacity of up to 20 people. The unit is designed to purify atmospheric air from OV, RP, BS and supply purified air to the protective structure and consists of an explosion-proof device, a fan with an electric motor and a manual drive, an air flow indicator, a filter-absorber, and an air intake device. The fan is designed for intake, movement of external air through an explosion-proof device, an air duct and a filter-absorber, supplying purified air to the structure and creating backwater in it. An explosion-proof device serves to protect against overpressure penetration into the structure during a shock wave through an air intake device, as well as to clean incoming air from large particles of radioactive or other dust, and atmospheric precipitation to enter the air intake device. An air intake device (duct) is used to supply external air to the filter-absorber. The filter-absorber is used to purify the air supplied to the structure from the OM, RP, BS.

In the FVA-100/50 unit, one explosion-proof device serves to protect against the penetration of a shock wave through an air intake device and a filter-absorber, and the other serves to protect against penetration of a shock wave through a tambour blowdown device.

When the filter-ventilation unit is turned on, artificial forced ventilation is created. Excessive pressure (back up) is created when clean air is supplied, which prevents the penetration of contaminated air into the room.

The FVA-100/50 unit provides up to 100 m3 of air per hour to the structures.

Disadvantages: low air performance in ventilation mode and protection against strong substances is not provided.

Known filter and ventilation set FVK-200K / cm. [1] Collective protective equipment. Classification, protective properties of structures used to protect personnel and equipment from weapons of mass destruction. Complete set and structure of filtering installations, sets and units. [Electronic resource] http://Voenservice.ru/boevaya podgotovka / radiatsionnoya-himicheskaya-i-biologicheskayf-zaschita / sredstva-kollektivnoy-zaschitnyie-svoystva-soorujeniy-primenyaemyih-dlya-zaschit. (08/08/2018). [2] Collective protective equipment for fortifications. Section Three. Special training. [Electronic resource] URL: http /// textarchive / ru / c-1054098-p8.html. (July 31, 2018) [3] Installation and Operating Instructions for Units, Moscow, Headquarters of the USSR Civil Defense Organization, 1970, p. 33, [Electronic resource] /data.1000gost.ru/catalog/Data2/1/4293764/4293764735.pdf ) /.

The FVK-200K filter and ventilation set is used to equip military fortifications with a capacity of up to 40 people and contains an explosion-proof device, a filter absorber with a sorbing block and an anti-aerosol filter, a control panel (differential pressure gauge), a device for blowing the tambours, a deflector device. The device for blowing the vestibules is designed to provide ventilation of the vestibules in the fortifications. It consists of the same parts as the explosion-proof device, and differs from it by the presence of a valve for air flow. In the FVK-200K filter and ventilation kit, a deflector protective device is included in the device for blowing the tambours instead of an explosion-proof device. When the kit is operating, the valve opens under the action of backwater and the air from the vestibule goes out. When the kit stops, the valve closes and prevents the penetration of outside air into the vestibule.

Set FVK-200K and provides air supply to the structure up to 200 m3 hour.

Disadvantages: this kit does not take into account the possibility of rapid deployment of collective protective equipment in unprepared facilities, does not provide cleaning of the supplied air from potent toxic substances and automatic adjustment of air flow.

This kit is the closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution. It is taken as a prototype of the invention.

The objective of the invention is to create a universal filtering kit, which will allow:

- increase mobility due to compact placement in 2 cases;

- provide an additional level of air protection from SDYAV;

- automatically adjust and maintain a stable air flow in the fortification structure.

The technical result consists in providing increased efficiency in the installation and dismantling of the product in fortifications, ease of transportation, a high degree of reliability and safety when using and protection against fumes and gases of HV, PB, BS and SDYAV.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed universal filtering set for providing air supply in a fortification structure contains a filtering installation including an explosion-proof device for preliminary cleaning of coarse dust, an air flow inducer - an electric hand fan, a prefilter and a filter-absorber for purifying air from radioactive, bacterial poisonous substances (OM) and potent toxic substances (SDYA) to the required parameters s. In this case, the filter-absorber is made in the form of a collapsible design, including a sorbing unit for absorbing OM and SDYAW and an anti-aerosol filter from fine dust and aerosols.

The elements are placed in two identical-sized cases, made with the possibility of installing them on each other and connected by locks-couplers, and the prefilter arranged in series with the filter-absorber is mounted with an air duct and with a diffuser with a nozzle and placed in the lower case, the air flow inducer is located in the upper case, also equipped with a control and monitoring panel, and the explosion-proof device is connected to the air intake duct outside the fortification structure.

The universal set differs from analogues in its design, autonomy, and compact design. To increase mobility, the modular principle of node construction was used, as well as the principle of interchangeability of parts of the kit.

The filter-ventilation installation includes an explosion-proof device 7, an air flow inducer - an electric hand fan 3, a prefilter 1, as well as a new collapsible filter-absorber design, which includes an aerosol filter and a sorbing unit. To absorb OM and SDYAW, the filter-absorber is equipped with a sorbing unit, and for air purification from fine dust and aerosols by an anti-aerosol filter. The collapsible design of the filter-absorber 2 allows you to replace the aerosol filter after working out its life without disassembling the entire filter-absorber, thereby increasing the work of the filter-absorber and the installation as a whole.

The control and monitoring panel ensures the operation of the installation in manual and automatic mode with the ability to adjust and maintain the flow rate and stability of the air pressure. The control and monitoring panel is equipped with carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide indicators and an automatic gas analyzer, an indicator of the pressure at the outlet of the unit, an air flow indicator, an electric motor rotation regulator.

The use of air flow control and air back pressure control devices with an output to the control and control panel allows one to determine in advance the need to replace the anti-aerosol filter in the filter absorber, and the use of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide indicators connected to the control and control panel allows timely switching on of the filter ventilation unit when threshold values are exceeded monitored parameters and suspend its operation during their normalization, saving the work resource fi pouring part and installation as a whole.

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, which shows a general view of a filter-ventilation kit, and FIG. 2 - an illustrative photograph.

The proposed filter-ventilation set includes: a filter-ventilation installation, including an explosion-proof device 7, an air flow inducer (electric fan) 3, a prefilter 1, a filter-absorber 2, a control and monitoring panel 6 (on the side wall of the case).

Elements of the kit are placed inside the protective structure, the explosion-proof device 7 is connected to the duct outside the protective structure. The kit is arranged in two separate, equally sized cases, mounted on top of each other and interconnected by locks - ties.

In the lower case 4, the prefilter 1 with the filter-absorber 2 is arranged in series, connected by the bayonet lock, and in the upper case 5 there is an air flow inducer (electric fan) 3. A casing is connected to the body of the prefilter 1, which is connected to the air intake pipe by a flexible sleeve. Flexible hoses connect the transfer branch pipe and the fan air outlet pipe.

The filter-absorber 2 with prefilter 1 is assembled with an air duct and a diffuser with a nozzle and placed in the lower case 4. On the side wall of the lower case 4 a diffuser with a nozzle and an air duct is fixed to the “Air inlet” hole.

On the side wall of the upper case 5, a diffuser is fixed with a pipe and an air duct to the “Air outlet” hole. On the opposite walls of the cases, diffusers are fixed with bends to the holes with dowels. The dowels allow you to set the diffusers in the only correct position. The covers of the cases are locked and the upper case 5 is mounted on the lower case 4. The cases are fastened together by locks-couplers. An air duct is mounted on the diffusers with bends and secured with coupling clamps. The free end of the duct from the lower case 4 is secured with a coupling collar with the supply duct of the protective structure. The free end of the duct from the upper case 5 is connected to the outlet duct of the protective structure.

The control and monitoring panel and the indicator block are located on the side walls of the cases. The control panel is located on the side wall of the upper case 5. The indicator block is located on the side wall of the lower case 4. The components of the control and control panel are connected to each other and other components of the installation by connecting cables through the patch panel located on the wall of the upper case 5.

The start of the filter-ventilation kit is carried out if there is a power supply network or when the power unit is connected. During the operation of the kit, it is monitored according to indicators. Monitoring of the parameters of the air environment and adjustment of air flow is automatic. In the event of a power outage or lack of power, a manual fan drive is used. Bringing the kit into action is carried out through the handle of a manual drive. Disabling the kit is done automatically or manually through the control panel or the toggle switch on the patch panel. At the end of the kit, the power cable is disconnected from the mains.

The filter-ventilation kit works as follows: contaminated air under the discharge created by the flow inducer - an electric fan 3 first enters the explosion-proof device 7, where it is first cleaned of coarse dust, then through the connecting ducts it enters the case with prefilter 1 and the filter-absorber 2, where final air purification from radioactive, bacterial, poisonous and potent toxic substances to the required parameters.

Through the transfer duct through the inducer of the air flow - electric fan 3, located in the upper case 5, the cleaned air is discharged into the serviced room. The created backwater (overpressure) ensures the tightness of the protective structure and the penetration of contaminated air from the outside. The power supply of the kit is provided from the mains or the electrical unit. To cool the fan motor in the case case, overflow ventilation grilles are provided.

The operation modes of the filtering and ventilation unit are made using the control and monitoring panel. The control and monitoring panel provides automatic adjustment of the fan motor speed. When the maximum permissible concentration of toxic substances is reached, the light and sound alarms are turned on, as well as the fan of the filter and ventilation unit is switched on in the mode of maintaining maximum air flow.

The control and control panel includes installation when the threshold concentration of controlled substances is reached, and it allows you to adjust the air flow and pressure. The installation can be operated in manual mode. In manual mode, when setting the air flow on the control panel, when the maximum permissible concentration of carbon monoxide and (or) carbon dioxide is reached, the light and sound alarms will turn on, but the fan of the filter ventilation installation will not switch to the maximum mode. Switching on and adjusting the fan speed of the filter ventilation unit is carried out using the buttons on the control panel.

During transportation, in both cases all the elements of the filter-ventilation kit are located, with the exception of the explosion-proof device.

Thus, in the claimed invention eliminated the disadvantages characteristic of the prototype and analogue and solved the tasks, namely:

- the placement of the elements of the filter and ventilation set in two cases, made with the possibility of installation on each other and connection with locks-couplers provides increased efficiency of installation and dismantling of the product in fortifications, and ease of transportation, increased mobility;

- for protection against vapors and gases of ОВ, РВ, БС and СДЯВ, the filter-ventilation set is equipped with a new collapsible filter-absorber design, including a sorbing unit for absorbing ОВ and СДЯВ, and for the air purification from fine dust and aerosols - an aerosol filter. An additional level of protection against SDYAV is provided;

- the ability to automatically maintain a stable air flow in the fortification by using the control and monitoring panel, which provides a high degree of reliability and safety when using a filter and ventilation kit;

- signs confirming the versatility of the filtering and ventilation set are signs characterizing the use of different components in the filter-absorber, which ensure the purification of vapors and gases ОВ, РВ, БС and СДЯВ.

Thus, each of the features of the claimed population to a greater or lesser extent affects the solution of the problem, and the entire population is sufficient to characterize the claimed technical solution.

Claims (2)

1. Universal filtering and ventilation kit for providing air supply in a fortification installation, containing a filtering and ventilation installation, including an explosion-proof device for preliminary cleaning of coarse dust, an air flow inducer - an electric hand fan, a prefilter and a filter-absorber for purifying air from radioactive, bacterial, and toxic substances (ОВ) and potent toxic substances (SDYA) to the required parameters, characterized in that the filter absorber is made in the form of boron structure, including a sorbing unit for absorbing OM and SDYAW and an aerosol anti-aerosol filter from fine dust and aerosols, while the elements are placed in two equally sized cases made with the possibility of installing them on top of each other and connected by locks-couplers, and the prefilter arranged in series with the filter-absorber is mounted with an air duct and with a diffuser with a pipe and placed in the lower case; the air flow inducer is located in the upper case, also equipped with a control panel and Rola, and explosion-proof equipment is connected to the air intake duct from the outside fortification. 2. The kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating modes of the filtering and ventilation kit are carried out by a control and monitoring panel, which is a control panel to which a carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide indicator, a pressure indicator for controlling air at the inlet of the vent, and a flow indicator are connected in parallel air and motor speed controller.

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