RU2705779C1 - Small-sized feed mill - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: small-size feed mill relates to agricultural machine building, particularly, to livestock breeding mechanization, and can be used in production of feedstuffs in conditions of small forms of farming. Small-size feed mill comprises hopper installed vertically and divided into sectors by partitions, main funnel, additional funnel with neck with spiral guides. Funnel of the main funnel is made solid, its inner part is equipped with plates installed at an angle to the flare. Under the main funnel there is a cylindrical grinding chamber with a rotary blade fixed on the shaft of the independent electric drive. Lateral walls of the grinding chamber are made as a detachable ring with holes. In the mouth of the additional funnel there is a window with a dosing unit for feeding loose additives. Under the additional funnel there is a screw conveyor driven into rotary motion by an electric drive.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to reduce energy consumption for process of compound feed preparation with simultaneous increase of mixture quality due to components dosing precision.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to means of mechanization of animal husbandry, and can be used in the production of animal feed in small forms of farming.

Known small-sized feed mill (patent RU 2222239), comprising a housing with loading bins. Coaxially one above the other in one cylindrical body, a grinding chamber with a crusher, a chamber for introducing bulk additives with a dispenser, and a mixing chamber with a mixer and an unloading device are installed.

The disadvantage of the unit is the high energy intensity of the process of preparing feed.

The closest in fact to the claimed device is a dispenser-mixer (patent RU 2490601), containing a hopper mounted vertically and divided into sectors by partitions, one of which is fixed rigidly, and the other are mounted with the possibility of angular movement relative to the fixed partition and fixed in position by screws , a cuff telescopically mounted at the lower end of the hopper, a disk with a diameter larger than the diameter of the cuff, mounted below it and rigidly fixed relative to the hopper, a drive shaft, with ribs placed under the cuff and not extending beyond it, interacting with the disk and rigidly connected to the drive shaft symmetrically with respect to its axis, radial straight lines of the disk intersect at least one scraper, the main funnel, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the disk placed under the latter, having a bell of the window, and under the neck there is a diffuser with an independent drive, an additional funnel with a neck rigidly connected to the main one and placed under the last, spiral n guides.

The disadvantages of the known dispenser-mixer are the low accuracy of the dosing of crushed grain material due to arching, especially when dosing a large number of components. In addition, in the production of animal feed directly on the farm, it is desirable to combine all the production processes of feed in one small unit.

An analysis of the known technical solutions revealed that the technical problem in this area is the need to expand the arsenal of technical means, namely small-sized devices for the production of animal feed in the conditions of farms.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce energy costs for the process of preparing animal feed while improving the quality of the mixture due to the accuracy of the dosing of the components.

To solve this problem and achieve the specified technical result, the small-sized feed mill contains a hopper mounted vertically and divided into sectors by partitions, one of which is fixed rigidly, and the others are mounted with the possibility of angular movement relative to the fixed partition and fixed in position by screws, cuff, telescopically mounted on the lower end of the hopper, a disk with a diameter larger than the diameter of the cuff, mounted below it and rigidly fixed relative to hopper, drive shaft, scrapers located under the cuff and not beyond its borders, interacting with the disk and rigidly connected to the drive shaft symmetrically about its axis, radial straight lines of the disk intersect at least one scraper, the main funnel, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the disk, placed under the latter, an additional funnel, a neck with spiral guides. In this case, the bell of the main funnel is made whole, and its inner part is equipped with plates mounted at an angle to the bell, in addition, a cylindrical grinding chamber with a rotary knife mounted on the shaft of an independent electric drive is mounted under the main funnel, and the side walls of the grinding chamber are made in the form of a removable ring with holes, while in the neck of an additional funnel, a window with a dispenser for introducing bulk additives is made, and a screw conveyor mounted in the rotary is mounted under it electric drive.

The signs of the proposed device and the resulting technical result have the following causal relationship.

Distinctive features of the device in combination with similar ones and the effect of reducing energy costs are in the following causal dependence.

The main funnel is made integral and equipped with a number of plates located at an angle to the bell of the main funnel. Below the main funnel, a grinding chamber of a cylindrical shape, the side walls of which are made in the form of a removable ring with holes, is fixed on stretch marks. In the grinding chamber there is a rotary knife in the form of a plate mounted on the shaft of an independent electric drive. The neck of the additional funnel has a window with a dispenser for introducing bulk additives, below the neck there is an electric screw conveyor.

In the event of a fall, a continuous stream consisting of separate sectors of individual components, encountering plates in its path, comes in a thin layer in contact with the bell of the main funnel and begins to move down it to the bottom of the funnel. Further, the components of the grain material fall into the grinding chamber, then into the neck of an additional funnel, where mixing with additives takes place. Pre-mixed feed passes final mixing in the unloading conveyor.

The proposed set of features will increase the accuracy of dosing, upon receipt of crushed feed mixtures, and the presence of a dispenser of bulk additives will allow you to get full feed in a small unit with low energy consumption.

Thus, the features of the proposed device are significant, and the resulting technical result solves the technical problem of the invention.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a small-sized feed mill in a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA shown in FIG. one.

A small-sized feed mill is arranged as follows. A hopper 2 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1, at the lower end of which a sleeve 3 is telescopically mounted, fixed on the hopper by a screw 4. A disk 5 is placed below the sleeve 3, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the sleeve 3. The disk 5 is mounted on the frame 1 with brackets 6 coaxially with the hopper 2. The pipe 7 is rigidly connected to the hopper 2 by a fixed partition 8. Inside the pipe 7, a drive shaft 9 is installed, which drives the scrapers 10 by means of the hub 11. The scrapers 10 are formed along a curve, at each point of which is tangent to the curve and a radial straight image there is an acute angle greater than the angle of friction between the feed bulk mixture (any used on the dispenser) and the surface of the scraper 10, and placed symmetrically relative to the axis of the shaft 9. The shaft 9 is rotated from the gear motor 12 through the coupling 13. The device is equipped with movable partitions 14, which, if necessary, can be moved in the angular direction relative to the partition 8 along the guide rings 15, passed through the upper and lower holes made in the partitions 14, and fixed in position with the screws 16, about uschennymi formed through the upper end of the hopper 2 the slots 17 and screwed into the bosses formed on the upper endings of the partitions 14.

Below the disk 5, the main funnel 18 is fixedly mounted on the frame 1 with a number of plates 19 mounted at an angle to the funnel 18. The neck of the main funnel 18 has a notch 20, which serves as the input of the mixture components into the grinding chamber 21. The side walls of the grinding chamber 21 are made in in the form of a removable ring 22 with holes. Inside the grinding chamber 21 there is a rotary knife 23 in the form of a plate, rotationally driven by an electric motor 24. Below the grinding chamber 21 there is an additional funnel 25 with a neck 26, which has a window 27 with a dispenser of bulk additives 28, and spiral guides 29 are fixed inside the neck 26. Under the neck 26 is a screw conveyor 30, rotationally driven by an electric motor 31.

A small feed mill operates as follows. The cuff 3 is fixed on the hopper 2 in a position in which the height of the windows between the lower end of the cuff 3 and the disk 5 corresponds to the desired feed. The components of the feed mixture are poured into the corresponding sectors of the hopper 2, which are distributed over the disk 5 under the corresponding sectors and scattered over the cuff 3 on the edge of the disk 5 at an angle of repose of the components. For a short time, the motor gearbox 12 is turned on. Scrapers 10 around the circle begin to shift the components to the edge of the disk 5. From the edge of the disk 5 in the area of the sector with the component with the smallest angle of repose, the component begins to pour, and in other sectors, a free strip on the disk is first filled 5 at its edge, and then the component begins to crumble. The gear motor 12 is turned off: the small-sized feed mill is ready for use. When the gearmotor 12 is switched on and on again, the components are sprinkled immediately, simultaneously with the entire edge of the disk 5. When the gearmotor 12 is turned on, the continuous flow of components in the free fall occurs with the plates 19, the grain components are preliminarily mixed and sprinkled on the main funnel 18 through the cutout 20 into the grinding chamber 21, where, under the action of the rotary knife 23, driven into rotational motion by the electric motor 24, the grain is ground and further mixed ianie. Next, the crushed grain mixture through the holes of the ring 22 is poured onto an additional funnel 25 and through the neck 26 it enters the spiral guides 29. At the same time, the dispenser 25 through the hole 27 feeds granular additives in a predetermined proportion to the neck 26 — preliminary mixing of the crushed grain material and granular additives on spiral guides 29. The final mixing occurs when the mixture moves along the auger conveyor 30, which is rotationally driven by an electric motor 31.

Small-sized feed mill can be used to prepare whole grain mixtures with the addition of bulk additives.

The proposed set of features of the device in comparison with the prototype determines the receipt of a technical result - a reduction in energy costs for the process of preparing animal feed while improving the quality of the mixture due to the accuracy of the dosage of the components.

Claims (1)

A small-sized feed mill unit containing a hopper mounted vertically and divided into sectors by partitions, one of which is rigidly fixed, and the other are mounted with the possibility of angular movement relative to the fixed partition and fixed in position by screws, a cuff telescopically mounted at the lower end of the hopper, a disk with a diameter of large diameter cuffs installed below it and rigidly fixed relative to the hopper, the drive shaft, scrapers placed under the cuff, not extending beyond saddles interacting with the disk and rigidly connected to the drive shaft symmetrically with respect to its axis, with radial straight disks crossing at least one scraper, in addition, the unit contains a main funnel whose diameter exceeds the diameter of the disk located under the latter, and an additional funnel in the neck in which spiral guides are mounted, characterized in that the bell of the main funnel is made integral, while its inner part is provided with plates mounted at an angle to the bell, in addition, d the main funnel mounted a cylindrical grinding chamber with a rotary knife mounted on the shaft of an independent electric drive, and the side walls of the grinding chamber are made in the form of a removable ring with holes, while in the neck of the additional funnel a window with a dispenser for introducing bulk additives is made, and a screw screw is mounted under it rotary conveyor driven by an electric drive.

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