RU2700096C1 - Highly concentrated plant nutrition improver - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: inventions relate to agriculture. Plant nutrition correctors consist of a polyfunctional high-molecular compound – a matrix containing in the side chain at least two types of functional groups selected from the following row: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, lactam, nitrile, sulphonic, phosphonic, wherein the active components comprise at least one of the following macroelements in the following amounts: nitrogen – not less than 10 g/l, potassium in terms of K₂O – not less than 10 g/l, phosphorus in terms of P₂O₅ – not less than 10 g/l or at least one of microelements in following amounts: sulfur in terms of SO₄ ^2- – not less than 55 g/l, zinc – not less than 15 g/l, boron – not less than 25 g/l, molybdenum – not less than 15 g/l, calcium – not less than 10 g/l, iron – not less than 15.5 g/l, magnesium – not less than 55 g/l, and as a preserving agent selected from group: glutaric aldehyde, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, methylparaben or its salts, propylparaben or its salts.

EFFECT: inventions allow to create highly concentrated plant nutrition correctors, on a polymer base, which ensure increase in the yield and quality of agricultural products and have a long storage life.

7 cl, 1 dwg, 4 ex

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The claimed technical solution relates to agriculture, namely to plant growing, and can be used to feed plants with macro- and / or microelements during root and foliar treatment, as well as in nutrient solutions of hydroponic crops.

BACKGROUND

It is known that without the organization of proper mineral nutrition, growing crops becomes low-yielding, and the quality of agricultural products decreases. For normal development, the plant needs both macro- (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) and microelements (calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, molybdenum, copper, zinc, iron, manganese). Macronutrients are the "building material" for the plant organism, contribute to the growth of green mass and the development of the root system. Microelements are involved in the activation of many enzyme systems, accelerate biochemical reactions, and promote photosynthesis. Macro- and microelements are often found in the soil, or applied under the root, in a form inaccessible to the plant. To improve their assimilation, various schemes are used, for example, they introduce nutrients in the form of chelates. This method increases the efficiency of mineral nutrition, but does not provide a prolonged action of the active components. This problem can be solved by introducing into the composition of the fertilizer a polymer adhesive and a prolongator of the action of the active components.

Known fertilizer "AQUADON" (RU, patent No. 2347789, C08F 222/10, C05F 3/00, publ. 02/27/2009) based on a polymer matrix containing fragments of carboxylic acids, containing at least two monomer fragments selected from the following group monomers: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, N-vinylamide, as well as trace elements. As trace elements, the fertilizer contains salts of at least one of the following elements in the following amounts: 0.1-10.0 g / l Fe, 0.05-10.0 g / l Cu, 0.01-10.0 g / l Mo, 0.05-10.0 g / l Zn, mg / l, 0.1-15 g / l B, 0.1-10.0 g / l Mn, 0.05-5.0 g / l Co. Fertilizer is used both in the main application of fertilizers in the soil, and in foliar fertilizing of plants during the growing season, in open or protected soil in the form of a liquid or aerosol in a concentration of, as a rule, 0.1-0.2% at a flow rate of 1-3 l / ha.

The disadvantage of this fertilizer, as shown by practical application, is that the structure of the polymer used in this fertilizer does not allow active substances to be introduced into the polymer matrix at a concentration of more than 10 g / l (5 g / l for cobalt), and also give an increase in yield at a flow rate less than 1 l / ha, which, given the high cost of this fertilizer, significantly increases the cost of sheet processing of the field.

The closest in its technical characteristics is a polymer fertilizer (application 2017135868 dated 09.10.2017) based on a polymer matrix containing nutrients, while a polyfunctional high molecular weight compound with a molecular weight of 500-500000 containing at least two in the side chain is used as a polymer matrix types of functional groups selected from the following series: amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, lactam, nitrile, ester, sulfonic, phosphonic, aromatic heterocycle, and as nutrients, it contains at least one of micro- and / or mesoelements in the following amounts, calculated on the element: iron - 200-15000 mg / l, boron - 70-20000 mg / l, copper - 25-12000 mg / l, molybdenum - 10-12000 mg / l, zinc - 30-12000 mg / l, manganese - 300-14000 mg / l, cobalt - 3-7000 mg / l, magnesium - 1000-50000 mg / l, sulfur - 500-50000 mg / l, calcium - 10-10000 mg / l, silicon - 1-6000 mg / l.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the lack of essential nutrients for the plant in the fertilizer — nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as well as the restriction of trace elements — iron, boron, zinc, sulfur, calcium, molybdenum, magnesium — to low concentrations, which reduces the effectiveness of this fertilizer in relation to increasing the yield and quality of agricultural products, compared with more concentrated peers.

In addition, as shown by practical application, when stored for a long period (more than 3 years), in case of contamination, this fertilizer can undergo microbiological infection due to the absence of preservatives, such as glutaraldehyde, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, 1 , 3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, thiazole derivatives, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, methyl paraben or its salt, propyl paraben or its salt.

The technical tasks on both grounds are the creation of a highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition, on a polymer basis, providing increased yield and quality of agricultural products, and having a long shelf life, while

the first combination provides stimulation of plant growth and the full development of the root system;

and the second combination provides balanced nutrition of plants with microelements for the intensification of photosynthesis.

DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

The technical result of the above first task is achieved by creating a highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition, consisting of a multifunctional high molecular weight compound (matrix) containing at least two types of functional groups in the side chain selected from the following series: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, lactam , nitrile, ester, sulfonic, phosphonic, aromatic heterocycle, characterized in that it contains as minimum active ingredients the mind is one of the macrocells in the following amounts: nitrogen - at least 10 g / l, potassium (in terms of K ₂ O) - at least 10 g / l, phosphorus (in terms of P ₂ O ₅ ) - at least 10 g / l, and as a preservative, a substance selected from the group: glutaraldehyde, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, thiazole derivatives, 2-bromo-2- nitropropane-1,3-diol, methylparaben or its salt, propylparaben or its salt. This feature provides a significant increase in agricultural productivity at low dosages, less than 1 l / ha, due to the development of the leaf apparatus and the root system of the plant and significantly increases the shelf life of the corrector, compared with analogues, due to the introduction of a preservative with a high biocidal activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

A technical solution is possible according to the first task, in which the plant nutrition corrector contains humic acids or their salts in a concentration of at least 5 g / l. This feature provides stimulation of plant growth and the full development of the root system, which leads to a more efficient assimilation of the main nutrition by the plant, while an additional factor is loosening of the soil and improving the structure of the soil.

A technical solution is possible according to the first problem, in which the matrix of the plant nutrition corrector has a molecular weight of up to 4,000,000 Da. This feature provides a more reliable fixation of the corrector on the surface of the sheet due to the high adsorption ability of the matrix of the corrector of plant nutrition and helps to increase the yield of agricultural products.

The technical result of the above second task is achieved by creating a highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition, consisting of a multifunctional high molecular weight compound (matrix) containing at least two types of functional groups in the side chain selected from the following series: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, lactam , nitrile, ester, sulfonic, phosphonic, aromatic heterocycle, characterized in that it contains as minimum active ingredients the mind is one of the trace elements in the following amounts: sulfur (in terms of SO ₄ ^2- ) - at least 55 g / l, zinc - at least 15 g / l, boron - at least 25 g / l, molybdenum - at least 15 g / l, calcium - not less than 10 g / l, iron - not less than 15.5 g / l, magnesium - not less than 55 g / l, and as a preservative a substance selected from the group: glutaraldehyde, 3-iodo-2 propynylbutylcarbamate, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, thiazole derivatives, 2-bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, methylparaben or its salt, propyl paraben or its salt. These signs provide the ability to adjust plant nutrition with microelements in accordance with the composition of the soil, climatic conditions and the needs of a particular variety of agricultural crop, which positively affects the yield of agricultural products.

A technical solution is possible according to the second problem, in which the plant nutrition corrector contains at least one of the trace elements in the following amounts: manganese - at least 1 g / l, copper - at least 0.5 g / l, silicon - at least 1 g / l, sodium - at least 1 g / l, iodine - at least 1 g / l. The indicated feature provides the ability to carry out complex dressing of plants with microelements, which activates the process of photosynthesis.

A technical solution is possible, according to the second task, in which the plant nutrition corrector contains humic acids or their salts in a concentration of at least 5 g / l. The specified sign provides stimulation of growth. Due to this, a full development of the root system occurs, which leads to a more efficient assimilation of the main nutrition by the plant, while an additional factor is loosening of the soil and improving the structure of the soil.

A technical solution is possible, according to the second task, in which the plant nutrition corrector according to claim 2, characterized in that the matrix has a molecular weight of up to 4,000,000 Da. This feature provides a more reliable fixation of the corrector on the surface of the sheet due to the high adsorption capacity of the matrix and helps to increase the yield of agricultural products.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

The claimed technical solution, namely a highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition, for both combinations, consists of a multifunctional high molecular weight compound, namely a matrix, and contains in the side chain at least two types of functional groups selected from the following series: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, lactam, nitrile, ester, sulfonic, phosphonic, aromatic heterocycle.

At the same time, the macroelements declared in the first combination: nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, ensure the growth and development of plants, the root system, leaf apparatus, which is confirmed by experiments where it was established that leaf dressing of plants with fertilizers with a concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of more than 10 g / l is especially important in the initial stages of development, when the root system is not yet sufficiently developed. The supply of macronutrients through the leaf apparatus stimulates the growth of the plant and contributes to a more efficient absorption of the main nutrition and trace elements from the soil.

Moreover, in the second combination of a highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition, the following trace elements are declared as active components: sulfur (in terms of SO ₄ ^2- ) - at least 55 g / l, zinc - at least 15 g / l, boron - at least 25 g / l, molybdenum - not less than 15 g / l, calcium - not less than 10 g / l, iron - not less than 15.5 g / l, magnesium - not less than 55 g / l. This combination of the proposed corrector, if necessary, allows you to fill the deficit of one or another trace element in plant nutrition, thereby providing balanced trace element for the intensification of photosynthesis and increase the yield of agricultural products.

The composition of this combination can be introduced additional trace elements in the following amounts: manganese - at least 1 g / l, copper - at least 0.5 g / l, silicon - at least 1 g / l, sodium - at least 1 g / l , iodine - not less than 1 g / l. All these microelements, as shown by practical application, activate the process of photosynthesis.

Practical application, namely experiments, showed that the introduction of microelements into the polymer matrix at the indicated concentrations ensures the effectiveness of fertilizer with respect to increasing the yield and quality of agricultural products. At the same time, due to the high concentration of active substances and the use of a polymer matrix as an adhesive, a prolongator and an amplifier of the action of active components, it is possible to use fertilizer in small doses, which reduces labor costs and also improves the environmental friendliness of the corrector by optimizing the transportation process (reducing the number of consumer packages made made of plastic, the number of freight is reduced, i.e. fuel consumption).

The preservative introduced into both combinations of a highly concentrated plant nutrition corrector is selected from the group: glutaraldehyde, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, thiazole derivatives, 2-bromo- 2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, methylparaben or its salt, propylparaben or its salt, and has biocidal activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, which significantly, in comparison with analogues, increases the shelf life of the fertilizer.

In this case, additional active components can be introduced into the corrector, namely humic acids or their salts (humates), which provide stimulation of plant growth.

A highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition can be used for root and non-root treatments in nutrient solutions of hydroponic crops.

There are several options for using fertilizer, namely a highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition to increase the yield of agricultural products, but the preferred method of applying fertilizer is according to the sheet. In this case, prepare a 0.2-1% working solution of one of the indicated technical solutions and process the crops 1-3 times a season with a total consumption for the growing season of up to 10 l / ha. At the same time, any water-soluble organic and inorganic salts of these elements, such as sulfates, nitrates, acetates, oxalates, citrates, chlorides, bromides, molybdates, carbonates, phosphates, as well as water-soluble natural ones, can be used as sources of macro- and microelements minerals such as borax, bischofite.

Another version of the implementation of this technical solution provides for the use of an adhesive component of an ultra-high molecular weight polymer matrix — a compound with a molecular weight of up to 4,000,000 Da (the maximum molecular weight achieved for this type of polymer under experimental conditions) as an adhesive and prolonger. The increase in molecular weight leads to a proportional increase in the adsorption capacity of the polymer, due to which the inventive corrector is more securely attached to the surface of the sheet.

At the same time, the tendency of the polymer matrix to complex formation is increasing, which allows the introduction of macro- and microelements in high concentrations into the corrector.

In this case, the polymer adhesive and the prolongator of the action of the active components included in the inventive corrector is a multifunctional high molecular weight compound (matrix) containing at least two types of functional groups in the side chain selected from the following series: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl , lactam, nitrile, ester, sulfonic, phosphonic, aromatic heterocycle, which provides the possibility of introducing micro- and macroelements into the fertilizer at the same time but in different forms, e.g., nitrate and amide nitrogen, phosphorus as phosphates and hypophosphites.

The inventive highly concentrated corrector of plant nutrition on a polymer basis is more effective than analogues, provides balanced nutrition of plants with macro- and microelements, which increases yield and improves the quality of agricultural products, and the introduced preservative provides a longer shelf life of fertilizer.

The essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed corrector in terms of increasing yields and improving the quality of finished products in CJSC Pobeda in the Lomonosov district of the Leningrad region on joint crops of meadow clover Dymkovsky and timothy grass meadow Leningradskaya, fertilizers of the following elemental composition were tested:

1) Nitrogen - 205 g / l, Potassium (K ₂ O) - 12 g / l, Phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) - 18 g / l

2) Nitrogen - 20 g / l, Potassium (K ₂ O) - 34.8 g / l, Phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) - 26 g / l.

In the experiment, non-root treatment was carried out at the rate of 0.5 l of fertilizer per hectare, in the control - water. The yield as a result of applying the corrector obtained according to claim 1 was 695 kg / ha, according to Claim 2 - 663 kg / ha, in the control experiment - 443 kg / ha.

From the results of the experiments it follows that when processing perennial herbs in a dosage of 0.5 l / ha, the inventive nutrition corrector provides a high increase in yield from 50 to 57%. At the same time, there is an increase in dry matter in the green mass of perennial herbs, as well as an increase in the content of crude fiber, that is, the use of fertilizer significantly improves the quality of the finished product.

Example 2. To determine the shelf life of the inventive nutrition corrector, stability was studied by the method of "accelerated aging" for fertilizers of the following elemental composition:

1) Calcium - 80 g / l

2) Nitrogen - 55 g / l, sulfur (SO ₄ ^2- ) - 130 g / l, iron - 25 g / l, boron - 27 g / l, zinc - 40 g / l.

3) Sulfur (SO ₄ ^2- ) - 85 g / l, iron - 34 g / l, manganese - 13 g / l, copper - 1 g / l.

The “accelerated aging” method consists in keeping the test drug at temperatures above its storage temperature. For this study, samples of nutrition correctors were stored at 55 ° C (the temperature at which all physicochemical processes are significantly accelerated, leading to undesirable changes in product quality over time) and at 37 ° C (optimal temperature for the development of pathogenic microorganisms ) 1 month of storage at 55 ° C is equivalent to 1 year of storage of the drug under normal conditions. Physicochemical parameters (appearance, pH, density, content of active components) were weekly evaluated for all samples. Samples stored at 37 ° C were subjected to microbiological testing once a month.

During the six months of testing for “accelerated aging”, no changes in the macro- and microelement composition of nutrition correctors were revealed. Microbiological analysis showed the absence of growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the inventive nutrition corrector is stable for 6 years of storage under normal conditions.

Example 3. To assess the impact of the inventive corrector on the development of the root system of plants in the Rostov region on winter wheat crops, fertilizer was applied according to claim 2 of Example 1. The treatment was carried out by the non-root method in the tillering phase at the rate of 0.3 l / ha. In the control variant, the field was treated with water. 2 weeks after treatment, part of the sprouts was dug up and studied. In FIG. 1 shows that after processing the corrector, the root system is significantly more developed than in the control experiment.

Example 4. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed corrector in terms of increasing yields and improving the quality of finished products in the Mogilev region (Belarus), three times of blackcurrant (grade "Titania") was fertilized from paragraph 3 of example 2 at a rate of 5 l / ha in total. In the control experiment, the treatment was carried out with water. Productivity as a result of applying the corrector increased by 31.5%, while a statistically significant increase in the weight of berries and the average length of annual growth was noted.

From the results of the experiments it follows that the claimed highly concentrated nutrition corrector gives a high increase in productivity and improves the quality of the finished product.

Despite the fact that in this application a technical solution was described on the basis of specific embodiments, a specialist in the art in the light of the ideas set forth in this document can develop additional options for implementation and modification without departing from the essence, or exceeding the scope, technical solution described in the formula. Accordingly, it should be understood that FIG. this document is proposed only to facilitate understanding and should not be construed as limiting its scope.

Claims (7)

1. The plant nutrition corrector, consisting of a multifunctional high-molecular compound - a matrix containing at least two types of functional groups in the side chain selected from the following series: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, lactam, nitrile, sulfonic, phosphonic, characterized in that as active components it contains at least one of the macrocells in the following amounts: nitrogen - at least 10 g / l, potassium in terms of K ₂ O - at least 10 g / l, phosphorus in terms of P ₂ O ₅ - at least 10 g / l, and as a a preservative substance selected from the group: glutaraldehyde, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, 1,3-dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, methyl paraben or its salt, propyl paraben or its salt. 2. The plant nutrition corrector according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains humic acids or their salts in a concentration of at least 5 g / l. 3. The plant nutrition corrector according to claim 1, characterized in that the plant nutrition corrector matrix has a molecular weight of up to 4,000,000 Da. 4. The plant nutrition corrector, consisting of a multifunctional high molecular weight compound - a matrix containing at least two types of functional groups in the side chain selected from the following series: amide, amine, hydroxyl, carbonyl, lactam, nitrile, sulfonic, phosphonic, characterized in that as active components it contains at least one of the microelements in the following amounts: sulfur, in terms of SO ₄ ^2- - at least 55 g / l, zinc - at least 15 g / l, boron - at least 25 g / l, molybdenum - not less than 15 g / l, calcium - not m it is 10 g / l, iron - at least 15.5 g / l, magnesium - at least 55 g / l, and as a preservative, a substance selected from the group: glutaraldehyde, 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, 1.3 dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 4,4-dimethyloxazolidine, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, methyl paraben or a salt thereof, propyl paraben or a salt thereof. 5. The plant nutrition corrector according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains at least one of the trace elements in the following amounts: manganese - at least 1 g / l, copper - at least 0.5 g / l, silicon - at least 1 g / l, sodium - not less than 1 g / l, iodine - not less than 1 g / l. 6. The plant nutrition corrector according to claim 4, characterized in that it contains humic acids or their salts in a concentration of at least 5 g / l. 7. The plant nutrition corrector according to claim 4, characterized in that the matrix has a molecular weight of up to 4,000,000 Da.

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