RU2782046C1 - Diving helmet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: diving equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to diving equipment and relates to diving helmets designed to protect the diver's head from environmental influences. Diving helmet contains a rigid body with a porthole, a connecting neck ring, fittings for main air supply, emergency air supply and telephone connection, main and emergency air supply regulators and an exhaust valve. The emergency air supply regulator is equipped with a spring-loaded push button actuated by the diver's head, and the exhaust valve contains a spring-loaded stem with a push button to bleed air from the helmet space with the diver's head. The automatic gas supply consists of an automatic body with an elastic membrane on the helmet body and a threaded bushing mounted in the side channel of the main air supply fitting. A seat is mounted to the threaded bushing, forming a chamber inside the said bushing, in which a spring-loaded valve is mounted, the stem of which interacts with an elastic membrane, which, when the pressure inside the helmet decreases or the pressure outside the helmet increases, acts on the stem with the valve and provides additional air supply to the helmet from the line main air.

EFFECT: providing the possibility of automatic equalization of pressure in the under-helmet space and increasing the diver's safety when breathing in a helmet under water.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to diving technology and relates to diving helmets designed to protect the diver's head from environmental influences [B63C 11/06].

Known from the prior art is a SURVIVAL HELMET FOR USE IN COMBINATION WITH A RESCUE SUIT [US 2016083058 (A1), publ.: 03/24/2016], containing a helmet surrounding the internal cavity and having an opening, the size of which allows the user's head to pass through it into the internal cavity, the helmet is equipped with fastening elements to the rescue suit; a tube element having an internal channel extending between an upper end and a lower end of said tube element, each of said upper and lower ends having an opening in fluid flow communication with the internal channel; a one-way inhalation valve in an internal passageway of said tubing element, said one-way inhalation valve being constructed and positioned to allow air to flow therethrough, which is directed into the internal passageway from an upper end of said tubing element and to a lower end of said snorkel element; a breathing hose element in the interior of said helmet, and said breathing hose element attached to a lower end of said tubing element through an inhalation port on said helmet; a mouthpiece connected to said inhalation hose element and an exhalation hose element, and said mouthpiece having a breathing hole sized and configured to be selectively connected to the user's mouth, while allowing communication of fluid flow between the inhalation hole in connection with said element for an inhalation hose element and an exhalation port connected to the exhalation hose element; a control element surrounding the internal cavity and having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the specified exhalation hose element is connected to the inlet on the specified control through the exhalation hole on the specified helmet; an air flow channel formed between the inner channel of said tube element, said inhalation hose element, said mouthpiece, exhalation hose element, and the inner cavity of said control element; a one-way exhalation valve in an internal cavity of said control element, said one-way exhalation valve being designed and positioned to allow air to flow through it, which enters the internal cavity through an inlet through the one-way exhalation valve and through an outlet of said control element; and a control valve that is operated manually by a user, and said control valve is designed and positioned to selectively allow or prevent air from flowing through an outlet on said control element, wherein the user can selectively prevent air from flowing through an outlet to inflate the air rescue suit , exhaled through the wearer's nose to facilitate the user's heating and swimming in the body of water, and in which the user can selectively allow airflow through the exhaust port to deflate the survival suit when air enters the airflow channel through the breathing port on said mouthpiece and passes through the one-way exhalation valve and outlet on said control.

The closest in technical essence is a DIVING HELMET [RU 2097261 (C1), publ.: 11/27/1997], containing a rigid body with a porthole, a connecting neck ring, fittings for main air supply, emergency air supply and telephone communication, main air supply regulator and an exhaust valve, characterized in that the window glass is box-shaped with a flat flange around the perimeter, and inside the helmet body there is an emergency air supply regulator made in the form of a body with an air chamber, inlet and outlet air channels and a cover with a central hole in which a spring-loaded push button is installed, driven by the diver's head, and in the air chamber there is a seat with a spring-loaded valve interacting with the mentioned button, and the body is equipped with a third fitting. The exhaust valve includes a body with holes in the base, a seat inside and a limiter on the outside, a threaded cover with holes, a spring-loaded stem with a push button, rigidly connected to the membrane that overlaps the seat, and mounted for movement in the body and cover, moreover, in the base of the body a second membrane is installed to cover the holes.

The main technical problem of analogue and prototype is the lack of automatic equalization of air pressure in the helmet space.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype and create conditions that ensure the combination of both manually by the diver and automatically without the participation of the diver gas supply to the underhelmet space for breathing under various environmental conditions.

Circumstances that may require a combination of gas supply and increased gas supply to the helmet may be:

- a sharp increase in the diver's immersion depth (in diving business - failure), which can lead to his crimping;

- changing the depth of the diver's immersion in the absence of his ability to quickly manually increase the volume of gas for breathing;

- technical difficulties for the descending personnel to quickly respond to the diver's request for an increase in air supply;

- increased workload on the diver and changes in breathing conditions, which may require an increase in the volume of gas for ventilation;

- change in the spatial position of the diver's body when working underwater (tilts, transition from vertical to horizontal position) with a simultaneous change in ambient pressure;

- a planned change in the depth of immersion when performing diving operations.

The technical result of the invention is to provide the possibility of automatic equalization of pressure in the space under the helmet, ensuring the safety of the diver when breathing in a helmet under water and increasing this safety, including in unusual circumstances.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a diving helmet containing a rigid body with a porthole, a connecting neck ring, fittings for main air supply, emergency air supply and telephone communication, main and emergency air supply regulators and an exhaust valve, while the emergency air supply regulator air supply is equipped with a spring-loaded push button actuated by the diver's head, and the exhaust valve contains a spring-loaded stem with a push button for bleeding air from the under-helmet space by the diver's head, characterized in that it contains a gas supply automatic device, which consists of an automatic machine body with an elastic membrane on the helmet body and a threaded bushing mounted in the side channel of the main air supply fitting, a seat is mounted to the threaded bushing, forming a chamber inside the said bushing, in which a spring-loaded valve is mounted, the stem of which interacts with an elastic membrane, which, when Decreasing pressure inside the helmet or increasing pressure outside the helmet acts on the valve stem and provides additional air supply to the helmet from the main air line.

In particular, the gas dispenser is mounted on the rear lower surface of the helmet shell.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 shows a top view of a diving helmet in section.

Figure 2 shows the pneumatic diagram of the automatic gas supply.

The figures indicate: 1 - housing, 2 - porthole, 3 - neck ring, 4 - main air supply fitting, 5 - emergency air supply fitting, 6 - telephone cable entry, 7 - main air supply regulator, 8 - emergency air supply regulator , 9 - release valve, 10 - automatic gas supply, 11 - body of the automatic gas supply, 12 - elastic membrane, 13 - threaded bushing, 14 - seat, 15 - spring-loaded valve, 16 - working connecting channel, 17 - opening of the main supply regulator air supply, 18 - main air supply regulator valve, 19 - emergency connecting channel, 20 - emergency air supply regulator valve, 21 - bypass valve, 22 - emergency air supply regulator opening, 23 - muffler, 24 - telephone and microphone device.

Implementation of the invention

Existing modern diving helmets can be divided into two groups.

The first group: helmets with constant ventilation, in which the diver's breathing is provided by continuous ventilation of the entire under-helmet space by constantly supplying gas from the surface through a hose. If it becomes necessary to increase the volume of gas for ventilation, the diver has the opportunity to do this independently, manually, using a valve device - a gas supply regulator installed on the helmet, or by means of communication to request the persons providing his descent from the surface.

The second group: helmets with breathing machines, in which the diver's breathing is provided by periodic ventilation of the diver's respiratory organs (his lungs). When the need arises for more gas, the diver takes a deeper breath from the breathing machine, which automatically increases the volume of gas supplied to the lungs. An automatic increase in the supplied gas is provided by a breathing machine mechanism with a flexible sensitive element (membrane).

In the following, various embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that there is no intention to limit the various embodiments of the present invention to the given examples, but it should be understood that the present invention may cover various embodiments, but within the features indicated in the description of the invention, including with possible equivalent or alternative features.

The diving helmet contains a rigid body 1 with a porthole 2 and a neck ring 3. The body 1 can be made of metal or composite material. The outer and inner surface of the housing 1 is made taking into account the placement of main and emergency life support units on them, while all units are installed on the right and left side, on the front and rear surfaces of the housing 1.

In the lower rear part of the housing 1, on opposite sides, there are fittings for main air supply 4 and emergency air supply 5, in the front part of the housing, regulators for main air supply 7 and emergency air supply 8 are mounted, respectively. Also, the body 1 is provided with a telephone cable inlet 6 and a release valve 9, mounted in the same way as the above-mentioned supply fittings 4, 5 and regulators 7, 8 on opposite sides of the body 1. This arrangement of elements is advantageous in order to avoid accidental errors by the diver.

For each of the mentioned fittings 4, 5, regulators 7, 8, telephone cable entry 6 and outlet valve 9, a flat seat with a hole is provided on the body 1, which is sealed with an outer and inner rubber gasket (not shown in the figures). The absence of units on the front and upper front surface of the hull 1 provides the diver with a wide view.

At the same time, the inner surface of the helmet body 1 creates conditions for the circulation of gas flows that occur under the helmet body 1 during the operation of the units, as well as during the inhalation and exhalation of the diver, to the devices involved in the work and to the front and upper plane of the window glass 2 to remove fogging.

The main air supply regulator 7 provides, when air is supplied to the helmet through a hose from the surface from a stationary source, a constant, independent of the diver, air supply to the helmet in the amount of 15 l/min through a special opening of the main air supply regulator 17. The supply is set when the main air supply is opened from the surface and does not stop even when the said regulator 7 is closed. In addition, the main air supply regulator 7 provides, when air is supplied to the helmet through a hose from the surface from a stationary source, the regulation of the air supply to the helmet in a volume of up to 1000 l/min manually by the diver's left hand. The required supply is set depending on the load on the diver under water when opening or closing the valve of the main air supply regulator 18 of the said regulator 7.

The emergency air supply regulator 8 provides, when air is supplied to the helmet from the cylinders of the reserve apparatus located on the diver's back, a constant independent air supply to the helmet in the amount of 30 l/min through a special opening of the emergency air supply regulator 22. The supply is set in the event of an emergency after opening by the diver of the valve of the regulator of emergency air supply 20 of the said regulator 8 and does not stop until the reserve air in the cylinders is completely used up. In addition, the emergency air supply regulator 8 provides, when air is supplied to the helmet from the cylinders of the reserve apparatus, additional air supply to the helmet in a volume of up to 100 l/min. Air is supplied when the right cheek is pressed on the button of the bypass valve stem 21, which opens the starter valve of the emergency air supply regulator 8.

The helmet additionally contains a gas supply machine 10, which structurally consists of a body of the gas supply machine 11 with an elastic membrane 12 and a threaded sleeve 13. is wrapped in a special side channel on the main air supply fitting 4. On the opposite side, a seat 14 is screwed into the threaded sleeve 13. A spring-loaded valve 15 with a stem is installed in the chamber formed by the threaded sleeve 13 and the seat 14. The side channel on the surface of the main air supply fitting 4 directs the stem of the spring-loaded valve 15 towards the body of the automatic gas supply 11 with an elastic membrane 12. The stem of the spring-loaded valve 15 interacts with the elastic membrane 12 at its end. When the pressure under the body 1 of the helmet decreases or the pressure increases outside the helmet the elastic membrane 12 bends and acts on the stem of the spring-loaded valve 15, which opens and provides additional air supply to the helmet from the main air line.

The main and emergency gas supply line, the main air supply regulator 7, the emergency air supply regulator 8 and the automatic gas supply 10 are located inside the body 1 of the helmet. Only their controls are installed outside the housing 1. This solution eliminates the mechanical impact on them from the external environment, which eliminates significant external damage under water.

The placement of the main and emergency gas supply units inside the helmet body 1 also reduces the temperature effect in preparation for descent in conditions of low air temperature and, especially when working in low water temperatures, which reduces the risk of disruption of gas supply due to freezing and ice formation in the helmet units.

Implementation of the invention when performing diving descents.

Air is supplied to the helmet through the working channel 16 and additionally, depending on the pressure in the under-helmet space or outside the helmet, it is supplied by a gas supply machine 10, which is installed in the main air line. Said machine 10 is located on the back bottom surface of the helmet body 1 and automatically supplies air when the pressure in the helmet decreases relative to the ambient pressure or when the ambient pressure rises. This eliminates the conditions in the helmet for pressure differentials that can lead to swamping the diver.

To reduce the overall dimensions and improve manufacturability, the machine 10 has a scheme that provides for separate placement on the body 1 of the helmet mechanism of the machine 10 and its membrane 12. The machine mechanism is mounted on the side surface of the main air supply fitting 4, which has a special channel and contains a threaded bushing 13, into which the seat 14 is screwed. In the chamber formed by the threaded sleeve 13 and the seat 14, a spring-loaded valve 15 with a stem is installed. The section of the valve stem 15, which extends towards the elastic membrane 12, interacts with its rigid center. Membrane 12 is located in a compact independent housing at a certain distance from the mechanism. A cover can be installed on the membrane body 12 from the outside, which, if necessary, ensures the closure of the machine 10 (shutdown), which is advisable when working on a current, when working in conditions of water pollution with aggressive liquids, and also when it is necessary to minimize gas consumption for breathing.

Work mode

Before diving, air from the surface is supplied through the diving hose to the helmet and through the main air supply fitting 4 is directed through the working connecting channel 16 to the main air supply regulator 7. 15 l/min.

If it is necessary to significantly increase the air supply to the helmet up to 1000 l / min, the diver opens the main air supply regulator valve 18 with his left hand. To reduce the noise entering the air helmet, a silencer 23 is installed under the porthole 2.

Air is removed through the release valve 9, which the diver periodically opens by pressing his head on the release valve stem 9.

Before diving, the valves of the reserve breathing apparatus cylinders are opened. The air from the reserve apparatus is supplied to the helmet through the emergency air supply fitting 5 and is directed through the emergency connecting channel 19 under the closed spindle of the emergency air supply regulator 8.

With a deep breath and the occurrence of a vacuum in the helmet or with an increase in ambient pressure, the automatic gas supply 10 is turned on. In this case, the elastic membrane 12 bends inside the body of the automatic gas supply 11 and acts on the end of the stem of the spring-loaded valve 15. Under the influence of the rod, the said valve 15 comes off the seat 14 and from the chamber between the threaded sleeve 13 and the saddle 14 there is an additional air supply to the helmet from the main air line.

The air penetrating into the helmet turns off the gas supply 10. In this case, the elastic membrane 12 bends outside the body of the gas supply 11 and stops acting on the end of the stem of the spring-loaded valve 15. Said valve 15 with the stem sits on the seat 14 and in the chamber between the threaded sleeve 13 and the seat 14 pressure rises from the main air line.

During the diving descent, communication with the diver is maintained using two telephone-microphone devices 24 mounted on the inner surface of the helmet body 1.

Emergency mode

In an emergency, when the main air supply is interrupted, the diver must open the valve of the emergency air supply regulator 20 with his right hand. In the emergency air supply regulator 8, air from the cylinders of the reserve breathing apparatus enters under the valve - bypass button 21 and to the opening of the emergency air supply regulator 22. Through the mentioned hole 22 is set to a constant supply of air in the amount of 30 l / min, which penetrates into the helmet through the silencer 23.

If it is necessary to increase the air supply to the helmet, the diver presses the bypass valve button 21 with his right cheek. Pressing the button leads to a periodic increase in the air supply to the helmet up to 100 l/min.

Air is removed through the release valve 9, which the diver opens if necessary by pressing his head on the release valve stem 9.

To reduce air consumption and increase the duration of breathing in emergency mode, the air supply to the gas supply machine 10 from the backup apparatus is not provided.

Although the technical solution has been described in detail for the purpose of illustration based on embodiments that are currently considered the most practical and preferred, it should be understood that such details serve only the specified purpose, while the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but covers equivalent options that do not go beyond the scope of claims of the claims. For example, it should be understood that the invention contemplates that, to the extent possible, one or more features of any embodiment may be combined with one or more features of any other embodiment.

EFFECT: in providing the possibility of automatic pressure equalization in the under-helmet space, which ensures the safety of the diver when breathing in a helmet under water and increasing this safety, including in unusual circumstances, is achieved by automatic, depending on the pressure inside the helmet and outside, air supply by automatic gas supply 10, installed in the main air line on the rear lower surface of the helmet body 1 and automatically supplying air when the pressure in the helmet decreases relative to the ambient pressure or when the ambient pressure rises, which eliminates the occurrence of conditions in the helmet for pressure drops that can lead to compression of the diver.

In addition, the diver's safety when breathing in a helmet under water, including in non-standard circumstances, is achieved by ensuring the diver's breathing, depending on the conditions of the diving descent, by using (combining) the following five methods of gas supply:

- independent of the diver, a constant supply of main air through the main air supply fitting 4 through the working connecting channel 16 and the main air supply regulator 7;

- independent of the diver, a constant supply of emergency air through the emergency air supply fitting 5 through the emergency connecting channel 19 and the emergency air supply regulator 8;

- emergency air supply through the emergency air supply fitting 5 through the emergency connecting channel 19 and the emergency air supply regulator 8, regulated by the diver pressing the button of the bypass valve stem 21 with his right cheek;

- regulated by the diver's hand using the main air supply regulator 7 main air supply depending on the load on the diver under water when opening or closing the valve of the main air supply regulator 18 of said regulator 7;

- automatic, depending on the pressure inside the helmet and outside, the air supply by the automatic gas supply 10.

The technical result from the totality of the possibilities provided to the diver increases the reliability of the helmet, creates comfortable conditions for breathing in the helmet both in working and emergency use, provides, depending on the descent conditions, both the maximum possible and the minimum necessary air supply during the diving descent.

Claims (2)

1. A diving helmet containing a rigid body with a porthole, a connecting neck ring, fittings for main air supply, emergency air supply and telephone communication, main and emergency air supply regulators and an exhaust valve, while the emergency air supply regulator is equipped with a spring-loaded push button driven by actuated by the diver's head, and the exhaust valve contains a spring-loaded rod with a push button to bleed air from the under-helmet space by the diver's head, characterized in that it contains an automatic gas supply, which consists of an automatic machine body with an elastic membrane on the helmet body and a threaded bushing mounted in the side channel of the main air supply fitting, a seat is mounted to the threaded bushing, forming a chamber inside the said bushing, in which a spring-loaded valve is mounted, the stem of which interacts with an elastic membrane, which, when the pressure inside the helmet decreases or the pressure increases, The helmet snake acts on the stem with the valve and provides additional air supply to the helmet from the main air line. 2. The helmet according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic gas supply is mounted on the rear lower surface of the helmet body.

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