RU2771625C1 - Cooling pond for heat exchange equipment of high-productivity nuclear and thermal power plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cooling.

SUBSTANCE: purpose: invention is used for cooling circulating water in heat exchange equipment of nuclear and thermal power plants. Substance: cooling pond 1 for nuclear and thermal power plants, containing a protective dam 2 on a river, forming a water body, a guide dam 13 for cooling effluents by evenly distributing the heated water in the area of the water body, includes an additional internal pool 3 for cooled water, containing an additional water cooling system in the cooler body 4, wherein a pump 9 supplying additionally cooled water to the heat exchange equipment 11 of the plant is connected to the outlet of the pool. The water cooling system in the cooler body 4 of the additional pool 3 can be made using a low-temperature chiller 6, the cooling heat exchangers 5 whereof are placed in the water of the cooler body 4, and the chiller 6 is connected to the main power supply network 15 of the nuclear or thermal power plant. The water cooling system in the cooler body 4 of the additional pool 3 can also be made in the form of a unit for layer-by-layer freeze-casting ice at negative temperatures when creating ice storage in part of the pool 3. Additionally, the water cooling system in the cooler body 4 of the additional pool 3 can be made in the form of a unit for cutting ice blocks at negative temperatures in the cooler water body and creating ice storage in part of the pool 3. The water cooling system in the cooler body 4 of the additional pool 3 can also be made in the form of a unit for producing high-melting ice with dissolving methane in water. In order to reduce heat transfer from the surface of the additional pool 3 and preserve the cooled water, a layer of floating heat insulation balls can be placed on the surface thereof.

EFFECT: use of the invention can improve the cooling of the heat exchange equipment of nuclear and thermal power plants, reduce capital expenses previously required to create cooling ponds or additional cooling towers for large volumes of water, as well as improve the ecology of water protection zones in the areas adjacent to the nuclear and thermal power plants.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

A cooling pond is a natural or artificial open pond for cooling heated circulating water in circulating water supply systems of thermal and nuclear power plants [1]. (Ryzhkin V.Ya. Thermal power plants: a textbook for universities, edited by V.Ya. Girshfeld. - M. Energoatomizdat 1987 - p. 231-243).

Cooling ponds have advantages over spray ponds and cooling towers, as they require less electricity to drive circulation pumps that raise water to a considerable height and lower maintenance costs. In addition, the use of cooling towers in winter in areas with low air temperatures can be dangerous due to the risk of freezing.

However, cooling ponds have the following disadvantages:

- low specific heat transfer of the surface and, in some cases, - flooding of large areas;

- reduction of the volume of the pond due to silt deposits;

- dependence of the cooling intensity on the surface water temperature at different times of the year.

Known "Device for cooling waste water of heating plants" authors Sapozhnikov A.I. and Pshenichny B.P. according to the RF patent for utility model No. 140315, IPC E03F 5/18 [2].

This device contains a pressure pipe with nozzles, at the ends of which sprinkler nozzles and control valves are installed, and nozzles are made in the form of spherical perforated devices, a nozzle is installed on each nozzle, and nozzles with nozzles are raised above the surface of the pond by 2 ... 5 m.

The disadvantages of this device are as follows:

- inoperability in winter conditions due to freezing of nozzles and nozzles with ice;

- the formation of fog polluting the atmosphere and a significant carryover of water from the pool;

- the need for constant maintenance due to contamination of nozzles and spray nozzles.

In the “Standard [3] for the organization of water use at nuclear power plants. Classification of cooling water supply systems”, STO 1.1.1.02.006.0689-2006, p.7, indicates that the efficiency of water use depends on the process water supply system and can be assessed by three indicators in total:

- coefficient of use of cooling water in the circulating system;

- coefficient of use of taken source water;

- coefficient of irretrievable consumption and loss of water.

The technical problem that the present invention solves is to increase the efficiency of the use of recycled water due to its additional cooling for heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants or thermal power plants, to reduce capital costs for the construction of cooling ponds with large water reserves or the construction of cooling towers.

The technical result is as follows:

- on the outlet channel of the station there is an additional internal pool of cooled water, containing in the body-cooler a system of additional cooling of water, the flows of which are then mixed with the flows of the cooled water of the cooling pond;

- the water cooling system in the additional pool can be made on the basis of a low-temperature chiller;

- the water cooling system in the additional pool can be made in the form of an installation for layer-by-layer freezing of ice, in the form of an installation for cutting block ice at negative temperatures, or in the form of an installation for obtaining refractory ice and creating an ice storage in part of the pool;

- several layers of floating heat-insulating balls are placed on the surface of the additional pool, which reduce heat transfer from its surface and maintain the temperature of the chilled water.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the water area of the reservoir, equipped with a jet-directed dam opposite the outlet channel of the station for mixing hot water from the heat exchange equipment with reservoir water, an internal pool of additionally cooled water is introduced, containing chiller heat exchangers in the cooler housing, and the chiller equipment is connected to power supply networks, and the internal pool is equipped with a regulated inlet for the water of the reservoir and is connected by a pump to the heat exchange equipment of the station.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that in the water area of the reservoir, equipped with a jet-directed dam opposite the outlet channel of the station for mixing hot water from the heat exchange equipment with the water of the reservoir, an internal pool of additionally cooled water is introduced, containing ice mass in the part of the cooler housing, and the equipment for the production of ice is connected to the power supply networks, and the indoor pool is equipped with a regulated reservoir water inlet and is connected by a pump to the heat exchange equipment of the station.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the equipment for the production of ice is made in the form of an installation for layer-by-layer freezing of ice at negative temperatures and the creation of a reserve ice storage in part of the pool.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the equipment for the production of ice is made in the form of an installation for cutting block ice at negative temperatures in the reservoir and creating a reserve ice storage in part of the pool.

The technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the equipment for the production of ice is made in the form of an installation for the production of refractory ice with the dissolution of methane in water.

The drawing shows the "Pond-cooler of heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants with increased productivity."

The cooling pond 1 is formed on the river with the help of a dam 2, forming a reservoir, in the water area of which there is an additional internal pool 3 with a cooler body 4, which houses the heat exchangers 5 of the chiller 6 or the ice mass 7 obtained on the equipment 8 for the production of ice in various ways , and a pump 9 is connected to the outlet of the pool, which supplies additionally chilled water through a pipe 10 to the heat exchange equipment 11 of a nuclear power plant (TPP), hot water from which through the outlet channel 12 enters the reservoir, mixing with its water by a jet-directing dam 13, and is supplied to the internal pool via an opening-adjustable input 14. The chiller and equipment for the production of cooling ice are connected in various ways to the station's own generation or to the main power supply network 15 .

"Pond-cooler of heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants" works as follows. In order to keep the water in the cooling pond from heating up, they usually resort to increasing its volume and the area of the water mirror, which is not always possible, since this requires large capital costs and the availability of a full-flowing source of running water. In order to improve the criteria for the rational use of cooling water in industrial water supply systems in accordance with the "Standard ..." [3], its temperature should be lowered, which will reduce the volume of water in the circulating system, reduce irretrievable consumption and water losses.

In "Appendix A" [3]: "Diagrams of cooling water supply systems of nuclear power plants" in Figures A.1, A.2 and others shows the schematic diagrams of circulating systems of industrial water supply. Such systems, during long-term operation, lead to gradual heating of individual zones of reservoirs or the entire volume of reservoir water in general, which worsens the temperature indicators of cooling and negatively affects flora and fauna, accelerated formation of silt deposits and fouling of heat exchange equipment of stations by various microorganisms.

In the proposed invention, hot water from the heat exchange equipment 11 from the outlet channel 12 of the NPP (TPP) enters the cooling pond 1, is mixed with the jet-directing dam 13 and through the inlet 14 enters the internal pool 3 for additional cooling.

The cooling system in the additional pool 3 can be made in different ways. In accordance with claim 1 of the formula of the present invention, the cooling system uses a low-temperature chiller 6 connected to the main power supply networks 15, and its cooling heat exchangers 5 are located in the water of the cooler housing 4. In this embodiment, it is advisable to use air-cooled chillers [4] with a power of up to 1600 kW, LCAEX series, by ACM Kalte Klima S. r.1. (www.acmonline. It) or “Low-temperature chillers for production” by Refra [5] [electronic resource], access mode: www.chiller-refra.ru.

Especially important is the use of low-temperature refrigeration units to prevent overheating of water in the cooling ponds of nuclear power plants for regions and countries with a hot climate.

Nuclear power plants operate only in base mode, so chillers or other powerful cooling units can only be connected to the mains electricity grid, while using cheap nightly tariffs.

Thermal power plants and other industries can use their excess energy directly to cool water in circulating systems.

In accordance with paragraph 2 of the claims of the present invention, the cooling system in the additional pool can be made, for example, on the basis of the "Installation for layer-by-layer freezing and thawing of ice in natural conditions" by the authors Bakalov V. D., Groman D. S. and others according to USSR author's certificate No. 875185, IPC F25C 1/02 [6].

This paper states that "... an increase in freezing volumes in the range from 2 to 10 cubic meters per 1 kWh ... allows TPPs to obtain critical volumes of several million cubic meters of ice that do not have time to completely melt during the hot summer."

There are other options (clause 3 of the formula) for freezing ice, for example, “Method of freezing ice” by the authors Makarov V.I. and Krasnov Yu.N. E02B 7/02 [7].

Ice is frozen under natural conditions, i.e. at negative air temperatures, within the cooler 4 to form an ice storage. At the same time, for the operation of the units, electricity can also be used mainly at reduced nightly rates, or from other autonomous sources.

In accordance with paragraph 4 of the claims of the present invention, the cooling system in the additional pool can be made in the form of an installation that cuts ice already frozen in winter conditions by nature into blocks from the cooling pond to create an ice storage in the body - cooler 4.

There are various methods of harvesting natural ice from reservoirs, known from ancient times to the present, for example, for building New Year's ice towns on squares.

Known "Method of manufacturing ice blocks" by the authors Vasiliev P. N., Faiko L. I. according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1768891, IPC F25C 1/12 [8]. This method is used in the field of ice technology in the manufacture of ice blocks for refrigeration stores, the construction of winter playgrounds and other ice structures.

Also known is the modern "System and method for the production of block ice treated with nitrogen substitution" according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2619251, IPC F25C 1/00, the author of WAKAYAMA, Toshitsugi (JP), patent holder: SOVA Freezing plant co., ltd. (JP) [9]. The present invention makes it possible to obtain large-sized columnar ice weighing up to 135 kg.

In accordance with paragraph 5 of the claims of the present invention, the cooling system in the additional pool can be made in the form of an installation for producing refractory ice with the dissolution of methane in water.

Known "Method of obtaining artificial ice" by the author Lebedev N. A. according to the author's certificate of the USSR 334454, IPC F25C 1/02 [10]. According to this method, it is possible by saturating water with gas, for example, methane at a pressure of 25 ... 50 atm. and processing in a flow by a magnetic field with a strength of 100 ... 1500 erst., to obtain refractory ice with a melting point of up to plus 40 degrees and above.
In this regard, it is proposed to form an ice storage from refractory ice in the cooling building 4 by building it up in layers with different melting temperatures: the upper less refractory ice will dissolve in early spring, and subsequent layers of ice should dissolve at summer water temperatures in the cooling pond, which will improve regulation water temperature in the supply channel 10 to the heat exchange equipment of 11 NPP (TPP). The use of refractory ice for cooling systems in cooling ponds is especially important for nuclear power plants (TPPs) built in countries with a hot climate.

In accordance with claim 6 of the formula of the present invention, it is proposed to place several layers of floating thermally insulating balls on the surface of the additional pool 3, for example, from IMPGOLD [11]. (Thermal insulating balls: PP, PE, POM, PTFE. IMPGOLD brochure [electronic resource]. Access mode: www.impgolg.ru). According to the company, the use of thermally insulating balls can reduce heat transfer from the water surface by up to 70%. This will ensure the preservation of chilled water in the additional basin for a longer time and will simplify the mode of regulation of the water supplied to the heat exchange equipment of the station.

The use of the invention will improve the cooling of heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants, reduce capital costs previously required to create large cooling ponds or additional cooling towers, as well as improve the ecology of water protection zones in the territories adjacent to nuclear power plants and thermal power plants.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Ryzhkin V. Ya. Thermal power plants: a textbook for universities, ed. V. Ya. Girshfeld. - M., Energoatomizdat, 1987, p. 231-243.

2. Sapozhnikov A.I., Pshenichny B.P. Device for cooling waste water of heat engineering installations. RF patent for utility model No. 140315, IPC E03F 5/18.

3. “Standard for the organization of water use at nuclear power plants. Classification of cooling water supply systems. STO 1.1.1.02.006.0689-20006, p. 7, 8.

4.ACM Kalte Klima. Air-cooled chillers up to 1600 kW. Serie LCAEX [electronic resource]. Access mode: www.acmonline.it.

5. Low-temperature chillers for industries [electronic resource]. Access mode: www.chiller-refta.ru.

6. V. D. Bakalov, D. S. Groman, et al., Installation for layer-by-layer freezing and thawing of ice in natural conditions. USSR author's certificate No. 875185, IPC F25C 1/02.

7. Makarov V.I., Krasnov Yu.N. Method of freezing ice. USSR author's certificate No. 1124166, IPC F25C 1/02; E02B 7/02.

8. Vasiliev P. N., Falko L. I. Method for making ice blocks. USSR author's certificate 1768891, IPC F25C 1/12.

9.WAKAYAMA, Toshitsugi (JP). System and method for producing block ice treated with nitrogen replacement. RF patent No. 2619251, IPC F25C 1/00. Patentee: SOVA Freezing plant co. ltd (JP).

10. Lebedev N.A. Method for producing artificial ice. USSR author's certificate No. 334454, IPC F25C 1/02.

11. Thermal insulation balls: PP, PE, POM, PTFE. Prospectus of the firm IMPGOLD [electronic resource]. Access mode: www. impgold. ru.

Claims (2)

1. A cooling pond for heat exchange equipment of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants of increased productivity, characterized by the fact that an internal pool of additionally cooled water is introduced into the water area of the reservoir, equipped with a jet guide dam opposite the outlet channel of the station for mixing hot water from heat exchange equipment with water from the reservoir, containing in the body - cooler, chiller heat exchangers, chiller equipment is connected to power supply networks, and the inner pool is equipped with a regulated reservoir water inlet and is connected by a pump to the heat exchange equipment of the station, and several layers of floating thermal insulation balls are placed on the surface of the inner pool of additionally cooled water for summer time conditions. 2. Cooling pond for heat exchange equipment of NPP and TPP with increased productivity, characterized by the fact that an internal pool of additionally cooled water is introduced into the water area of the reservoir, equipped with a jet-directing dam opposite the outlet channel of the station for mixing hot water from heat exchange equipment with reservoir water, containing in parts of the body - an ice mass cooler, the ice-making equipment is connected to the power supply networks, the indoor pool is equipped with a regulated reservoir water inlet and is connected by a pump to the heat exchange equipment of the station, and the ice-making equipment is made in the form of an installation for layer-by-layer ice freezing, or in the form of an installation for cutting block ice at negative temperatures in the cooling pond and the creation of a reserve ice storage in part of the pool, or in the form of an installation for producing refractory ice with the dissolution of methane in water.

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