RU2754782C2 - Method for air transportation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a transport system for air transportation of people and cargo. According to the method for air transportation of people and cargo, predominantly using at least one aerial vehicle, the drive whereof is located fully or partially outside of said aerial vehicle, at least one ground traction vehicle and at least one towed aerial on-board vehicle are used. Also used is a towing rope with end fastening links, connecting the ground traction vehicle and the on-board aerial vehicle. The towing rope therein is connected/disconnected to/from the aerial vehicle and/or to/from the ground vehicle at either end of the towing rope.

EFFECT: efficiency of air transportation of people and cargo at long distances is increased and safety thereof is simultaneously ensured as a result.

20 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the field of technology related to transport systems for air transportation of people and goods, especially over long distances, and more specifically, where at least one air vehicle is used, the drive of which is located, in whole or in part, outside the aircraft ...

The purpose of this invention is to improve the efficiency and safety of such systems.

State of the art

Now there are four types of mass transportation of people and goods over long distances:

a) road transport, which is relatively cheap but slow and generally not environmentally friendly;

b) rail transport, which is usually environmentally friendly, but slow and expensive;

c) air transport, which is very fast, but very expensive, and not environmentally friendly, damaging the environment;

d) water transport, which is very cheap, but very slow, and usually environmentally unsafe.

There is a well-known high-speed railway, where they tried to combine the speed of air transport with the environmental friendliness of an electric railway. However, the huge construction and maintenance costs make this transport extremely expensive and ultimately not economically viable.

New developments are underway on the well-known technology of vacuum tube transport, for example, HyperLoop. At the same time, they faced critical technical problems that will require years of deep research and unlimited funds to solve them, if at all possible. These problems include, but are not limited to, safety concerns such as: a) a 1 mm air cushion between the capsule and the tube at 1000 km / h will inevitably create tremendous friction, which will cause heat, fire, and collapse of the tube and the capsule therein, not to mention the physically intolerable acceleration of braking - and all this inside a sealed metal tube hundreds of kilometers long; b) instability of the position of the capsule inside the pipe due to the absence of friction when resting on the air cushion, which, although it gives a decisive advantage of this technology, makes it impossible to stabilize the capsule when the rotor of the linear motor enters the stator slot with a gap of only 20 mm; c) maintaining ultra-low pressure over hundreds of kilometers of pipe is a problem that has never been solved before; d) a minimum turning radius of 30-50 km to limit passenger overload from lateral acceleration.

There are various methods of ensuring the safety of long-distance air transportation of people and goods, where there is an urgent need to prevent, or at least significantly mitigate, the tragic consequences of fatal transport disasters, whatever their cause: a terrorist attack, equipment failure, or a human factor. ... Currently, the crew and passengers on board airliners are actually hostages of air emergencies, where the airliner itself is a flying fuel tanker (fuel is about two-thirds, and the payload is only 15-20% of the takeoff weight), saturated with electric cables. Therefore, even a weak initial explosion may be sufficient to detonate the fuel, followed by a fatal catastrophic explosion.

If military pilots have a real chance of surviving a dangerous situation thanks to onboard rescue systems, then commercial airliners are generally deprived of any means of rescue in the air, despite their large size, mass and number of passengers and cargo on board. Moreover, due to the growing demand, air carriers have chosen an inadequate, in terms of safety, development path - even larger aircraft, thus increasing the number of possible hostages on board and reducing survivability due to the increase in the size and weight of aircraft.

The most frequent and dangerous threat to the safety of air travel is the threat of an explosion. There are two known ways to partially solve the problem of preventing catastrophic consequences from a bomb explosion on board a passenger liner. First, the pre-flight search for explosives. Secondly, the reduction of damage from an explosion with the help of the design features of the cargo compartment, ensuring its resistance to explosion due to hardening and rapid decompression of gases during an explosion. However, both methods are complex, expensive, unreliable, and ineffective.

Known security system at commercial airports, including the handling of passengers and baggage (US patent No. 4,137,567, Grube, January 30, 1979). It has all the listed disadvantages of the first method, including the ineffectiveness of the methods and means of detection themselves, even of trained dogs.

A known method of ensuring safety, which uses a cargo container to reduce damage from a bomb explosion (US patent No. 5,195,701, Villan, March 23, 1993). In this technical solution, a device is provided for punching a through hole in the fuselage of an aircraft during an explosion to remove gases and shock waves outside. The disadvantages of this method include the fact that if the device is possible and pierces the fuselage (although depressurization is dangerous for passengers and the aircraft), then there is no guarantee that all the gas and shock waves will escape through the punched through hole.

Known military gliders, which have proven themselves during the Second World War due to the provision of landing (without parachutes) ready for battle ground troops without being scattered on the ground after landing; the ability to easily overcome natural obstacles and enemy defenses by air; cheapness and ease of production and use; double or triple increase in the carrying capacity of a traction aircraft for the delivery of manpower and military cargo. However, neither before nor after that war, such gliders were never used, and in civil aviation too. At that time, the problem of countering terrorists did not yet exist, since massive passenger air travel and the accompanying terrorist threats have a relatively short history.

Known methods of launching gliders by towing a car, a winch, or an airplane. For example, an aerodrome device for launching gliders is known (RF patent No. 119,801, author Makarov).

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a method using a transport system, where at least two air vehicles are combined (US patent 6,220,543; April 24, 2001). In this technical solution, ensuring the efficiency and safety of air transportation is achieved by the fact that the passenger and cargo air vehicles are located far enough from each other and / or from the traction air vehicle with fuel and motors.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that an air motor vehicle is used here as a traction drive, which requires solving a number of technical problems, for example, during takeoff and landing. Also, its combustion engines lack efficiency and environmental friendliness.

The essence of the invention

The objective of this invention is to improve the efficiency of air transportation of passengers and goods over long distances, and at the same time to ensure the safety of such transportation. The technical result of the invention is to improve the efficiency of air transportation of people and goods over long distances and, at the same time, to ensure their safety.

The technical result of the proposed invention in the form of an air transportation method is achieved in that a much more efficient ground traction drive is used for an air vehicle instead of an air drive in the form of onboard heavy motors with a fossil fuel combustion chamber, which have low efficiency and are polluting to the environment, and which, together with high-volume fuel reserve and on-board control system extremely reduce the share of the payload.

The present invention is aimed at providing a method of transporting passengers and / or goods safely, efficiently, with increased capacity, quickly, inexpensively and environmentally friendly. All variants of the method include a ground-driven airborne vehicle. This aircraft may be of the Brunelli type, i.e. flying fuselage. In some of the options, there are two vehicles: a land vehicle and at least one air vehicle. In another embodiment, there is a hybrid air vehicle supported in the air due to its aerodynamic interaction with the air, and has a ground drive in the form of a linear induction motor.

List of figures of drawings and other materials

In the drawings, FIG. 1-Fig. 6 schematically depicts embodiments of this method.

One embodiment of the invention in FIG. 1 illustrates the operation of a ground traction vehicle 1 (here a high-speed rail system) towing an airborne vehicle 2 (here a Brunelli-type glider) by means of a towing cable 3.

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of this air transportation method. It illustrates the operation of a ground-based traction vehicle (in this case, cable system 10 with a movable closed loop). Towing the airborne vehicle of the glider 2 using the towing cable 3. FIG. 3 shows another variant of this method of air transportation. It illustrates the operation of the ground traction vehicle 1 (here the railway system). Towing an airborne vehicle (airship) 11 - using a tow rope 3.

FIG. 4 shows another variant of this method of air transportation. It illustrates the operation of a land-based traction vehicle, in this case a movable closed loop cable system 10. Towing an airborne vehicle (airship) 11 - using a tow rope 3.

FIG. 5 and 6 show a hybrid air vehicle driven by a ground drive in the form of a linear induction motor, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention.

Examples of execution:

- when implementing the method of air transportation, the following operations are performed:

a) placing passengers and / or cargo in an onboard air vehicle and / or ground vehicle;

b) activation of a ground vehicle;

c) takeoff and movement of the onboard aircraft;

d) descent and landing of an airborne vehicle;

e) unloading passengers and / or cargo from an airborne vehicle and / or ground vehicle;

- when implementing the method of air transportation using an air hybrid vehicle, the following operations are performed:

a) starting the linear induction motor to induce acceleration, takeoff, and ascent of the airborne hybrid vehicle;

b) its rise causes a decrease in magnetic induction;

c) reduced magnetic induction and hence traction slows down the air hybrid vehicle, decelerating it reduces lift, causing a decrease that increases magnetic induction and hence traction, causing the vehicle to accelerate and rise again;

d) repetition of b) and c) until dynamic equilibrium is achieved between the optimum speed of the hybrid air vehicle and its vertical position.

FIG. 1, the ground vehicle 1 is connected to the air vehicle 2 via a towing cable 3. The ground vehicle 1 in this embodiment is a high-speed rail vehicle. Other land transport options are possible, such as a conventional locomotive, a wheeled traction motor vehicle, air or magnetic suspension, and the like. Ground traction vehicle 1 can be unmanned and / or have a cargo and / or passenger area 5 located inside the ground vehicle 1. Air vehicle 2 in this embodiment is a glider of the Brunelli type, can be unmanned and / or have a cargo and / or passenger area 4 located inside the aircraft 2. In most cases, the aircraft 2 does not contain an engine, but may contain at least one rotatable propeller necessary for independent flight in an emergency landing, when an onboard inflatable shell can also be used eg filled with gas lighter than air.

Air vehicle 2 is connected to ground vehicle 1 by means of towing rope 3. This towing rope 3 is connected to ground driven vehicle 1 by means of ground coupling 6.1 and is connected to air vehicle 2 by means of air coupling 6.2. The towing cable 3 can be lengthened or shortened with the ground hitch 6.1 and / or with the air hitch 6.2 when the air vehicle 2 needs to heel and turn. The towing line 3 can also be disconnected either by the ground coupling 6.1 or by the aerial coupling 6.2, allowing the ground vehicle 1 and the air vehicle 2 to be temporarily disconnected in the event that the ground vehicle 1 is moving under a bridge or in a tunnel.

Another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 2. The ground traction vehicle 7 is connected to the airborne vehicle 2 by a towing cable 3. In this embodiment, the ground drive vehicle 7 is driven by at least one ring closed cable system 10. The closed cable system 10 is a ring cable 8 between at least two stations 9. The system may include more than two stations 9 or more than one cable 8, but this option describes two main stations 9, one cable 8 in a ring closed cable system 10. The closed cable system 10 is connected to a ground vehicle 7, which can be manned or unmanned. This connection between the closed system 10 and the ground vehicle 7 can be connected or disconnected when the cable 8 is in motion or stationary. In addition, it is assumed that in the variant with more than two stations 9 and more than one cable 8, the ground vehicle 7 is disconnected from one cable 8 and connected to another cable. It is also contemplated that in an embodiment with two or more cable systems 10, the ground vehicle 7 can move from one closed cable system to a subsequent cable system, etc.

The ground towing vehicle 7 on a circular closed cable system 10 is connected to the air vehicle 2 through a towing cable 3, as in Fig. 1, by means of a ground hitch 6.1 and an air hitch 6.2 at the ends of the cable 3. The towing wire 3 is lengthened or shortened by means of a ground hitch 6.1 and / or an air hitch 6.2 at the ends of the cable 3 when the air vehicle 2 needs to bank and turn. The towing cable 3 is disconnected and then connected by means of a ground hitch 6.1 or an air hitch 6.2 at the ends of the cable 3 in case the land vehicle 7 is moving under a bridge or in a tunnel. Air vehicle 2, like vehicle 7, can carry passengers and / or cargo.

As in FIG. 1, in most embodiments, the aircraft 2 does not contain a propulsion engine, but may contain at least one rotatable propeller required for self-flight in an emergency landing, when an airborne inflatable shell filled with gas can also be used. for example, lighter than air.

Figures 3 and 4 show two other exemplary embodiments of the method.

FIG. 3 shows a ground towing vehicle 1, a tow line 3, which is connected to a ground vehicle 1 by means of a ground hitch 6.1 and to an air vehicle 2 by means of an air coupling 6.2, as shown in Fig. 1, but shows the air vehicle as airship 11. Such an aircraft 11 can be unmanned and / or contain cargo and / or passengers in the cargo and / or passenger area 12.

Figure 4 shows a ground towing vehicle 7, a cable system 10 with a movable closed loop, a towing cable 3, which is connected to a ground vehicle 7 by means of a ground hitch 6.1 and to an air vehicle 11 by an air coupler 6.2, as in Fig. ... 2, but here a wingless airship in the form of an airship 11 as in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 and 6 show a variant of the method based on an air hybrid vehicle 14 with a linear induction electric motor (LIM), including a fixed element of the engine ("stator") 15, and a movable element of the engine ("rotor") 16, in which the stator is in the form of induction windings is integrated into the walls of the overpass groove 13, and the rotor in the form of a linear rib is integrated into the air hybrid vehicle so that it fits into the overpass groove. In this case, the hybrid air vehicle may have at least one wing for lifting this vehicle into the air when accelerating along the overpass and reaching the takeoff speed.

An example of the use of LIM for the movement of a train is shown in US Pat. No. 3,233,559.

When implementing the method of air transportation using an air hybrid vehicle, the following operations are performed: a) starting a linear induction electric motor, in which the magnetic induction in the rotor causes a driving force in it, forcing the air hybrid vehicle to start moving with acceleration up to takeoff speed when it starts lifting when the fuselage and / or at least one wing interacts with air; b) lifting causes the rotor to rise from the bottom of the stator in the walls of the groove, increasing the gap between the rotor and the stator and decreasing the magnetic flux through the rotor and, therefore, the magnetic induction; c) a decrease in magnetic induction and therefore traction causes the air hybrid vehicle to slow down and decrease, thereby reducing the distance between the rotor and stator and increasing the magnetic flux through the rotor and therefore the magnetic induction and thrust forcing the hybrid vehicle accelerate and climb again and d) repeat b) and c) until a dynamic equilibrium is achieved between the optimum speed of the vehicle and its vertical position.

In the present invention, the LIM propels an air hybrid vehicle as follows: a rotor in the form of a linear rib protrudes from the vehicle into a groove of the overpass, where the groove has side walls with built-in induction windings that serve as a stator. The corresponding rotor can be of any length, for example a rotor up to 1 meter, 2 meters, 3 meters, 4 meters, 5 meters, 6 meters or more.

The top and bottom of the groove can be the same width, or the top of the groove is wider than the bottom.

Here there is a linear correlation between the magnetic flux through the rotor and, therefore, the magnetic induction and thrust, and the rotor surface area entering the stator magnetic field. T. e. directly proportional, the larger this area, the greater the thrust, speed, and lift. As the speed increases, the vehicle rises higher due to the increased lift. At the same time, the surface area of the rotor in the groove interacting with the stator decreases, as well as the magnetic induction, thrust, and lifting force, causing a decrease in the vehicle.

The tapered slot is beneficial because of the inverse cubic correlation between the rotor / stator gap size and the magnetic induction and hence the thrust. If the groove is of constant width, thrust decreases linearly as the rotor rises. However, if the slot is tapered, the thrust decreases cubically as the gap increases as the rotor rises. Thus, by repeating the lifting / lowering cycles of the rotor, a dynamic equilibrium is achieved between the speed of the vehicle and the vertical position of its rotor in a groove, preferably conical. As an example, the lateral forces exerted by the stator on the rotor, although small at 13.0 N / m, are inherently stable. This simplifies the problem of centering the rotor in the stator air gap.

The rotor can be very simple - an aluminum linear rib 15 m long, 500 mm high, and 50 mm thick. Because the current flows mainly through the outer 10 mm of this fin and is hollowed out to reduce weight and cost. The gap between rotor and stator can be, for example, 20 mm on each side.

The combination of control system and electromagnetic centering forces allows the rib to safely enter, stay in and out of such a small gap.

In some embodiments, both the hybrid vehicle and the previously described ground-driven traction vehicles with airborne vehicles travel along a route where the ends of the route are at a higher elevation than adjacent sections of the route, which reduces the amount of thrust required at the beginning of the route to reach takeoff speed, and shortens the stopping distance of the ground vehicle and the air vehicle (after landing) at the end of the route.

In some embodiments, the aircraft includes at least one rotary drive rotor with a variable steering angle from 0 to 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the power to the pivot screw is electrical.

This invention describes hybrid air transport systems for the safe, fast, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly transportation of passengers and / or cargo. All of these systems include a ground-driven airborne vehicle. Some of these systems have two vehicles, a land vehicle and at least one air vehicle; other systems only have an airborne hybrid vehicle that is airborne thanks to a ground drive in the form of its rotor, i.e. a linear rib protruding from a given vehicle into a trestle groove, where the groove has side walls with built-in induction windings that serve as a stator.

A number of applications have a single airborne vehicle. In other embodiments, there are two, three, or more airborne vehicles, all connected by tow lines.

In some variants, the airborne vehicle contains at least one wing. In other embodiments, the airborne vehicle comprises two wings (see, for example, Figs. 1 and 2), or does not include a wing, such as an airship (see, for example, Figs. 3 and 4) or a Brunelli-type glider.

In some embodiments, the ground vehicle has a very low profile to minimize its air resistance, while the same air resistance provides lift for an airborne vehicle such as a glider. This application turns the air resistance, being an obstacle to the evacuated pipe system, into an ally of the system. The same lifting force applied to the ground vehicle, especially in the absence of passengers and / or cargo, significantly reduces the load from the ground vehicle on the overpass and also the rail track, providing inexpensive and simple design and maintenance of the overpass and track, in contrast to existing high-speed train systems. In addition, the load from the ground vehicle on the track can be made equal to zero or even negative, i.e. upward if the lift from the glider is large enough.

The proposed combination allows:

(a) high-speed air transportation, extremely safe and environmentally friendly, especially since there are no internal combustion engines and combustible fuel on board;

(b) the use of environmentally friendly electric low-power installations of high-speed trains, while without huge costs for the construction and maintenance of their ramps and tracks;

(c) reduced and extremely economical development and implementation of the proposed system, due to the deep knowledge and extensive successful practice of both proven methods (a) and (b).

Additionally, the minimum turning radius can be much shorter than that of ground-based systems, since the centrifugal force applied vertically to the spines of the people on board (due to the roll when turning the airborne vehicle) is much more bearable than the same horizontal force (compare, for example, a maximum lateral acceleration of 0.5 G in the Hyperloop system, and a vertical acceleration of up to 6 G on a roller coaster, i.e. the turning radius can be 12 times smaller).

This system does not have the harmful exhaust and noise of conventional aircraft, or the claustrophobia that can be found in the closed-tube Hyperloop system. Passengers will enjoy a comfortable and fast flight with panoramic window views, and state-of-the-art onboard service, but without engine noise, not to mention the elimination of baggage checks, as baggage can be carried in a separate glider.

In an emergency, the ground pulling vehicle can stop and the glider rotates around the vehicle until the emergency is cleared. In addition, the glider can have retractable rotary electric propellers powered by cable from the ground vehicle to keep the glider in the air until the ground propulsion vehicle can resume movement, or the glider completes the route on its own using a ground slip ring, or makes an emergency landing, which is fine. safe due to the low landing speed of the airframe, its relatively low mass, and the lack of combustible fuel on board. Retractable electric propellers can be combined with airbags, such as those found in cars, which can inflate with compressed gas, possibly lighter than air, such as helium, and / or compressed gas is in the fenders until needed in an emergency, thus allowing much less power. propellers and landing cushion for a safe landing.

The proposed system provides a relatively low flight altitude, avoiding low temperatures and rarefied air at high altitude, thus not requiring expensive and complex pressurized cabins. In addition, the system is much safer than flying at high altitude, as emergency landings are made from a lower altitude, at a lower speed, and without combustible fuel on board.

The present invention also has cost advantages as it is its lightweight track is placed on the overpass on supports with a significantly increased pitch, which reduces the volume of land purchases and the number of supports, compared to high-speed trains or Hyperloop systems of evacuated pipes, since the load on the overpass from the ground vehicle and, therefore, the empty weight of the overpass is significantly reduced due to the lifting force acting on a ground vehicle, where there are also no passengers and / or cargo. This invention is not limited to any particular support spacing. Since the load on the flyover has been reduced, the distance between its supports may equal or exceed the current maximum span of about 200 meters. This distance can be further increased by using a strong cable between the supports instead of the overpass, which further reduces the weight load on the supports.

Unlike the Hyperloop system, this system can make 12 times sharper turns, because the glider rolls during the turn, incl. the centrifugal force is directed along the spines of the people on board, i.e. significantly increasing its tolerance, as in the roller coaster discussed above. In some embodiments, the towline is lengthened during turns, which increases the turning radius, thereby reducing centrifugal force.

This system is also earthquake resistant, especially when compared to a high-speed train or Hyperloop system, due to the flexibility of the towing line.

The ground vehicle and / or airborne vehicle can be a drone, i. E. remotely controlled. In addition, the ground vehicle and / or airborne vehicle can be manned or unmanned.

In some embodiments, the ground traction vehicle is propelled by a high speed rail system or other controlled system such as magnetic levitation, air cushion, or conveyor systems. In other embodiments, the ground traction vehicle is powered by a cable system, a linear induction motor, an internal combustion engine, and / or any other inboard engine.

In some embodiments, the airborne vehicle is configured to carry at least one passenger and / or cargo. In other embodiments, the ground traction vehicle is configured to carry at least one passenger and / or cargo. In other embodiments, both the airborne vehicle and the ground traction vehicle are configured to carry at least one passenger and / or cargo. In other embodiments, neither the airborne vehicle nor the ground traction vehicle is configured to carry any passengers and / or cargo.

In some embodiments, the towline is disconnected and attached to the airborne vehicle at one or both end links. In other embodiments, the towing line is disconnected and reattached to the ground towing vehicle.

In various embodiments, the towing cable is attached to a ground towing vehicle via a ground hitch, and via an air hitch to an airborne vehicle. In some embodiments, the towline is lengthened or shortened at the aerial hitch and / or at the ground hitch, especially when the airborne vehicle and / or the ground towing vehicle is turning. In various forms, the tow rope is made of flexible material.

In other embodiments, the airborne vehicle comprises at least one retractable propeller. In some of these embodiments, the retractable propeller is electrically powered, with the electric power driving the retractable propeller coming from the ground traction vehicle and / or directly from the overhead power line at the overpass.

The retractable propeller is made in any manner known in the art, such as making it pivotable.

In some embodiments, the airborne vehicle contains at least one soft shell for safety, which is inflated with a pressurized gas, such as a gas that is lighter than air, such as helium, in an emergency.

The ground traction vehicle is propelled in any manner known in the art. In some embodiments, the ground traction vehicle is driven by a motor such as a linear induction motor.

In various embodiments, the ground traction vehicle is coupled and moved using at least one movable closed loop cable system. Such a cable system comprises a movable cable circulating through the cable system and at least one circular pylon and / or wheel at the ends of the loop. In these embodiments, the cable is moved by at least one rotating drive wheel on the loop and / or by at least one linear induction motor, and its stator is positioned along the moving cable, and its rotor is connected to the moving cable so that the rotor enters into the stator when the cable moves.

In some embodiments, the ground traction vehicle travels along a route on an overpass with start and end points, where the start point and / or destination is located at a higher level than other sections, for example, adjacent sections of the route. A higher starting point and / or destination allows, when the aircraft is a glider, to have less tractive effort for the glider to reach takeoff speed at the start of the route due to its downhill movement, and less braking force at the end of the route due to its movement in mountain.

Claims (34)

1. A method of air transportation of people and goods, mainly using at least one air vehicle, the drive of which is located, in whole or in part, outside the given air vehicle, characterized in that at least one ground traction vehicle is used, at least at least one towed airborne vehicle, as well as a towing cable with end fasteners connecting the ground vehicle and the airborne aircraft, with the towing cable being attached / disconnected to / from the air vehicle / a and / or to / from the ground vehicle / a at either end of the towing rope. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the land vehicle is moved along an extended overpass above ground level. 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the airborne vehicle is provided with at least one wing. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground vehicle is manned and / or manned and / or the airborne vehicle is manned and / or manned. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the land vehicle is made in the form of a high-speed railway or cable system with electric traction and / or mechanical drive. 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the towing cable is lengthened or shortened at either end of the towing cable. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground traction vehicle is designed to carry passengers and / or cargo. 8. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground vehicle and / or the airborne vehicle is driven between points on the route that are at a higher level than adjacent sections. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that if the ground vehicle cannot move, the airborne vehicle rotates around the ground vehicle until the ground vehicle can move or the aircraft makes an emergency landing. 10. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the airborne vehicle is provided with at least one gas-tight soft shell, which is filled with compressed light gas. 11. A method according to claim 9, characterized in that at least one drive propeller is used in the airborne vehicle. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the electric drive of at least one propeller is powered by a ground vehicle, an onboard electrical source, and / or a ground electric line. 13. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one driven rotary propeller is positioned at a variable angle. 14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains the following operations: (a) boarding passengers and / or loading cargo into an airborne vehicle, primarily and into a land vehicle; (b) attaching a traction ground vehicle by means of a towing cable to the towed aircraft; (c) starting the engines of the ground traction vehicle and accelerating it to the specified speed of the towed aircraft; (d) lifting into the air to a predetermined altitude and further towing the airborne vehicle to the point of landing; (e) decelerating the traction vehicle to lower and land the towed airborne vehicle; (e) unloading passengers and / or cargo from an airborne vehicle, mainly and from a ground vehicle. 15. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the land vehicle is connected to / and movable by at least one looped movable cable system with at least one rounded post and / or wheel at the ends of the loop and endless looped circulating cable. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the cable is moved by rotation of at least one drive wheel on the loop and / or using at least one linear electric motor, the stator of which is located along the moving cable, and its rotor is attached to the moving cable so that the rotor enters the stator when the cable moves. 17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that it contains the following operations: (a) connecting the land vehicle to the cable of at least one loopback mobile cable system; (b) moving the ground vehicle to the end of the loop; (c) the transition of the ground vehicle to the next, at least one, loop of another mobile cable system; (d) disconnecting the ground vehicle from the loopback cable system cable. 18. A method of air transportation of people and goods, predominantly using at least one air vehicle, the drive of which is located, in whole or in part, outside the given air vehicle, characterized in that a hybrid air vehicle is used that moves along an extended overpass above ground level by means of a linear electric motor made with a stationary motor element ("stator") and a moving motor element ("rotor"), while the stator is embedded around a groove in the trestle body, and the rotor is embedded in the hybrid air vehicle so that the rotor protrudes into said groove, the hybrid aircraft being aerodynamically shaped and / or having at least one wing for lifting the hybrid aircraft when it reaches takeoff speed. 19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the groove is made of the same width and / or the upper part of the groove is made wider than the lower part of the groove. 20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that it contains the following operations: (a) starting a linear electric motor, the magnetic induction in the rotor of which causes the movement and acceleration of the hybrid aircraft a to takeoff speed and its subsequent rise as a result of interaction of at least one wing with air; (b) lifting causes the rotor to lift upward from the bottom of the stator in the slot, increasing the gap between the rotor and the stator and decreasing the flux through the rotor and hence the flux density; (c) decreasing magnetic induction, and hence driving force, causes the hybrid air vehicle to decelerate and descend, thereby reducing the gap between the rotor and stator and increasing the magnetic flux through the rotor and therefore magnetic induction and driving force, causing acceleration again and rise; (d) repeating (b) and (c) until dynamic equilibrium is reached between the optimum speed and position of the hybrid air vehicle.

Images