RU2636894C2 - Method for estimation of teeth hard tissue state at exposure to electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: to estimate the state of teeth hard tissues when exposed to electromagnetic radiation of the computer monitor before and after 180 minutes after work with the computer, a two-stage diagnosis of the level of computer radiation effect on teeth state is carried out. At the first stage, the electrical conductivity of teeth hard tissues is measured using active, passive electrodes and the Dentist device, measuring at various points of the tooth. Further, if a current value of 8.0-27.7 μA is obtained, the second stage of the study takes place. At the second stage of the study, a solution of hydrochloric acid buffer is applied to the preselected portion of teeth hard tissues for 60 seconds, the buffer is rinsed with an air pistol and the test area is dried for 30 seconds. To better visualize the hydrochloric acid buffer solution in the area of the studied tooth, sour fusion is added to it, which gives it a pink colour. To obtain a drop with a constant contact area with the tooth and prevent its spreading, the hydrochloric acid buffer solution is given an increased viscosity by adding glycerin to its composition. After this, the rate of calcium dissolution in 1 μl of the biopsy is simultaneously determined by the method of microtitration, and the rate of phosphorus dissolution - by the photometric method. Increased rates of calcium dissolution by 77.0% and phosphorus dissolution by 91.1% are assessed as a negative effect of the electromagnetic radiation of the computer monitor, which is manifested by the processes of enamel demineralization.

EFFECT: increased accuracy of diagnosis of demineralization processes emergence with a decreased traumatic nature of the assessment process.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine, to methods for diagnosing the effect of radiation from a computer monitor on the condition of the oral cavity, in particular on the condition of the teeth.

A known method for determining the initial caries, which consists in conducting clinical examinations of the oral cavity and visual determination of foci of demineralization of tooth enamel [1].

However, this method has the following significant drawback: it does not allow to determine the presence of a cariogenic situation in the early period until the actual occurrence of foci of demineralization of hard tooth tissues.

A known method for determining the cariogenic situation described in [2] and consisting in the study of microcrystallization of saliva by microscopy of a dried drop of oral fluid.

This method also does not allow to determine the presence of a cariogenic situation before the foci of demineralization of the hard tissues of the teeth and indicates a decrease in the mineralizing potential of mixed saliva only indirectly.

One of the negative factors acting on the human body is electromagnetic radiation. Man has always lived in an environment where electromagnetic waves of various frequencies are constantly present. Over the past 50 years, the daily power of radio emissions has increased in total more than 50 thousand times, so we are all directly or indirectly affected by electromagnetic radiation. This is especially true, since in the everyday life and work of a modern person, a computer occupies an important place. A feature of working on a personal computer is that the user is in close proximity to the monitor, which increases the intensity of exposure to said radiation.

A known method based on a comprehensive survey of users of a personal computer, including determining more than 15 indicators characterizing the functional state of the body, as well as measuring more than 2 dozen physical parameters characterizing the working conditions in the room [3]. The disadvantage of this method of identifying the individual sensitivity of an organism to working conditions on a personal computer is its high complexity and, as a result, the high cost of the examination.

Also known is a method for diagnosing an organism’s reaction to computer monitor radiation [4], the result of which is to increase the efficiency of a diagnostic method by simplifying and reducing the cost of detecting an organism’s reaction to computer monitor radiation. In this method, the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in saliva is determined immediately before work on the computer and 30 minutes after the start of work on the computer to detect the body's reaction to the radiation of a computer video display terminal in a person being examined. With an increase in the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in the saliva of the examined person after working on a computer, if it does not exceed the limits of the physiological norm, a conclusion is drawn about the normal reaction of the body to monitor radiation, and in the case of a decrease in the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in saliva, a conclusion is drawn about a deviation from the reaction norm organism to monitor radiation.

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of assessing the condition of the oral cavity and teeth, in particular, the duration and the complexity of the proposed method for determining the concentration of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in saliva, which requires special equipment and reagents, the need for qualified chemists to analyze.

Closest to the proposed method is a method for diagnosing a predisposition to caries, based on the determination of acid resistance and the rate of remineralization of tooth enamel [5].

Its effectiveness is due to the fact that the content of calcium and phosphorus enamel in the surface layer and the rate of restoration of the composition of the surface layer of the enamel after exposure to an acid solution, reflecting the balance of mineralization and demineralization processes in the oral cavity, are used as a diagnostic criterion.

The main disadvantage of this method is the need for exposure to tooth enamel with solutions of strong acids, which in the future can contribute to the development of the pathological process in the affected area. Careful preparation of the tooth for examination is required, and insufficient preparation reduces the accuracy of the prognosis.

The objective of the invention is to increase the accuracy of diagnosis of the state of hard tooth tissues under the influence of electromagnetic radiation while reducing the invasiveness of the evaluation process.

The problem is achieved in that in a method for assessing the state of hard tissues of teeth when exposed to electromagnetic radiation from a computer monitor according to the invention, before and after 180 minutes after working at a computer, a two-stage diagnosis of the level of impact of computer radiation on the condition of the teeth is carried out, while the first stage measures the conductivity of hard tooth tissues using active, passive electrodes and the Dentest device, taking measurements at various points of the tooth, then in case The currents of 8.0-27.7 μA go to the second stage of the study, in which a solution of hydrochloric acid buffer is applied to a pre-selected area of hard tooth tissues for 60 seconds, the buffer is washed off with an air gun and the area under investigation is dried for 30 seconds, in order to better visualize the solution of hydrochloric acid buffer in the studied area of the tooth, acid fuchsin is added to its composition, which gives it a pink color, and to obtain a drop with a constant area of contact with the tooth and prevent the solution from spreading hydrochloric acid buffer gives a higher viscosity by adding glycerin to its composition, after that, 1 μl of the biopsy sample is simultaneously determined by the method of calcium dissolution by microtiter and the dissolution rate of phosphorus by the photometric method, while the increase in the rate of dissolution of calcium by 77.0% and phosphorus by 91.1 % evaluate as a negative effect of electromagnetic radiation from a computer monitor, manifested by the processes of enamel demineralization.

The technical result achieved is the expansion of the diagnostic capabilities of the method by providing diagnostics of the occurrence of demineralization processes.

In FIG. 1. a pairwise comparison of the characteristics of tooth hard tissues before and after (60 minutes) of working at a computer is presented, it showed that electromagnetic radiation led to statistically significant changes in indicators: the rate of dissolution of calcium (an increase of 77.0%), phosphorus (an increase of 91 ,one%). In FIG. 2 shows the Ca / P ratio before and after (6 h) electromagnetic exposure. In FIG. 3 - TER test and electrical conductivity of hard tooth tissues before and after (60 minutes) electromagnetic exposure.

The proposed method works as follows. At the first stage, we use the electrometric diagnostic method. The principle of the method is reduced to the ability of hard tissues to conduct electric current of different sizes depending on their involvement in the carious process. The more intense the damage to hard tissues, the lower the sensitivity of the studied areas to changes in the conductivity of electric current.

The measurements were performed on a DENTEST apparatus. The apparatus for electrometric research on the principle of action is identical to its predecessor, the device "STIL".

DENTEST consists of an ammeter, an active electrode (sterile dental mirror) and a passive electrode (disposable microsyringe with 10% calcium chloride solution). After turning on the device, we place the dental mirror in the oral cavity of the patient being examined and ensure tight contact with soft tissues, and place the microsyringe on the previously prepared tooth site. To obtain objective results, remove soft and hard dental deposits from the study area, carefully isolate with cotton rolls, dry with a stream of air for 30 seconds (otherwise a leakage current may occur). At the time of recording the readings, we ensure the presence of a meniscus from the electrolyte solution (10% calcium chloride) on the tip of the needle of the microsyringe to create a contact area with a constant area, since the digital value on the display of the device depends on the contact area of the passive electrode and solid tissues [6, 7]. When interpreting the obtained data, the G.G. Ivanova, V.K. Leontiev [6, 7].

The current value is 0-0.2 μA - an approximate diagnosis: "intact mineralized enamel"; during clinical examination - intact enamel, has a natural shine, the probe easily glides on the surface of the enamel.

Values of current 0.3-3.8 μA - indicative diagnosis: "precarious state of enamel"; during clinical examination - intact enamel, has a natural shine, the probe easily glides on the surface of the enamel.

Values of current 3.9-7.9 μA - indicative diagnosis: "initial caries"; however, clinically, enamel may still have a natural shine, or when drying the tooth with a jet of air in certain areas, foci of demineralization may occur.

Values of current 8.0-27.7 μA - indicative diagnosis: "superficial caries"; clinically, the enamel may have a natural luster, and focal spots of demineralization may be detected, when probing, the defect may not be detected, but a cavity may appear within the enamel.

At current values above 27.8-50.0 μA - an indicative diagnosis: "average caries"; during a clinical examination, a shallow carious cavity within the dentin can be detected, initial caries is often diagnosed, that is, a carious cavity is determined within the enamel, although an electrometric examination (as with the pathological anatomy) diagnoses average caries.

With current values of more than 50.0 μA - an indicative diagnosis of "deep caries". In an electrometric study at the fill-tooth border, deep caries was determined randomly.

The obtained current values of 8.0-27.7 μA determine the transition to the second stage of the study. The essence of the stage is the electrometric measurement of the hard tissues of the tooth. A solution of hydrochloric acid buffer is applied to a preselected area of hard tissues for 60 seconds. Then the buffer is thoroughly washed off with a water-air gun, and the test area is dried for 30 seconds. 1.5 microliters of demineralizing solution, namely, hydrochloric acid buffer with a pH of 0.37, is applied to a previously prepared tooth site (if necessary, mineralized and non-mineralized dental deposits, isolation with cotton rolls, drying with a water-air gun) are applied. For better visualization of the demineralizing solution in the studied area of the tooth, acid fuchsin is added to its composition, which gives the buffer a pink color. The increased viscosity of the demineralizing solution, which is achieved by adding glycerin to the composition, allows you to get a drop with a constant area of contact with the tooth and prevents the spreading of the applied drop.

Within 60 seconds, the hydrochloric acid buffer exerts a demineralizing effect on the surface layer of enamel, after which a return of the applied solution is performed with a volume of 1 μl. To apply a drop of constant volume and the subsequent selection of hydrochloric acid buffer, a microsyringe was used (MSh-5, AGAT series, TU 4215-003-84030495-03, Nizhny Novgorod region, Dzerzhinsk).

Next, a simultaneous determination of Ca and P in 1 μl of the biopsy specimen is performed [8]. The determination of Ca is carried out according to the method of A. Karakashov and E. Vichev (1968), modified by V.K. Leontiev [9]. The method is based on microtitration of Ca. The content of P in the test biopsy is carried out by the photometric method (according to the method of Boltz and Luke).

A pairwise comparison of the characteristics of hard tooth tissues before and after (60 minutes) working at a computer showed that electromagnetic radiation led to statistically significant changes in indicators: the rate of dissolution of calcium (an increase of 77.0%), phosphorus (an increase of 91.1%) ( Fig. 1). It is known that calcium and phosphorus can be in the surface layer of enamel not only in a bound form, but also in an adsorbed state (B. Seal). In the event of physical adsorption, the molecules of the substance are held onto the enamel surface by Van der Waals forces, which are noticeably inferior to chemical bonding. Hydroxyapatite can be not only neutral, but also have a negative charge. In this case, positively charged calcium and phosphorus ions are adsorbed on the enamel surface (physical adsorption). Given the foregoing, we can assume that the energy of electromagnetic radiation is sufficient to break the weak van der Waals forces. In this case, the Ca / P coefficient did not change (Fig. 2). The TER test and the conductivity of hard tooth tissues within 60 minutes of working at a computer statistically significantly increased by 200 and 300%, respectively (Fig. 3). The conductivity of intact enamel is 0 μA. After exposure to electromagnetic radiation, the values were 0.3-0.4 μA, which indicates the destructive processes in enamel and a decrease in the degree of its mineralization. A significant change in the conductivity of enamel is consistent with a decrease in the degree of mineralization. The data obtained are confirmed by the works of a number of authors (M.I. Groshikov, T.A. Golovanova).

Clinical example 1

Patient T., 23 years old. A two-stage diagnosis of the state of hard tissues before and after exposure to electromagnetic radiation was carried out. The computer’s operating time was 180 minutes. Initial values were: tooth conductivity 1.1 - 0.1 μA. On examination, intact enamel is determined. After working at the computer, the electrical conductivity of tooth 2.1 was 0.4 μA. The second stage of the study was not conducted.

Clinical example 2

Patient T., 21 years old. A two-stage diagnosis of the state of hard tissues before and after exposure to electromagnetic radiation was carried out. The computer’s operating time was 180 minutes. The initial values were: conductivity of the 12 tooth - 0 μA. On examination, intact enamel is determined. After working at the computer, the electrical conductivity of the 12 tooth was 0.9 μA, the phosphorus output rate was 5.02 μg / min, and the calcium output rate was 6.29 μg / min.

Information sources

1. Axamit L.A. Diagnosis of the initial stage of enamel demineralization by staining. In the book. The results of clinical and experimental studies. M. 1973. S. 4-5.

2. Leus P.A. Clinical and experimental study of pathogenesis, pathogenetic therapy and prevention of dental caries. Dis. Doct. honey. sciences. Moscow, 1976. 241 p.

3. V.R. Kuchma. Hygiene of children and adolescents when working with computer video display terminals. M .: Medicine, 2000.

4. RF patent 2238560, IPC G01N 33/48.

5. Okushko V. R. Donosological diagnosis of caries taking into account biorhythmological variability of acid resistance of enamel / V.R. Okushko, I.D. Ermakova, I.V. Beetle // New diagnostic methods and the results of their implementation in dental practice. - M., 1991 .-- S. 8-10.

6. Leontiev V.K. Electrometric diagnosis of lesions of hard tissues of teeth / V.K. Leontiev, G.G. Ivanova, T.N. Zhorova // Dentistry. - 1990. - T. 68, No. 5. - S. 19-24].

7. Ivanova G.G. Diagnostic and prognostic assessment of electrometry of hard tissues of teeth in case of caries: author. dis. ... cand. honey. sciences / G.G. Ivanova. - Omsk, 1984. -19 p.

8. Leontiev V.K. The mechanism of acid dissolution of enamel / V.K. Leontiev, O.I. Vershinin // Dentistry. - 1982. - T. 61, No. 1. - S. 4-6.

9. Leontiev V.K. Biochemical research methods in clinical and experimental dentistry: method. The allowance / V.K. Leontiev, Yu.A. Petrovich .-- Omsk, 1976 .-- 93 p.

Claims (1)

A method for assessing the state of hard tooth tissues when exposed to electromagnetic radiation from a computer monitor, characterized in that before and after 180 minutes after working at the computer, a two-stage diagnosis of the level of impact of computer radiation on the condition of the teeth is carried out, while at the first stage, the conductivity of the hard tissues of the teeth is measured using active, passive electrodes and the Dentest device, taking measurements at various points of the tooth, then in the case of obtaining a current value of 8.0-27.7 μA, they go to the second in a study in which a solution of hydrochloric acid buffer is applied to a pre-selected area of dental hard tissues for 60 seconds, the buffer is washed off with an air gun and the test area is dried for 30 seconds, while for better visualization of the solution of hydrochloric acid buffer in the studied area Acid fuchsin is added to the tooth composition, which gives it a pink color, and to obtain a drop with a constant area of contact with the tooth and prevent its spreading, the solution of hydrochloric acid buffer is given an increased viscosity by adding glycerin to its composition, then simultaneously determine in 1 μl biopsy the dissolution rate of calcium by microtiter and the dissolution rate of phosphorus by the photometric method, while an increase in the rates of dissolution of calcium by 77.0% and phosphorus by 91.1% is assessed as negative the influence of electromagnetic radiation from a computer monitor, which is manifested by the processes of enamel demineralization.

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