RU2601648C1 - Process line for processing ash-slag wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: recycling.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to processing of combustion products and can be used at thermal power plants and in boiler houses operating on coal fuels. Process line for processing of ash-slag wastes comprises ash-slag wastes batcher, connected to the mixer volume, connected to a source of a diluting medium by the supply line, classifier of ash-slag particles, means of classified particles fractions dewatered arrays discharge . Line is equipped with the first recirculating tank, which is connected to the output of the mixer by means of the pipeline equipped with the first pump. Drain nozzle of the first recirculation tank is arranged at its top edge and communicated with the mixer by the first drain pipeline. Outlet nozzle of the first recirculation tank is arranged at its bottom and communicated with the rotary disperser inlet nozzle, configured with a possibility of impact-abrasive pulp grinding, while its outlet nozzle is connected to the input of the first classification unit hydraulic cyclone, containing also the second hydraulic cyclone, second recirculation tank and a damping tank. Sand output of the first hydraulic cyclone is communicated with the damping tank, while its clay output is connected with the storage tank of clay fraction. Input of the second hydraulic cyclone and input of the second recirculation tank are linked by a connecting pipeline equipped with the second pump with the damping tank. Sand output of the second hydraulic cyclone is interconnected with the storage tank of heavy fraction, while its clay output is connected with slimes storage tank. Each of the storage tanks and the damping tank are equipped with the drain nozzle, arranged at its top edge and connected to the input of the settling tank, output of which is connected to the input of recycling water tank by means of the third pump with the first water line, output of which is communicated with the mixer by means of the fourth pump with the second water line. Drain nozzle of the second recirculation tank is arranged at its bottom and communicated with the damper tank by means of the second drain pipeline equipped with a valve. Line is equipped with a water source configured with a possibility of its supply to the first recirculating tank and the damping tank.

EFFECT: technical result is expansion of range of fractionation of ash-slag wastes by the particle size, as well as reduced pollution of the environment.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of processing of combustion products and can be used in thermal power plants and boiler houses operating on coal fuels.

A known production line comprising a system for transporting ash and slag waste from a dump equipped with a receiving hopper, a waste mixer with a fluidizing medium connected to a supply line of said medium, at least one ash and slag classifier, at least one thickener of a fluidized ash and slag mixture and a system for removing dehydrated masses of classified grades fractions of particles for disposal, a dosing feeder for ash and slag waste, connecting the receiving hopper to the mixer, and installed behind the mixer the consistency meter of the liquefied ash and slag mixture, and the fluidizing medium supply line connects the mixer to the discharge line of the hydraulic ash removal system and is made in the form of a pipeline for removing ash from the ash and slag pulp of the current supply. In this case, the ash and slurry discharge pipe can be equipped with a tapering nozzle at the inlet to the mixer. The processing line may also additionally contain a device for grinding large particles of a liquefied ash and slag mixture (see. Application of new technologies in the processing of ash and slag waste at TPP 22 of Mosenergo OJSC / Kozlov I.N. et al. // Electric stations. 2005, 11, p. 22-26).

The disadvantage of this production line is the insufficient efficiency of the removal of underburning, which under the real presence of underburning in significant quantities (exceeding 5% of the ash volume) does not allow to effectively implement all subsequent processes of slag utilization.

In addition, the adopted scheme for processing ash and slag waste implies a strict dependence of the processes of their processing on the technological processes of coal burning at power plants, which complicates the organization of work and requires monitoring the consistency of incoming material and pulp during its preparation.

Also known is a processing line for processing ash and slag waste, containing a dosing feeder for ash and slag waste, connected to the capacity of the mixer connected to the source of the fluidizing medium by a feed line, a classifier of ash and slag particles, means for removing dehydrated masses of classified particle fractions (see RU No. 2363885, IPC F23J 1 / 02, B03B 9/04, 2008).

A disadvantage of the known solution is the small range of fractionation of ash and slag waste by particle size and environmental pollution by waste water.

The task to which the proposed technical solution is directed is to expand the range of fractionation of ash and slag waste by particle size and reduce environmental pollution by waste water.

The technical result obtained by solving the technical problem is expressed in providing the possibility of fractionation of ash and slag waste by particle size, at least three fractions. In addition, it is possible to pre-prepare ash and slag waste to extract platinum group metals, precious stones and rare earth minerals. The consumption of clean water in the process is reduced due to the widespread use of recycled water in the preparation of pulp. High-quality washing and collection of heavy fraction minerals is provided.

To solve this problem, a processing line for processing ash and slag waste, containing a dosing feeder for ash and slag waste, connected to the capacity of a mixer connected to a source of a fluidizing medium by a feed line, a classifier of ash and slag particles, and means for removing dehydrated masses of classified particle fractions, is characterized in that it is equipped with a first recirculation a tank, which is connected to the outlet of the mixer by means of a pipeline provided with a first pump, while the drain pipe of the first recirculator the ion tank is placed at its upper edge and communicated with the mixer with the first drain pipe, and the outlet pipe of the first recirculation tank is placed at its bottom and communicated with the inlet pipe of the rotary disperser, made with the possibility of shock-abrasive grinding of the pulp, and its outlet pipe is in communication with the input of the first a hydrocyclone of the classification unit, which also contains a second hydrocyclone, a second recirculation tank and a damper tank, while the sand outlet of the first hydrocyclone is in communication with the damper tank, and its hl the initial outlet is in communication with the clay storage tank, the inlet of the second hydrocyclone and the inlet of the second recirculation tank are communicated via a connecting pipe provided with a second pump with a damper tank, the sand outlet of the second hydrocyclone is in communication with the heavy storage tank, and its clay outlet is in communication with the tank a sludge accumulator, wherein each of the storage tanks and the damper tank are equipped with a drain pipe located at its upper edge and communicated with the entrance of the sump, the output of which is medium The third pump with the first water conduit communicates with the inlet of the circulating water tank, the outlet of which is communicated with a mixer through the fourth pump with the second water conduit, in addition, the drain pipe of the second recirculation tank is located at its bottom and is connected to the damper tank through a second drain pipe equipped with a tap, wherein the production line is provided with a water source configured to supply it to the first recirculation tank and the damper tank. In addition, as the first and second pumps used submersible pumps, which are placed in the volume, respectively, of the mixer and the damper tank. In addition, centrifugal pumps were used as the third and fourth pumps. In addition, the bottom of the mixer, the first and second recirculation tanks, storage tanks, damper tank, sump and recycling water tank are equipped with relief valves. In addition, the outlet pipe of the first recirculation tank is located above the rotary disperser, while the storage tanks and the damper tank are located below the sand outlets of the hydrocyclones, which are located below the second recirculation tank. In addition, storage tanks of individual fractions of ash are equipped with means for removing dehydrated masses of classified fractions of ash particles. In addition, the sump and the circulating water tank are equipped with sensors for the upper and lower circulating water levels. In addition, the rotary dispersant is made of synthetic materials, such as polyethylene, or caprolon, or fluoroplastic, and contains a cylindrical body with a lid, divided in height into two interconnected compartments, the upper of which is equipped with an inlet and the lower one has an outlet pipe, and a rotor, equipped with a drive for rotation on a vertical shaft, and the rotor is made in the form of a disk with a concentric ring at the periphery, equipped with slots of rectangular cross section, in addition, the rotor is placed in the cavity of a cylindrical ring with ezyami rectangular section directed at an angle to the rotor slots.

A comparative analysis of the set of essential features of the proposed technical solution and the set of essential features of the prototype and analogues indicates its compliance with the criterion of "novelty".

In this case, the essential features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks.

Signs indicating that the line “is equipped with a first recirculation tank, which is connected to the outlet of the mixer by means of a pipe equipped with a first pump”, allows ashes and slurry to be fed continuously with additional washing to a centrifugal classifier.

The signs "... at the same time, the drain pipe of the first recirculation tank is located at its upper edge and communicated with the mixer with the first drain pipe ..." provide the opportunity to return the pulp to the mixer when it is full, while maintaining the pulp supply volume for dispersion and subsequent classification.

The signs "... the outlet pipe of the first recirculation tank is located at its bottom and communicated with the inlet pipe of the rotary disperser ..." ensure the completeness of the emptying of the recirculation tank and the gravity of the material supply to the dispersant and its loading.

A sign indicating that the dispersant is made "with the possibility of shock-abrasive grinding of pulp" allows you to effectively destroy the near-surface zone of ash particles, in which useful components are concentrated, which has increased resistance (represented by aluminosilicates interspersed with other components).

The sign "... the outlet pipe is in communication with the input of the first hydrocyclone of the classification unit ..." provides the supply of crushed material for classification.

The signs "... also containing a second hydrocyclone, a second recirculation tank and a damper tank ..." describe the composition of the classification unit.

Signs indicating that “the sandy outlet of the first hydrocyclone is communicated with the damper tank, and its clay outlet is communicated with the storage tank of the clay fraction”, provide the removal of clay fraction from the ash material and the subsequent possibility of separation of heavy components.

Signs indicating that “the inlet of the second hydrocyclone and the inlet of the second recirculation tank are communicated by means of a connecting pipe provided with a second pump with a damper tank”, provide the pulp freed from clay particles to separate the heavy fraction from it and circulate the pulp through the damper tank.

Signs indicating that “the sandy outlet of the second hydrocyclone is communicated with the heavy fraction storage tank, and its clay output is communicated with the sludge storage tank”, provide separate accumulation of the heavy fraction and sludge.

Signs indicating that in this case each of the storage tanks and the damper tank “are equipped with a drain pipe located at its upper edge and communicated with the entrance of the sump”, provide water withdrawal from them with minimal entrainment of ash particles and the accumulation of this water in the sump with the possibility her lightening.

A sign indicating that the outlet of the sump “through the third pump with the first water conduit is connected to the inlet of the circulating water tank”, provides the accumulation of clarified circulating water.

A sign indicating that the outlet of the sump “by means of a fourth pump with a second water conduit is connected to the mixer”, provides for “feeding” the mixer with clarified circulating water.

Signs indicating that "the drain pipe of the second recirculation tank is located at its bottom and is connected to the damper tank through the second drain pipe equipped with a tap", provide, if necessary, maintain a high level of pulp in the damper tank, mitigating its fluctuations during operation, maintaining pulp supply volume to the second classification stage.

Signs indicating that “the processing line is provided with a water source configured to be supplied to the first recirculation tank and the damper tank” ensures that the water volume is maintained at a proper level, compensating for the loss of water with clay sediments and the stability of the solid / liquid ratio.

The features of the second claim indicate the constructive type of pump and its preferred installation location for pumping the finished pulp into recirculation tanks and a hydrocyclone.

The features of the third claim indicate the design type of pump, preferred for pumping recycled water.

The features of the fourth claim provide for the cleaning of technological tanks from sludge from clay and clay particles.

The signs of the fifth claim ensure the full use of the volume of the first recirculation tank and the gravity of the message of technological capacities.

The features of the sixth claim provide further use of accumulated materials.

The features of the seventh claim provide for the efficient operation of the second and third pumps.

The features of the eighth claim provide for the effective disintegration of ash material.

Figure 1, as one example of the invention, schematically depicts a production line for processing ash and slag waste - products of combustion of coal fuel (hereinafter - the production line). In FIG. 2 shows a rotary dispersant.

The drawing shows a production line for processing ash and slag waste, containing a metering feeder 1, a mixer 2, a first recirculation tank 3, its drain 4 and output 5 pipes, pipe 6, drain pipe 7, first pump 8, input 9 and output 10 of the housing rotary disperser 11, inlet 12 of the first hydrocyclone 13 of classification unit 14, second hydrocyclone 15, second recirculation tank 16 and damper tank 17, sand 18 and clay 19 outlets of the first hydrocyclone 13, storage tank of clay fraction 20, inlet 21 of the second hydrocyclone it is 15 and outlet 22 of the second recirculation tank 16, connecting pipe 23, second pump 24, sand 25 and clay 26 exits of the second hydrocyclone 15, heavy fraction storage tank 27, sludge storage tank 28, their drain pipes 29, input 30 and output 31 sump 32, third pump 33, first water supply 34, inlet 35 and outlet 36 of the circulating water tank 37, fourth pump 38 and second water supply 39, drain pipe 40 of the second recirculation tank 16, second drain pipe 41, tap 42, water source 43, sensors of upper 44 and lower 45 levels of circulating water, rotor 46, made shaped in the form of a disk 47, with a concentric ring 48 at its periphery, made with slots 49, a cylindrical ring 50 with slots 51, a rotor drive 52, means 53 for removing dehydrated classified ash particles, dump valves 54, control panel 55, relief valves 56.

The feeder-feeder 1 of ash and slag waste is associated with the exit of the crusher (not shown in the drawings), preferably providing grinding of ash to a particle size of not more than 5-7 mm. Its output is connected with the capacity of the mixer 2, connected by a second water conduit 39, equipped with a fourth pump 38 with a source of fluidizing medium, which uses a tank of circulating water 37. The mixer 2 contains an impeller with a drive (not shown in the drawings), while in its cavity is located the first pump 8, which is used as a submersible pump. In this case, the first recirculation tank 3 is connected to the outlet of the mixer 2 by means of a pipe 6 (flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm). A drain pipe 4 of the recirculation tank 3 is placed at its upper edge and communicated with the mixer with a drain pipe 7 (flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm). The first recirculation tank 3 and the rotary disperser are mounted on the technological site, and the first of them is at a height of 180 cm from its level. Moreover, the outlet pipe 5 of the first recirculation tank 3 is placed above the inlet pipe 9 of the dispersant and communicated with it.

The rotary dispersant is made of synthetic materials, for example, such as polyethylene, or caprolon, or fluoroplastic, and contains a cylindrical body 11 with a lid, divided in height into two interconnected compartments, the upper of which is equipped with an input 9 and a lower one with an output 10 nozzles, and the rotor 46, equipped with a drive 52 rotatably on a vertical shaft, the rotor made in the form of a disk 47, with a concentric ring 48, fastened with it on the periphery of the disk, provided with slots 49 of rectangular cross section, in addition, the rotor 46 is placed in cavity of a cylindrical ring 50 with slots 51 of rectangular cross section, directed at an angle to the slots of the rotor. The design of the rotary dispersant is made with the possibility of shock-abrasive grinding of solid pulp particles.

At the same time, the outlet pipe 10 of the rotary disperser is in communication with the input 12 of the first hydrocyclone 13 of the classification unit 14, which also contains the second hydrocyclone 15, the second recirculation tank 16 and the damper tank 17.

Moreover, the sand outlet 18 of the first hydrocyclone 13 is in communication with the damper tank 17, and its clay output 19 is in communication with the storage tank of the clay fraction 20. In addition, the inlet 21 of the second hydrocyclone 15 and the outlet 22 of the second recirculation tank 16 are communicated through a connecting pipe 23 provided with a second pump 24 with a damper tank 17. In this case, the sand outlet 25 of the second hydrocyclone 15 is in communication with the storage tank of the heavy fraction 27, and its clay output 26 is in communication with the storage tank of sludge 28.

Each of the storage tanks (20, 27 and 28) and the damper tank 17 are equipped with drain pipes 29 located at their upper edges and communicated with the input 30 of the sump 32, the output of which 31 is connected to the tank inlet 35 through the third pump 33 with the first water supply 34 recycled water 37, the outlet 36 of which through the fourth pump 38 with the second conduit 39 is in communication with the mixer 2, in addition, the drain pipe 40 of the second recirculation tank 16 is placed at its bottom and communicates with the damper tank 17 through the second drain pipe 41, equipped with a valve 42,while the production line is equipped with a water source 43, made with the possibility of its supply to the first recirculation tank 3 and the damper tank 17.

In addition, submersible pumps were used as the first 8 and second 24 pumps, which are located in the volume, respectively, of the mixer 2 and the damper tank 17. In addition, centrifugal pumps are used as the third 33 and fourth 38 pumps. In addition, the bottom of the mixer 2, the first 3 and second 16 recirculation tanks, damper tank 17, sump 32 and recycling water tank 37 are equipped with relief valves 54.

The bottom parts of the storage tanks (20, 27 and 28) are equipped with discharge valves 56, connected with means 53 for removing dehydrated masses of classified fractions of ash particles (by pipelines, if the transport is carried out by gravity, or elevators, if the means of disposal of ash materials are placed above the discharge valves 56). Structurally, the relief valves 54 and the relief valves 56 are similar, they differ only in the bore, which the second has more, while it is advisable that the bottom of the storage tanks (20, 27 and 28) be conical or pyramidal, with an inclination slightly larger than the angle of repose relevant classified material.

In addition, the outlet pipe 5 of the first recirculation tank 3 is placed above the rotary disperser 11, while the storage tanks (20, 27 and 28) and the damper tank 17 are located below the sand outlets 18 and 25 of the hydrocyclones 13 and 15, which are located below the second recirculation tank 16. In addition, the sump 32 and the circulating water tank 37 are equipped with sensors for the upper 44 and lower 45 level (known design) of circulating water. The line is equipped with a control panel 55, containing switches of all nodes and mechanisms and known automation equipment.

The technological line works as follows.

The ash and slag material prepared for washing by means of the feeder-feeder 1 is loaded into the mixer 2, and recycled water is supplied from the tank of the circulating water 37 to the tank of the mixer 2 to provide a ratio of solid to liquid from 1/5 to 1/20. On the control panel 55, the impeller mixer and the drive 52 of the rotor 46 of the rotary disperser 11 are turned on. As the capacity of the mixer 2 is filled with pulp, it is fed by the first pump 8 through line 6 (flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm) to the first recirculation tank 3, from where the pulp flows by gravity through the flexible a hose with a diameter of 50 mm (not indicated in the drawings) enters the inlet pipe 9 of the rotor disperser body 11 and then into its lower compartment, where the rotor 46 rotates.

In the event of overfilling of the recirculation tank 3, the pulp through the drain pipe 7 (flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm) connected to the drain pipe 4 located at the upper point of the first recirculation tank 3, returns by gravity to the mixer 2.

Particles of the pulp, falling into the rotor 46, are accelerated closer to the periphery closer to its central part and are ejected from the slots 49, the concentric ring 48 of the rotor at high speed. In the space between the rotor 46 and the cylindrical ring 50 with slots 51, the movement of ash particles occurs in a chaotic vortex formed by reflecting the flow from the walls of this ring and the vortices from the slots 49 of the rotor and the slots 51 of the cylindrical ring 50. Particle grinding is mainly due to their impacts and friction against each other in the annular channel between the rotor 46 and the cylindrical ring 50 and due to impacts on the walls of the cylindrical ring 50. Thus, the ash material during the movement of the pulp through the rotary disperser istira is transferred to a homogeneous mass and then through a tangential outlet pipe 10, leaves the dispersant and continuously enters the inlet of the first hydrocyclone 13 through a flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm. In the first hydrocyclone 13, the light fraction (aluminosilicates - clay) leaves through the clay outlet 19 of the first hydrocyclone 13 and through a flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm enters the storage tank of the clay fraction 20, and the concentrate of heavy fraction minerals (including gold, platinum group metals and rare earth elements ) is discharged into the damper tank 17, through the sand outlet 18 of the first hydrocyclone 13. In the damper tank 17, due to the circulation of the pulp through the second recirculation tank 16 and the operation of the second pump 24 installed in it, stable the state of the pulp (the ash component is prevented from falling out), while part of the sludge from the second recirculation tank 16 is constantly returned to it. The pulp from the damper tank 17 is taken by the second pump 24 and is continuously supplied to the second recirculation tank 16 and to the input 21 of the second hydrocyclone 15 .

In the second hydrocyclone 15, the light fraction (sludge, including aluminosilicates and clay) leaves through its clay outlet 26 and, through a flexible hose with a diameter of 50 mm, enters the sludge storage tank 28, and the concentrate of heavy minerals (including gold, platinum metals groups and rare-earth elements) is removed and accumulated in the storage tank of the heavy fraction 27.

As the storage tanks 20, 27 and 28 are filled with material and water, the latter flows by gravity through the corresponding pipelines into the sump 32, where water is clarified due to the precipitation of suspended particles. After filling the clarifier 32 with clarified water, the third pump 39 is switched on by the command of its upper level sensor 44, which ensures the clarified water is pumped through the first conduit 34 to the circulating water tank 37, from which it is sent to the mixer 2 by the fourth pump 38 through the second conduit 39. The production line runs almost on circulating water.

The material collected in the storage tanks is discharged through their discharge valves 56 and fed to the subsequent processing as building materials or to the extraction of aluminosilicates, gold, platinum group metals and rare earth elements, etc.

As necessary, utilize suspended particles of sludge, clay, organic impurities deposited at the bottom of the remaining process tanks, for which they are periodically opened with relief valves 36.

Claims (8)

1. A processing line for processing ash and slag waste, containing a dosing feeder for ash and slag waste, connected to the capacity of a mixer connected to a source of a fluidizing medium by a feed line, a classifier of ash and slag particles, means for removing dehydrated masses of classified particle fractions, characterized in that it is equipped with a first recirculation tank, which is connected with the outlet of the mixer by means of a pipeline equipped with a first pump, while the drain pipe of the first recirculation tank is located at its the upper edge and communicated with the mixer by the first drain pipe, and the outlet pipe of the first recirculation tank is placed at its bottom and communicated with the inlet pipe of the rotary disperser, configured to shock-abrasive grinding of the pulp, and its outlet pipe is communicated with the input of the first hydrocyclone of the classification unit containing also a second hydrocyclone, a second recirculation tank and a damper tank, while the sand outlet of the first hydrocyclone is in communication with the damper tank, and its clay output is in communication with the tank a clay fraction accumulator, wherein the inlet of the second hydrocyclone and the inlet of the second recirculation tank are communicated by means of a connecting pipe provided with a second pump with a damper tank, the sand outlet of the second hydrocyclone is communicated with the heavy fraction storage tank, and its clay output is communicated with the sludge storage tank, In this case, each of the storage tanks and the damper tank are equipped with a drain pipe located at its upper edge and communicated with the entrance of the sump, the output of which through the third pump from the first the outlet conduit is connected to the inlet of the circulating water tank, the outlet of which is connected to the mixer through the fourth pump with the second conduit, in addition, the drain pipe of the second recirculation tank is located at its bottom and is connected to the damper tank through the second drain pipe equipped with a tap, while the production line equipped with a source of water, made with the possibility of its supply to the first recirculation tank and damper tank. 2. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second pumps used submersible pumps, which are placed in the volume, respectively, of the mixer and the damper tank. 3. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that centrifugal pumps are used as the third and fourth pumps. 4. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the mixer, the first and second recirculation tanks, storage tanks, a damper tank, a sump and a recycling water tank are equipped with relief valves. 5. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe of the first recirculation tank is located above the rotary disperser, while the storage tanks and the damper tank are located below the sand outlets of the hydrocyclones, which are located below the second recirculation tank. 6. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage tanks of the individual ash fractions are equipped with means for removing the dehydrated masses of the classified ash fractions. 7. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the sump and the circulating water tank are equipped with sensors for upper and lower circulating water levels. 8. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary dispersant is made of synthetic materials, such as polyethylene, or caprolon, or fluoroplastic, and contains a cylindrical body with a lid, divided in height into two communicating compartments, the upper of which is equipped with an inlet and the lower one has outlet pipes and a rotor equipped with a rotary drive on a vertical shaft, and the rotor is made in the form of a disk with a concentric ring on the periphery, equipped with slots of a rectangular section, in addition, the rotor is accommodated n in the cavity of a cylindrical ring with slots of rectangular cross section, directed at an angle to the slots of the rotor.

Images