RU2600941C1 - Method for providing survivability of distributed user communication network - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication networks and can be used in designing distributed communication networks. Technical result is achieved owing to separation of the antenna-feeder circuit of user stations into the transmitting and the receiving parts, separation of base stations as per their functions into transmitting and receiving ones, orientation of transmitting antennae of the user stations and transmitting antennae of transmitting base stations into the direction providing the minimum probability of detecting by means of monitoring of intruders. During movement of the user stations there is blocking of the user stations transmitters at the points of routes with the maximum probability of detecting by means of monitoring of intruders.

EFFECT: technical result is higher survivability of the formed network due to reduced probability of detection of user radio communication means by intruders.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to communication systems and networks and can be used in the design of distributed communication networks.

Interpretation of terms used in the application.

By a distributed subscriber communication network is understood a radial-zone communication network designed to provide communication services to mobile subscribers. The network includes subscriber stations, base stations, communication centers, auxiliary hardware and software, with the help of which a territorial zone is formed on which subscriber stations can be connected via the radio interface (V.A. Grigoriev, O.I. Lagutenko, Yu. A. Raspaev, Networks and Radio Access Systems. - M .: Eco-Trends, 2005. - 384 p., P. 27).

The base station (BS) is a combination of technical means and antenna-feeder devices that provide information exchange with subscriber stations and the implementation of the radio interface in accordance with the information exchange protocol (V.A. Grigoriev, O.I. Lagutenko, Yu.A. Raspaev. Networks and Radio Access Systems. - M.: Eco-Trends, 2005. - 384 p., P. 27).

By subscriber station (AS) we mean a combination of hardware and software that provide network connectivity and information exchange in accordance with the established exchange protocol and with the characteristics determined by the radio interface (V.A. Grigoriev, O.I. Lagutenko, Yu.A. Raspaev, Networks and Radio Access Systems, Moscow: Eco-Trends, 2005. - 384 p., P. 28).

The coverage zone is understood as the territory where, with a given probability, the signal level from the BS exceeds the sensitivity level of the speakers (V. A. Grigoriev, O. I. Lagutenko, Yu. A. Raspaev. Radio access networks and systems. - M.: Eco-Trends , 2005 .-- 384 p., P. 29).

The Unified Telecommunication Network (ESE) is a set of technologically interconnected public telecommunication networks, dedicated networks, technological communication networks connected to the ESE, special-purpose communication networks and other telecommunication networks for transmitting information using electromagnetic systems (V. Lomovitsky, Fundamentals of Construction information transmission systems and networks / Lomovitsky V.V., Mikhailov A.I., Shestak K.V., Schekotikhin V.M. - M .: Hot line - Telecom, 2004. - 382 p., p. 160).

Communication system - an organizational and technical association of communication facilities deployed in accordance with the tasks to be solved and the adopted control system for the exchange of all types of messages (information) between points (communication centers), control bodies and objects (Ermishyan A.G. Theoretical foundations of building military systems Communications in Associations and Unions: A Textbook, Part 1. Methodological foundations for the construction of organizational and technical systems of military communications. St. Petersburg: VAS, 2005. - 740 p., p. 74).

Communication network is a technological system that includes means and communication lines and is intended for telecommunications (Federal Law "On Communications". 07/08/2003. Adopted by the State Duma on June 18, 2003).

A communication line is an element of a communication system intended for the formation of channels and group paths having a common distribution medium (V.V. Lomovitsky, A.I. Mikhailov, K.V. Shestak, V.M. Shchekotikhin. Fundamentals of the construction of transmission systems and networks Information textbook for universities, edited by V. M. Schekotikhin - M .: Hot line - Telecom, 2005. - 382 p., p. 11).

Antenna-feeder path - a combination of a transmitting antenna and a feeder connecting a transmitting antenna to a transmitter, as well as a receiving antenna and a feeder connecting a receiving antenna to a receiver. The reversibility of the processes occurring in transmitting and receiving antennas has led to the use of one common transceiver antenna in mobile (mobile) radios (Belotserkovsky GB Fundamentals of radio engineering and antennas. Part 2. Antennas. M: Soviet Radio, 1969 - 328 p. , p. 5-6).

Duplexer - a device for simultaneous (duplex) operation of the receiver and transmitter on one common antenna, consisting of a signal addition device and separation filters (Bodilovsky V.G., Ustinsky A.A. Radio relay communication in railway transport. - M.: Transport, 1984 . - 359 p., P. 8).

The antenna pattern is a graphical representation of a function expressing the property of an antenna to radiate electromagnetic energy differently in different directions. Depending on the type of radiation pattern, directional, weakly directional and non-directional antennas are distinguished. For directional antennas, the direction of maximum radiation of electromagnetic energy is usually called the main lobe of the radiation pattern, and the remaining directions of radiation - side (side, rear) lobes of the radiation pattern (Belotserkovsky GB Fundamentals of radio engineering and antennas. Part 2. Antennas. M: Soviet radio , 1969 - 328 p., P. 13-14, p. 18-19).

The antenna gain is the product of the directional coefficient of the antenna and the efficiency of the antenna. The directional coefficient of the antenna is the ratio of the power flux density of the antenna in this direction to the power flux density radiated by an absolutely non-directional antenna at the same distance from the antennas (Belotserkovsky GB Fundamentals of radio engineering and antennas. Part 2. Antennas. M: Soviet radio, 1969 - 328 p., P. 19-20).

Telecontrol (TU) - control of the position or state of discrete objects and objects with a continuous set of states by methods and means of telemechanics (GOST 26.005-82. Telecommunications. Audio and video equipment. Terms and definitions. Part 1. // Moscow. Standartinom. 2005. 10 s., p. 3).

Tele-signaling (TS) - obtaining information about the state of controlled and managed objects that have a number of possible discrete states using telemechanics methods and means (GOST 26.005-82. Telecommunications. Audio and video equipment. Terms and definitions. Part 1. // Moscow. Standard. 2005.10 p., P. 4).

A frame is a form of presenting information in the form of data structurally separated from each other (Olifer V.G., Olifer N.A. Computer networks. Principles, technologies, protocols: Textbook for universities. 4th ed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010 . - 944 p., P. 85).

Token - a frame of a special format that allows access to a network element shared by a common medium that currently has a token at its disposal. It is used in communication networks with a deterministic access method (Olifer V.G., Olifer N.A. Computer networks. Principles, technologies, protocols: Textbook for universities. 4th ed. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2010. - 944 p. , p. 353).

Arbitrator is a special device that controls access to a shared shared environment with a deterministic access method (Olifer V.G., Olifer N.A. Computer networks. Principles, technologies, protocols: Textbook for universities. 4th ed. - St. Petersburg: Peter , 2010 .-- 944 p., P. 71).

The known method embedded in the device described in the invention ("Communication Network", RF patent No.RU 2366092, CL H04J 3/00, publ. 08/27/2009. Bull. No. 24), which consists in the fact that when deploying a communication network axial and rocky communication lines are built, reference communication nodes are deployed to provide distribution and switching of channels and message packets, as well as access nodes and lines connecting the reference communication nodes to access nodes.

The disadvantage of this method is the low survivability due to the high probability of detection of radio-emitting means that are part of a deployable communications network.

The known method "Method of building a secure communication system", RF patent No.RU 2459370, class. H04L 12/00, publ. 08/20/2012. Bull. Number 23. According to the method, a communication system is deployed comprising axial, rocky communication lines, reference communication nodes, additional communication lines connecting the reference communication nodes and access nodes, measure the values of unmasking features for a communication network already operating in a given territory.

The disadvantage of this method is the low survivability due to the high probability of detection of radio-emitting means that are part of a deployable communications network.

The closest in technical essence and the functions performed, the method taken as a prototype, is the "Method of forming a secure communication system integrated with a single telecommunication network in conditions of external destructive influences", RF patent No.RU 2544786, cl. HB04 7/24, publ. 12/10/2014 Bull. Number 34. According to the invention: set the necessary initial data, form the structure and topology of the communication system integrated with the ESE, determine the necessary methods of linking to the ESE, measure and analyze the used ESE resource, measure the amount, frequency and duration of external destructive influences, predict the values of destructive influences on the line communications, predict the ESE resource, determine the adequacy of the predicted ESE resource for a certain period of time, distribute forces on the ground and Tools that ensure the timely deployment and continuous operation of the communication system, develop a sequence of actions to ensure the protection of the communication system from external destructive influences and form a protective resource, execute a set of documents regulating the order and sequence of work on planning and rational reallocation of the telecommunication resource, distribute the network resource between subscribers based on their priority category.

The disadvantage of the prototype method is the low survivability due to the high probability of detection of radio-emitting means that are part of a deployable communications network.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for ensuring the survivability of a distributed subscriber communication network, which allows to expand the capabilities of the prototype method, as well as to increase the survivability of the formed network by reducing the likelihood of detection of subscriber radio-emitting means of communication by intruders.

A way to ensure survivability of a distributed subscriber communication network is that they plan to deploy and operate a communication system, form the structure and topology of a communication system integrated with the ESE, deploy the first and second communication nodes, ESE access nodes, communication lines connecting the first and second communication nodes with ESE access nodes, set the initial data, namely the area of movement of mobile subscribers, the number of mobile subscribers, the routes of movement of mobile subscribers, the needs of subscribers in the speed of information the exchange, the number and location of the ESE access nodes closest to the area of movement of mobile subscribers, technical characteristics of the used base and subscriber stations, frequency resource allocated for the operation of subscriber and base stations, location area, means and capabilities of attackers to monitor and influence the communication network, survivability requirements of a distributed subscriber communication network, the time by which it is planned to complete customer service in a given area. The antenna-feeder path of subscriber stations is divided into transmitting and receiving parts, the subscriber stations are equipped with guidance systems of transmitting and receiving antennas. The base stations are divided according to the functions performed into transmitting and receiving. Assign transmission frequencies of transmitting base stations, assign the total transmission frequency of subscriber stations. The electromagnetic field strengths of the transmitting base stations are calculated within a given area of movement of mobile subscribers and the reliability values of information reception from the transmitting base stations corresponding to these levels. The coordinates of the points of the routes of movement of mobile subscribers with reduced reliability of receiving information from base stations are calculated. Calculate the probability of detection of subscriber stations of the planned distributed subscriber network by means of monitoring intruders. The coordinates of the points of the movement routes of subscribers are calculated, in which the probability of detection of subscriber stations by means of monitoring intruders will be minimum and maximum. The azimuths of the orientation of the main lobes of the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations to the receiving base stations are calculated, at which the minimum probability of detection of the subscriber stations by means of monitoring an attacker is provided. The survivability of the planned distributed subscriber network is calculated. The values of the calculated survivability indices of the planned network are compared with the requirements; if the survivability requirements are exceeded over the calculated survivability indices, the structure and topology of the planned distributed subscriber network are changed. The transmitting base stations are deployed, connected to the ESE access nodes, and the transmitting base station transmitting antennas are directed by the main beam of the radiation pattern in the direction that provides the minimum probability of detection of subscriber stations by means of monitoring intruders. Deploy receiving base stations, connect them to the access nodes of the ESE. They connect the first and second communication nodes to each other via ESE communication channels. The first and second communication nodes are connected with the ESE communication channels to the public communication network. They connect the first and second communication nodes with base stations via ESE communication channels. Form on a computer storage medium a database of the coordinates of the base station locations, write to the database the transmission frequencies assigned to the transmitting base stations, write to the database the total transmission frequency assigned to the subscriber stations, write the coordinates of the areas within which the reliability of reception is recorded information from transmitting base stations will be lower than required. The coordinates of the points of the subscriber’s movement routes are recorded in the database at which the probability of detecting subscriber stations by means of monitoring intruders will be minimum and maximum, as well as the corresponding azimuths of the orientation of the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations to the receiving base stations. The generated database is transferred to the memory elements of the control devices of the subscriber stations. The subscriber stations are moved along the subscriber’s travel routes, and the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations are directed by the main lobe of the radiation pattern in the direction of the receiving base stations and providing the minimum probability of detection of the subscriber stations by monitoring means, and the receiving antennas are directed in the direction of the transmitting base stations. They carry out information exchange from subscriber stations to the base stations only at points of the route of movement with a minimum probability of detection of subscriber stations by means of monitoring attackers, block the work of transmitters of subscriber stations at points of the route of movement with a maximum probability of detection by means of monitoring of attackers.

The method may be characterized in that when planning the deployment and operation of the communication system, a distributed subscriber communication network is additionally planned.

The listed new set of essential features allows to increase the survivability of the network being formed by reducing the likelihood of detection of subscriber radio-emitting means of communication by intruders.

The analysis made it possible to establish that there are no analogues that are identical to the features of the claimed method, which indicates the compliance of the claimed method with the condition of patentability “novelty”.

Search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed object from the prototype showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. The prior art also did not reveal the popularity of the impact provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention, the transformations to achieve the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The "industrial applicability" of the method is due to the presence of an element base, on the basis of which devices can be made that implement this method with the achievement of the destination specified in the invention.

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 is a diagram explaining a method of forming a distributed subscriber communication network;

FIG. 2 - communication network structure;

FIG. 3 is a diagram explaining the attainability of a technical result;

FIG. 4 - dependence of the survivability coefficient of the communication network on the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the monitoring tool for intruders at a given probability of false alarm.

A diagram explaining a method for generating a distributed subscriber communication network with a reduced probability of detection of subscriber radio-emitting means of communication by cybercriminals is shown in Figure 1, where in block 1 the initial data necessary for forming a distributed subscriber communication network, namely, the SMR area for moving mobile subscribers, is set (entered) K number of mobile subscribers, each subscriber needs a speed a _{i (i} = 1 ... K) of information exchange, the number next to the area of movement of the mobile subscriber SMR UTN Access Nodes [1 ... m]; areas NNR _i (i = 1 ... m) of the location of ESE access nodes mobile subscribers closest to the SMR area, technical data of the used subscriber and base stations (transmitter power P _BS and Р _АС , real sensitivity of receivers q _BS and q _AC , beam width transmitting and receiving antennas Θ ^per _BS , Θ ^prm _BS , Θ ^per _AC , Θ ^prm _AC , gain of transmitting and receiving antennas G ^per _BS , G ^prm _BS, G ^per _AC , G ^prm _AC ), the set of frequencies FF allowed for assignment as transmitting frequencies of base stations and transmitting frequencies of subscribers their stations, the area ER intruders accommodation available to hackers tools and capabilities for monitoring and impact on the communication network, the requirements for survivability distributed subscriber communication network _K and _requires time tc end customer service in a given area SMR.

In block 2, separation is made into the transmitting and receiving parts of the antenna-feeder path of the subscriber stations.

To separate the antenna-feeder path of the subscriber station, it is necessary to exclude from the subscriber station a duplexer, a transceiver antenna, reintroduce a transmitting directional antenna and a feeder connecting the transmitting antenna to the transmitter of the subscriber station, as well as a directional receiving antenna and a feeder connecting the receiving antenna with the receiver.

Equip subscriber stations with guidance systems of transmitting and receiving antennas.

By guidance system we mean the combination of the mechanism of the slewing ring and the mechanism of the tracking system, as well as the control device. The structure of the slewing ring includes mechanisms for rotating and aligning the antennas, designed to accurately direct the antenna in a given direction according to the commands of the control device. The tracking system mechanism includes a set of sensors connected to the antenna and informing the control device about the actual spatial orientation of the antenna. The design of antenna guidance systems is carried out using well-known techniques (N. Diniaev, Design of antenna mechanisms: a training manual. - M .: MAI publishing house, 2002. - 340 p., P. 9, p. 120-129, p. 148-151).

In block 3, the base stations are divided according to the functions performed into transmitting and receiving, while the stations themselves may remain ready to perform the transmitting or receiving functions at the required time.

The separation of base stations according to their functions into transmitting and receiving can be performed according to the standard version of the deployment and maintenance of stationary KB radio lines with geographically spaced receiving and transmitting radio centers (Isakov E.E. Technological problems of building transport networks of military communications systems. - St. Petersburg: 2004 . - 328 p., P. 226-227).

In block 4, a distributed subscriber communication network is planned, namely, the structure and topology of the communication network are formed, methods of binding to the ESE are determined taking into account the number of access nodes - m and their locations - NNR _i (i = 1 ... m).

In the general case, planning a communication network includes a number of material actions on material objects, for example, the development of various documents, schemes, maps, etc., in which the sequence, methods and time of accomplishing tasks are established; conducting reconnaissance (going to the place of the proposed deployment of elements of the communication system, measuring the size of the sites for deploying antennas and hardware communications, studying physical and geographical conditions, etc.); calculations and development of options for constructing a communication system (P.K. Altukhov, I.A. Afonsky and others. Fundamentals of the theory of command and control of troops. / Under the editorship of Altukhov P.K. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1984. - 221 pp., p. 17, 137-141. Military Encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Onyx 21 Century Publishing House, 2002. - 1432 p., pp. 1104, 1128).

Access nodes for linking a distributed subscriber communication network are usually located at the objects of the public communication network of the ESE. Binding to such an object and receiving from the ESE the required number of digital channels and transmission paths is carried out using equipment of plesiochronous and synchronous digital hierarchy.

The structural and topological construction of a distributed subscriber communication network is carried out taking into account the following elements: base stations (transmitting and receiving), communication nodes (first and second), communication lines and communication channels.

The number T of transmitting base stations is determined by the coordinates of the areas of their location TR _BSi , i = 1 ... T. The number R of receiving base stations is determined by the coordinates of the areas of their location RR _BSj , j = 1 ... R. When determining the number of base stations R, T and the coordinates of the areas of their location proceed from:

- the alleged area of ER deployment of monitoring tools for intruders;

- inadmissibility of the orientation of the main lobes of the radiation pattern of the transmitting antennas of the subscriber and transmitting base stations in the direction of the monitoring means of intruders.

To calculate the number of base stations and determine the coordinates of their location, taking into account communication with subscriber stations in the SMR area, mobile subscribers use the well-known frequency-spatial planning algorithms (Babkov V.Yu. Mobile communication networks. Frequency-territorial planning: textbook for universities / V.Yu. Babkov, M.A. Voznyuk, P.A. Mikhailov. - 2nd ed., Rev. - 224 pp. M .: Hot line - Telecom, 2007, p. 115).

They plan communication lines connecting the base stations with the ESE access nodes, namely, each line determines the type of communication that forms it (radio relay, cable), line capacity, and, if necessary, antenna frequencies and azimuths. In this case, the formed lines should not emit the main lobe of the antenna pattern towards the area ER of the attackers.

ESE communication channels are planned for connecting the first and second communication nodes to each other. ESE communication channels are planned to connect the first and second communication nodes to the public communication network. ESE communication channels are planned for connecting the first and second communication nodes with base stations. When planning communication channels take into account the needs of each of the subscribers in the speed of information exchange A _i , as well as the need to transmit telecontrol information and tele-signaling between the first and second communication nodes, as well as between the first and second communication nodes and base stations.

The required number of lines and channels of the ESE and their throughput required for the planned distributed subscriber communication network can be modeled using simulators of formal mathematical models of communication channels based on the apparatus of system functions (A. Galkin and others. Modeling of communication system channels. - M .: Communication, 1979. - 96 p., Pp. 40-52).

In block 5, from the plurality of FF authorized frequencies, T transmission frequencies F _BSi for each transmitting base station and one common transmission frequency F _{AC of the} subscriber stations are assigned. Frequencies are selected taking into account the rules for assigning operating frequencies to specific models of base and subscriber stations. Frequency resource allocation is an integral part of the known frequency-spatial planning algorithms (Babkov V.Yu. Mobile communication networks. Frequency-territorial planning: textbook for universities / V.Yu. Babkov, M.A. Voznyuk, P.A. Mikhailov . - 2nd ed., Rev. - 224 pp. M .: Hot line - Telecom, 2007, p. 119).

In block 6, the electromagnetic field strengths of the transmitting base stations are calculated within a given area SMR of mobile subscribers moving and the values of the reliability of receiving information from the base stations corresponding to these levels, the coordinates of the LQR _i regions are formed, within which the reliability of receiving signals from base stations will be lower than required (Babkov V.Yu. Mobile communication networks. Frequency-territorial planning: textbook for universities / V.Yu. Babkov, M.A. Voznyuk, P.A. Mikhailov. - 2nd ed., Rev. - 224 cm.: oryachaya liniya - Telekom, 2007, pp 82-107)..

In block 7, the probability of detecting P _obn subscriber stations by means of monitoring malicious users is calculated, taking into account:

- the area of ER deployment, the means and capabilities of attackers to monitor and influence the communication network;

- the nature and routes SR _{i of the} movement of subscribers within the area of SMR;

- technical characteristics of the applied base and subscriber stations.

Detection of an object using monitoring means the decision-making process about the absence or presence of an object in a given area of space as a result of receiving and processing signals. Reception of signals always occurs against the background of interference of one kind or another (the receiver’s own noise monitoring tools, radio noise of outer space, etc.) As a result, errors in decision making are possible. The case when the object really is, and the monitoring tool decided on its presence, is called the correct detection of the object. The case when the object is actually absent, and the monitoring tool has decided on its availability, is called a false alarm (Menshakov Yu.K. Protection of objects and information from reconnaissance equipment. - M.: Russian. State. Humanitarian. Un-t. - 2002, 399 p., Pp. 82-83).

The calculation of the probability of detecting P _{obn of the} ith subscriber station, taking into account the direction (orientation) of the transmitting antenna of the subscriber station, with the main lobe of the radiation pattern at the receiving base station and the position of the side lobes of the antenna radiation pattern (side, back) relative to the means of monitoring intruders, is performed according to the formula (Menshakov Yu.K. Protection of objects and information from reconnaissance equipment. - M .: Russian. State. Humanitarian. University. - 2002, 399 p., P. 82):

where P _obni is the probability of detection (correct detection);

q is the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of an intruder monitoring tool;

- интеграл вероятности;

- probability integral;

P _RT - the probability of false alarm.

The signal-to-noise ratio is the quotient of dividing the signal power at the input of the receiver of the monitoring _device P _Cx by the noise power P _Cx at the same point (Lomovitsky V.V. Fundamentals of building systems and networks for transmitting information / Lomovitsky V.V., Mikhailov A.I. ., Shestak K.V., Schekotikhin V.M. - M .: Hot line - Telecom, 2004. - 382 p., P. 109).

In block 8, the coordinates of the points STP _i of the subscriber’s movement are calculated, in which the probability of detection by monitoring means of intruders will be minimum and maximum, as well as the corresponding azimuths of the orientations of the main lobes of the radiation pattern of the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations to the receiving base stations. Coordinates and azimuths are calculated using well-known topography methods (Bubnov I.A., Bogatov S.F., Dubov S.D., Kalinin A.K., Savchenko P.T. Military topography; edited by A.S. Nikolayev - M .: Military Publishing House, 1977 .-- 280 p., P. 36-54)

In block 9, the calculation is performed index survivability: the coefficient _K and the distributed network subscriber based on the calculated probability values P _obni detecting intruders subscriber stations monitoring means.

Survivability characterizes the stability of a communication network against the action of causes (spontaneous and deliberate) that lie outside the system and lead to destruction or significant damage to a certain part of its elements - nodes, subscriber and base stations, communication lines and channels (Ermishyan A.G. Theoretical foundations of building systems of military communications in associations and formations: a Textbook, Part 1. Methodological foundations for the construction of organizational and technical systems of military communications. St. Petersburg: VAS, 2005. - 740 p., p. 340).

When calculating the survivability of communication networks, due to the complexity of mathematical calculations, the network is decomposed into its component parts and then it is calculated separately for each component of the communication network, including all radio-emitting means (Bogovik V.A., Ignatov V.V. Efficiency of military systems communications and methods for its assessment. - SPb .: VAS, 2006. - 183 p., pp. 57-59, an electronic version of the book is also available at: http://www.twirpx.com/file/1004437/).

Vitality K _zhi i-th subscriber station is determined by the formula (Bogovik VA, V. Ignatov Efficiency military communications systems and methods for its assessment - SPb. .: BAC, 2006. - 183 c, 58-59.. , an electronic version of the book is also available at: http://www.twirpx.com/file/1004437/):

where P _obni is the probability of detection of the i-th subscriber station;

_Рotsi ^{_ the} probability of evaluating the parameters of the subscriber station necessary for its destruction by intruders;

P _poi ^_ probability of the use of weapons by attackers at a subscriber station;

With the development of high-precision weapons and the increasing ability of monitoring tools to detect ground targets in any weather conditions (Isakov EE Technological problems of building transport networks of military communications systems. - SPb: 2004. - 328 p., P. 26-27) we assume that the probabilities P _sc and P in _i tend to unity. Then the expression (3) is converted to the form:

The dependence of the survivability coefficient _{Кi of the} i-th subscriber station on the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver input of an attacker monitoring tool for a given probability of false alarm Р _ЛТ , based on the graph of the dependence of the detection probability on the signal-to-noise ratio at the receiver input of the monitoring detection tool (Menshakov Yu. K. Protection of objects and information from reconnaissance equipment. - M.: Russian State Humanitarian University, 2002, 399 pp., P. 83) and expression (4) is shown in FIG. four.

In block 10, the calculated values of the survivability indices K _{w of the} planned network are compared with the required values of survivability indices K _{w req} .

If the calculated K _f survivability insufficient for functioning planned communication network, you return to block 4, where the reconfiguration of the distributed communication network subscriber based on their requirements imposed thereto.

Reconfiguration of a communication network consists in changing its structure, topology, operating modes (putting redundant channels (lines) and communication equipment into operation, restoring damaged and failed communication means, changing transmission frequencies, reception, transmission power, types of signal processing, channel transmission routes ( paths), azimuths of antennas, anti-interference modes, etc.). (Fundamentals of building systems and networks for transmitting information. Textbook for universities / V.V. Lomovitsky, A.I. Mikhailov, K.V. Shestak, V.M. Shchekotikhin; edited by V.M. Shchekotikhin - M. : Hotline - Telecom, 2005 .-- 382 p., P. 57-58).

In block 11 deploy T transmitting base stations in the planned areas TR _i , i = 1 ... T, connect them to the access nodes of the ESE, and the transmitting antennas of the transmitting base stations are oriented by the main lobe of the radiation pattern in the direction that provides the minimum probability of detection by monitoring means of intruders.

In block 12 deploy R receiving base stations in the planned areas RR _i , i = 1 ... R, connect them to the access nodes of the ESE.

The deployment of transmitting and base stations is understood as the process of bringing the base stations to their intended use in planned areas, laying the necessary power and connecting lines, installing antenna mast devices, aligning antennas in accordance with the planned azimuths, supplying power, and performing other activities provided for by the instructions for operation of the station (Andryushchenko V.A., Pirozhkov P.A. Command-and-staff vehicles: Textbook. - Tambov: Publishing House of the Tambov State Technical University, 2004. - 112 p., pp. 26-31 electronic constant prices version of the book is also available at the following address: http://www.twirpx.com/file/101152/).

By connecting to access nodes with an ESE, we mean the implementation of planned measures for laying connecting lines from base stations to access nodes in accordance with the requirements of standards and technical conditions (V.A. Grigoryev, O. I. Lagutenko, Yu.A. Raspaev. Networks and Radio Access Systems. - M.: Eco-Trends, 2005. - 384 p., p. 330).

In block 13, the first and second communication nodes are connected by the ESE communication channels with each other, with a public communication network and with base stations.

Connection by communication channels of non-adjacent elements of a communication network implies crossing (long-term switching) of transmission paths of telecommunication signals at intermediate nodes of the ESE (Fundamentals of building systems and networks for transmitting information. Textbook for universities / VV Lomovitsky, A.I. Mikhailov, K.V. Shestak, V.M.Schekotikhin; under the editorship of V.M. Shchekotikhin - M .: Hot line - Telecom, 2005. - 382 p., P. 33).

In block 14, a database is formed on a computer storage medium containing information about the location of base stations for the guidance system of receiving antennas of subscriber stations at transmitting base stations, and transmitting antennas of subscriber stations at receiving base stations, on transmission frequencies F _BSi assigned to a particular transmitting base stations for tuning the frequency of subscriber stations receivers on the total for all subscriber stations F _AC transmission frequency of the areas coordinates LQR _i, within which the probability of error reception signals from the base stations is lower than desired.

In block 15, the generated database is transferred to the memory elements of the control devices of the subscriber stations.

In block 16, the subscriber stations are moved along the subscriber traffic routes SR _i , the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations are directed (orientated) by the main lobe of the radiation pattern in the direction of the receiving base stations and providing the minimum probability of detection of the subscriber stations by means of intruder monitoring, the receiving antennas of the subscriber stations are oriented in the direction of the transmitting base stations.

In block 17, the coordinates of the current points P _{j of the} route of each subscriber station are compared with the calculated points STP _i , if the current coordinates of the points of the route of movement do not match, go to block 19.

In block 18, the operation of the transmitter of the subscriber station located at the point STP _{i of} the driving route with the maximum probability of detection by monitoring means of intruders is blocked.

Blocking the operation of the transmitter is a well-known restrictive measure aimed at hiding the radio-emitting means from the means of monitoring intruders and consists in stopping the emission of electromagnetic energy by the transmitter into the transmitting antenna (Menshakov Yu.K. Protection of objects and information from reconnaissance equipment. - M.: Russian. Humanitarian University, 2002 .-- 399 p., p. 301).

In block 19, information is exchanged from subscriber stations in the direction of base stations only at points of the route of movement with a minimum probability of detection of subscriber stations by means of monitoring intruders.

Information exchange refers to the reception and transmission by mobile subscribers of a distributed subscriber network of messages (information) to interacting subscribers in accordance with the radio interface and the list of communication services provided to subscribers (V. A. Grigoryev, O. I. Lagutenko, Yu. A. Raspaev. Networks and Radio Access Systems. - M.: Eco-Trends, 2005. - 384 p., p. 330).

To transmit messages (information) behind the i-th subscriber station of a distributed subscriber network, a time interval (subframe) is allocated in the total transmission frame of all K subscriber stations, when this i-th station can transmit information on one common subscriber station transmission frequency F _AC . The arbiter issuing the token for the right to transmit information from the subscriber station is the first communication node. In case of failure of the first communication node, its functions are performed by the second communication node.

All R receiving base stations, receiving radio signals from base station transmitters at one common frequency F _AC , send messages received from subscriber stations via ESE communication channels towards the first communication node. The first communication node, having received the message from the subscriber station, decides to send the message to the address in the message to the corresponding channel of the ESE. Upon receipt by the first communication node of a message addressed to the subscriber of the distributed subscriber network, the first communication node sends a message via ESE channels to simultaneously T transmitting base stations. Each i-th transmitting base station transmits this message at a frequency F _BSi assigned to this base station. Receivers of subscriber stations, having received a message at one of the receiving frequencies F _BSi , compare the address information contained in the message with its own address. If the destination address contained in the message coincides with the own address of the subscriber station, the message is received, in case of a mismatch, it is discarded. The second communication node is not involved in the information exchange, but is ready to replace the first communication node in the event of a malfunction of the first communication node or while the first node is turned off during network reconfiguration.

In block 20, the current time t is compared with the time t _{to the} end of the service of the subscribers of the distributed subscriber network in a given area SMR, if the current time t is less than the end time of the service of the subscribers t _to , go to block 17.

The communication network shown in figure 2, contains: the first communication node - 1, the second communication node - 2, the access node ESE - 3.1-3.10. In FIG. 2 shows: a line connecting the first communication node with the access point of the ESE - 4.1, a line connecting the second communication node with the access point of the ESE - 4.2, the transmitting base station - 5.1-5.4, the transmitting antenna of the transmitting base station - 6.1-6.4, the connecting line from access points for base stations - 7.1-7.8, receiving base station - 8.1-8.4, monitoring tool for intruders - 9.1-9.5, subscriber station - 10.1-10.2, transmitting antenna of the antenna-feeder path of the subscriber station - 11.1-11.2, receiving antenna of the antenna subscriber station feeder path - 12.1-12.2, antenna antenna Va attackers monitoring - 13.1-13.5, ESE communication channels connecting the first and second communication nodes with each other and with base stations - 14.1-14.10, the main lobe of the transmitting antenna of the subscriber station - 15.1-15.2, the main lobe of the transmitting antenna of the transmitting base stations - 15.3-15.6.

The figure 3 shows: a means of monitoring intruders - 9.1-9.2, a subscriber station - 10.1-10.2, an omnidirectional transceiver antenna of the antenna-feeder path of a subscriber station - 11.1, a transmitting antenna of an antenna-feeder path of a subscriber station - 11.2, an antenna of a means of monitoring an intruder - 13.1- 13.2, the radiation pattern of the undirectional transceiver antenna of the subscriber station - 15.1, the main lobe of the radiation pattern of the transmitting antenna of the subscriber station - 15.2, the back lobe of the radiation pattern of the subscriber station antennas of the subscriber station - 16.1, the main lobe of the radiation pattern of the receiving antenna of the monitoring tool for attackers - 17.1-17.2.

We show by calculation the possibility of achieving the formulated technical result (Fig. 3). As subscriber stations 10.1-10.2, we consider conditional equipment with a radiation power supplied to the antenna equal to 5 W and using in figure 3A (implementation of the prototype method) an absolutely non-directional transceiver antenna 11.1, and in figure 3 B (implementation of the proposed method) transmitting antenna 11.2 type AA-450/7 manufactured by CJSC Modern Wireless Technologies (Directional antennas. Antenna AA-450/7. General technical data. CJSC SBT: info@sbtcom.ru, information is available on the website at : http://www.sbtcom.ru/wp-content/uploads/AA_433_7.pdf). Based on the definition of the term "antenna gain", the gain Ga _{1 of} an absolutely omnidirectional antenna 15.1 is equal to unity. The AA-450/7 antenna has antenna gain: on the main lobe of the 15.2 radiation pattern is 7 dB, and on the back lobe of 16.1 13 dB lower than the main one, i.e. minus 6 dB.

We assume that the monitoring tool 9.1-9.2 for attackers has a receiving antenna 13.1-13.2 of type AA-450/7, directed by the main lobe 17.1-17.2 of the radiation pattern to the subscriber station 10.1-10.2 (Fig. 3).

Assume that radio waves from a subscriber station to an attacker monitoring tool propagate in free space without encountering obstacles in their path. Then the signal power Pc _in (excluding losses) at the input Pc _{in of the} receiver of an instrument for monitoring intruders within its bandwidth can be determined by the formula determined by the first transmission equation (Paly, A.I. Electronic warfare: (Means and methods of suppressing and protecting electronic systems) .- M .: Military Publishing House, 1981. - 320 p.: ill., p. 63):

where λ is the wavelength at which the transmitter of the subscriber station emits, m;

P _outl - power supplied to the transmitting (transmitting) antenna of the subscriber station, W;

G _rad - gain transmitter (transceiver) antenna of a subscriber station in the direction of intruders monitoring means;

G _CR - gain of the receiving antenna of the monitoring tool for attackers in the direction of the subscriber station;

R is the distance between the monitoring tools of attackers and the subscriber station, m;

Due to the fact that the gains of Ga antennas are usually given in decibels, we determine the order of the recalculation into dimensionless units:

At a frequency of 460 MHz, the AA-450/7 antenna has a gain (along the main lobe of the radiation pattern) equal to 7 dB, which, in accordance with formula (6), is:

Ga ₂ = 10 ^0.7 ≈5,

For the back lobe, the gain is:

Ga ₃ = 10 ^-0.6 ≈ 0.25,

The frequency of 460 MHz corresponds to the wavelength

Suppose that the distance R is 29,000 meters (Fig. 3). When implementing the prototype method (Fig. 3A), when the subscriber station radiates towards the intruder monitoring means an omnidirectional transceiver antenna with a corresponding gain G _outl = Ga ₁ = 1, and the receiving antenna of the attacker monitoring means has a gain G _pr = Ca ₂ = 7, from expression (5) we get:

When implementing the proposed method (Fig. 3B), when the subscriber station works in the direction of the attackers' monitoring tools with a directional transmitting antenna, with the corresponding back lobe gain G _out2 = Ga ₃ = 0.25, from expression (5) we get:

Suppose that the noise level at the input of the receiver of an attacker's monitoring tool is 63 · 10 ^-12 W. Then from expression (2) we determine the signal-to-noise ratio at the input of the receiver of the monitoring tool for intruders. When implementing the prototype method (Fig. 3A), the signal-to-noise ratio q ₁ will be:

When implementing the proposed method (Fig. 3B), the signal-to-noise ratio q ₂ will be:

We use the dependence K _W (q) shown in Figure 4 for the case when the probability of false alarm P _LT = 10 ^-6 , and determine the approximate values of K _W graphically (Fig. 4) with q ₂ = 4 and q ₁ = 16 . From the graphical constructions made in figure 4, it is seen that when implementing the prototype method To _{W1 of the} i-th subscriber station is 0.05, and when implementing the proposed method To _{W2 of the} i-th subscriber station is 0.5.

We calculate the gain to increase survivability N _x K i-th subscriber station when using the proposed method for the construction of networks as a magnification factor _K and survivability of the formula:

Thus, the claimed method of ensuring the survivability of a distributed subscriber communication network allows you to expand the capabilities of the prototype method, and also increases the survivability of the generated distributed subscriber communication network by reducing the likelihood of detection of subscriber radio-emitting communication means, which allows the task of the claimed method to be considered solved.

Although the present invention has been described in detail here using the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention cannot be limited to the embodiment described herein. The present invention can be implemented in modified or modified form without going beyond the essence and scope of the present invention defined by the claims.

Accordingly, the entire description of the present invention is illustrative and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

Claims (2)

1. A way to ensure the survivability of a distributed subscriber communication network, namely, that they plan to deploy and operate a communication system, form the structure and topology of a communication system integrated with the ESE, deploy the first and second communication nodes, ESE access nodes, communication lines connecting the first and the second communication nodes with the ESE access nodes, characterized in that they specify the initial data: the area of movement of mobile subscribers, the number of mobile subscribers, the routes of movement of mobile subscribers, the needs of subscribers in the near future information exchange, number and location areas of ESE access nodes closest to the area of movement of mobile subscribers, technical characteristics of the used base and subscriber stations, frequency resource allocated for the operation of subscriber and base stations, location area, means and capabilities of attackers to monitor and influence the communication network , requirements for survivability of a distributed subscriber communication network, the time by which it is planned to complete customer service in a given area, is shared on the transmit the receiving and receiving parts of the antenna-feeder path of the subscriber stations, equip the subscriber stations with guidance systems of the transmitting and receiving antennas, divide the base stations according to the functions performed into the transmitting and receiving, assign the transmission frequencies of the transmitting base stations, assign the total transmission frequency of the subscriber stations, calculate the electromagnetic voltage levels fields of transmitting base stations within a given area of movement of mobile subscribers and the reliability values corresponding to these levels and information from transmitting base stations, calculate the coordinates of the points of the movement routes of mobile subscribers with reduced reliability of receiving information from the base stations, calculate the probability of detection of subscriber stations of the planned distributed subscriber network by means of monitoring intruders, calculate the coordinates of the points of the routes of movement of subscribers in which the probability of detection of subscriber stations by monitoring of malefactors will be minimum and maximum, azimuths about the orientation of the main lobes of the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations to the receiving base stations, at which the minimum probability of detection of the subscriber stations by means of monitoring an attacker is ensured, the survivability indices of the planned distributed subscriber network are calculated, the values of the calculated survivability indices of the planned network are compared with the requirements, if the survivability requirements exceed the calculated indices survivability changes the structure and topology of the planned distributed the subscriber network, deploy the transmitting base stations, connect them to the ESE access nodes, and send the transmitting antennas of the transmitting base stations with the main beam of the radiation pattern in the direction that provides the minimum probability of detection of subscriber stations by means of monitoring intruders, deploy the receiving base stations, connect them to the ESE access nodes , connect the first and second communication nodes with each other through the ESE communication channels, connect the first and second communication nodes with the communication network with the ESE communication channels For general use, they connect the first and second communication nodes with base stations via ESE communication channels, form a database on the coordinates of the base station locations on a computer storage medium, record the transmission frequencies assigned to the transmitting base stations in the database, and record the total transmission frequency in the database assigned to subscriber stations, the coordinates of the areas within the boundaries of which the reliability of receiving information from transmitting base stations will be lower than required are recorded in the database, recorded in the database the coordinates of the points of subscriber’s movement routes, in which the probability of detecting subscriber stations by means of monitoring malicious users will be minimum and maximum, as well as the corresponding azimuths of the orientation of the transmitting antennas of the subscriber stations to the receiving base stations, transfer the generated database to the memory elements of the control devices of the subscriber stations, stations along the subscriber’s traffic routes, and they transmit transmitting antennas of subscriber stations with the main lobe of directional patterns in the direction of receiving base stations and ensuring the minimum probability of detecting subscriber stations by monitoring means, send receiving antennas of subscriber stations in the direction of transmitting base stations, carry out information exchange from subscriber stations to base stations only at points of the route of travel with a minimum probability of detecting subscriber stations by means detection of intruders, block the work of transmitters of subscriber stations at route points This movement with the maximum probability of detection by monitoring means of intruders. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when planning the deployment and operation of the communication system, they additionally plan a distributed subscriber communication network.

Images