RU2663387C1 - Contact device for measuring configuration and size of dimensional body, measurement system of configuration and size of dimensional body, method of measuring configuration and size of dimensional body - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measuring equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the calculation of the parameters of the measured surface. Contact device for measuring the configuration and size of a dimensional body measures the distance between the optoelectronic sensors in the installed measuring unit and the surface of the elastic cover on which marking is applied. Received information is processed. Virtual model is constructed that follows the configuration, size and shape of the surface.

EFFECT: increase in the accuracy of measurements of the surface of the object under examination is provided.

16 cl, 15 dwg, 3 ex

Description

A contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body, a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body, a method for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body using the inventive contact device

Three independent technical solutions are declared, inextricably linked and designed to solve a single common problem:

- a contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body,

- a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body, which is used in the contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body,

- a method of measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body, which uses a contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body.

The proposed technical solutions are intended primarily for calculating the parameters of the measured surface when creating high-precision orthoses, as well as for the manufacture or selection of personalized clothes, shoes, hats, glasses, insoles, surfaces of chairs, beds, etc., in the interest of ensuring high comfort in contact with the human body.

The indissolubility of these independent technical solutions in the framework of achieving a common goal is that the first technical solution is a solution, to a greater extent, of a mechanical system for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a volumetric body, and this system creates optimal conditions for high-precision measurement of the surface of an object, as well as serves to accommodate the optoelectronic elements of the second technical solution, namely, for the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body, which in its turn the series provides measurement of the volume, configuration and shape of the volumetric body, over which technical manipulations have been performed with a device that implements the first claimed technical solution; the presented third technical solution describes a method for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a three-dimensional body, which is realized at the electronic-computing level by the second technical solution, and at the mechanical level - the first technical solution. Thus, it is the totality of the considered three technical solutions that ensures the achievement of the purpose of the invention.

The first claimed technical solution - a contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a volumetric body, solves the problem of creating a structure with which it is convenient to perform high-precision measurements and based on them to create reconstruction of a 3-dimensional (volumetric) surface of the body or its individual parts, or select from ready-made products most suitable for the individual product.

The creation of a digital image of the whole body or any of its individual parts is carried out by shooting the outline of its surface and computer simulation performed according to the results of this survey.

The prior art devices are known by which measurements are made and computer models are created.

From the description of the certificate (19) RU, (11) 40849, (13) U1, (51) IPC ⁷ А41Н 1/02, we know the technical solution "SYSTEM FOR PRODUCTION OF GOODS OF PEOPLE'S CONSUMPTION", (21), (22) 2004119256 / June 22, 29, 2004, which is a specially equipped points in which each person can, if desired, create a digital image of the surface of his own body or part of his body and record the image on a plastic card. This system has a device for generating flat two-dimensional images of the surface of the human body and / or its individual parts in a digital code associated with the first computer, which is programmed to generate data characterizing the dimensions of the human body and / or its individual parts in the form of a three-dimensional digital surface model the human body and / or its individual parts, the remote computer is equipped with a means of forming a matrix matching the size of the human body and / or its parts with the sizes of the models of goods.

The disadvantage of this system is the low accuracy caused by the following reasons: a sensor is used that implements the calculation of the depth (distance) to the object with limited and relatively low accuracy. The proposed method provides a measurement of the surface of clothes, but not the human body; the question of combining data from multiple positions due to the presence of errors and unknown mutual positions of sensor locations (or unknown positions of one sensor) is very complicated.

From the description of the patent for the invention (19) RU (11) 2391042 (13) C2 (51) IPC АВВ 5/00 (2006.01), (54) “METHOD FOR STUDYING THE STATUS OF FOOT DEPARTMENTS AND A DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION”, a device is known that allows to obtain prints of the surface of the foot. The invention relates to the field of medicine and medical technology, in particular to orthopedic diagnostics, and can be used as an objective method for the diagnosis of various deformations of the foot, in particular flat feet, damage to the "diabetic foot" when examining patients in military enlistment offices, medical and educational institutions. Imprints of three projections of the foot are obtained using a device for examining the state of the departments of the foot, containing a fortified horizontally located flatbed scanner capable of supporting the weight of a person. Additionally, the device includes a vertical scanner flatbed scanner and a light-insulating casing.

The disadvantage of this device is that this device is intended for fixing only projections of the foot, and not a three-dimensional image, while the scanning process is slow, and the device has low reliability.

A device is known that makes it possible to obtain surface prints of segments of a volumetric body for selecting a mattress (see the description of patent CN 106061382 (A) - 2016-10-26). This device comprises: a base, a platform attached to the base in such a way that it is supported at a slight inclination, offset from the vertical; There is an interface for transmitting signals, between a person leaning on a platform and a platform, to create a model for choosing a mattress or design. The device can measure the shape of an object lying down, or measure the distribution of pressure between a person and a platform. Body shape characteristics can be measured using a body imprint and evaluated by stereoscopic photographing of dents marked or projected onto a sheet of material.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low accuracy of the obtained body model, due to the following reasons: the lack of a well-developed technical solution that provides stereoscopic images devoid of distortions of the optical system and spatial geometric distortions; the lack of the possibility of obtaining a body model from all sides; using secondary data (the shape of a pressed mattress), instead of primary data (direct measurement of the surface of the human body).

In the description of the patent for utility model (19) RU, (11) 149647, (13) U1 (51), IPC А41Н 1/00 (2006.01), (54) “ELASTIC STANDARD FOR CONTACTLESS MEASURING” the signs - “elastic the base, and inextensible graphic elements of a certain shape and size, mounted on the surface of an elastic base, having dimensional stability and inextensibility in all directions and serving as a dimensional standard ”, the signs used in the inventive contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body are used.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that each person needs his own jumpsuit - a standard, which creates discomfort when putting on and taking off the jumpsuit, increases the measurement time, moreover, the costume fits the object along the bulges, and does not fit into the concave parts of the body, which does not provide very high measurement accuracy.

The technical result from the use of the inventive contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body (hereinafter referred to as the device) is to increase the accuracy of the measurement of the surface of the investigated object, in comparison with analogues, due to the fact that in this device the measurement system measures 3-dimensional the surfaces of the sealed and elastic shell (hereinafter referred to as the shell) in the area pressed to the entire investigated surface of the body, where markings are applied on the surface of the shells in the form of either etnyh lines or colored areas of the surface, or markers, or points.

For measurement, a device is used made of either one or several modules interconnected, which can have interconnections, for example, movable articulated and / or locks.

Each of the modules consists of a sealed enclosure with rigid walls, on the inside of which a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body is fixed (hereinafter referred to as the unit of measurement). One or more elastic shells are hermetically attached to these walls, which are inflated before the start of measurements to the required volume, and deflated after the end of the measurements. On the inner surfaces of the shells in the area of supposed contact with the surface of the measured body, markings are applied in the form of either colored lines or colored sections of the surface, or markers, or points.

The number of modules and the shape of the shells are selected depending on the size and complexity of the configuration of the measured surface.

If the device is intended for measurements of small surfaces of the same type, then most often the shape of the elastic shell repeats the shape of the object under study.

If the device is designed to measure large and / or heterogeneous surfaces, the module may have several elastic shells of the same shape and size.

If the case is made collapsible, or folding, then such a device in a disassembled or folded state is flattened and takes up little space.

The implementation of the technical solution of the claimed device will improve the measurement accuracy of three-dimensional curved complex surfaces for various individual high-precision various high-precision products - helmets, glasses, wigs, shoes, clothes, orthoses.

Description of the first technical solution - a contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body

The contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body is made of one or more modules connected to one or more compressors. The modules include a measuring unit, a tight elastic shell with markings applied on it, hermetically connected to one or more walls. Modules can have hinged and / or lock joints.

The device has two states: initial and state in measurement mode.

In the initial state, the shell does not adhere to the measured surface, the shell / shells are not swollen, the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body is turned off.

In the measurement mode, the shell is inflated, superimposed on the test surface in the contact zones and repeats the configuration of this surface. In this case, the marking is applied to the shell in the contact zones from the installation side of the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body, which is turned on in this mode.

The contacting part of the shell can either repeat or not repeat the measured surface in shape and size. In the first case, the configuration and surface dimensions of the shells are close to the configuration and dimensions of the measured volumetric body, in the second case, the module / modules shells are not repeating the shape of the measured object, and mainly, they are made identical.

The shell of the device is made of elastic fabric, which can be coated, for example, with silicone, rubber or latex.

The markup can be made in the form of either colored lines, or colored sections of the surface, or markers, or points.

As the material for the housing, plastic may be selected.

Description of drawings:

In FIG. 1 - FIG. 8 shows examples of the implementation of the device used for various purposes, where

100 - measurement object;

101 - module;

102 - case;

103 - wall;

104 - a system for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a three-dimensional body;

105 - shell;

106 - marking;

107 - inlet - air outlet (connection to the compressor);

108 - helmet;

109 - the inner surface of the helmet;

110 - movable connection of modules.

FIG. 1 is an example of a device for measuring the surface of a human head, where the device consists of one module 101 made of a sealed enclosure 102 having rigid walls 103, where a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a volumetric body 104, consisting of one elastic shell 105, is fixed on their inner sides hermetically connected to the body 102, with a marking 106 in the form of markers on the side of the shell, not adjacent to the surface of the head, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 2 is an example of a device for measuring the surface of a person’s head, where the device consists of one module 101 made of a sealed enclosure 102 having rigid walls 103, where a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a three-dimensional body 104 consisting of three elastic shells 105 is fixed on their inner sides hermetically connected to the body 102, with the marking 106 in the form of lines and dots on the side of the shell not adjacent to the surface of the head, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 3 is an example of a device for measuring the surface of a person’s head, where the device consists of two modules 101, fastened together using a movable software connection, made in the form of sealed enclosures 102 having rigid walls 103, where a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the surround body 104, consisting of two elastic shells 105, hermetically connected to the body 102, with a marking 106 in the form of shell markers not adjacent to the surface of the head, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 4 is an example of a device for measuring the space inside the helmet 108, where the device consists of one module 101 having a rigid wall 103, where a unit for measuring configuration and dimensions 104 is fixed on its inner side, one elastic shell 105 is hermetically connected to the housing 102, with a marking 106 in the form of markers on the side of the shell, not adjacent to the inner surface of the helmet 109, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 5 is an example of a device for measuring a part of the face around the eyes of a person, where the device consists of one module 101 made of a sealed enclosure 102 having rigid walls 103, where a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body 104, consisting of one elastic shell 105, hermetically connected to the housing 102, with a marking 106 in the form of markers on the side of the shell, not adjacent to the surface of the face, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 6 is an example of a device for measuring a person’s leg (lower leg and foot), where the device consists of two modules 101, fastened together by means of a movable joint 110, made of two sealed enclosures 102 having rigid walls 103, where a measurement unit is fixed on their sides configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body 104, consisting of two elastic shells 105, hermetically connected to the body 102, with a marking 106 in the form of lines and dots on the sides of the shells not adjacent to the surface of the legs, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 7 is an example of a device for measuring the elbow joint of a human hand, where the device consists of one module 101 made of a sealed enclosure 102 having rigid walls 103, where a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a volumetric body 104 consisting of one elastic shell is fixed on their inner sides 105, hermetically connected to the body 102, with a marking 106 in the form of markers on the side of the shell, not adjacent to the surface of the elbow joint, 107 - connection of the compressor.

FIG. 8 is an example of a device for measuring the surface of a chair for a person, where the device consists of one module 101 made of a sealed enclosure 102 having rigid walls 103, where a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body 104, consisting of six elastic shells, is fixed on their inner sides 105, hermetically connected to the body 102, with a marking 106 in the form of markers on the sides of the shells not adjacent to the surface of the human body, 107 - connection of the compressor.

The figures show a limited number of embodiments of the product. In reality, there can be many, depending on the purpose of the application.

The dimensions of the device are selected depending on the size of the measured objects. Materials for the case - mainly plastic, the shell - elastic fabrics, for sealing coated with silicone, rubber or latex. The pressure inside the shells varies in the range - 0.5 ÷ 0.2 Atm., Which belongs to the category of low vacuum and low pressure, which is safe for humans.

Purchased products used in the device: an oil-free compressor with a capacity of 1.1 kW and a capacity of 180 liters / min; 6 liter receiver, Max pressure 8 bar; the vacuum is created with the Camozzi Max ejector; the vacuum value for stretching the shell is not more than -0.08 bar; Max pressure in the device for compressing the shell is 0.05 bar (experimentally established).

The second independent technical solution used in the first is the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body

This unit is a special case of the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body, which operates as part of a contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body.

By means of it, the dimensions and surface shape are measured and the information received is transmitted as a result of information processing.

The prior art device for measuring the geometry of the profile of spherically bent, in particular cylindrical bodies, (see the description of the invention of the patent (19) RU, (11) 2523092, (13) C2, (51) IPC G01B 11/25 (2006.01) , (54) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE GEOMETRY OF THE PROFILE OF SPHERICALLY BENT, IN PARTICULAR, CYLINDRICAL BODIES), where laser beams are used as a means of measurement. To enhance the reflection of laser beams into the camera and from the critical edge regions of the measured object, a two-dimensional light section, in which, using at least one laser, a fan-shaped laser line is projected as a light section line onto the body surface and the rays reflected from the body surface are perceived, at least one camera for shooting surfaces, and the laser and the camera are located at an angle of triangulation in a normal plane along the axis of the cylinder. According to the method for measuring the geometry of the profile, the laser rotates around the axis of the cylinder from the normal plane, and the angle to the normal plane is chosen so that the optical axis of the camera for surveying surfaces directed to the surface of the cylinder is in the region of the sliding angles of the reflected rays.

The disadvantage of this device is: the inability to simultaneously obtain images of the object from all sides and, as a consequence, the inability to calculate the parameters of the surface shape of the object in case the object can involuntarily move relative to the laser or video camera, which will lead to the inability to use the device to measure the surface shape of parts of the human body . Another disadvantage is that the use of an active system from a laser and a video camera requires the rotation of the object to obtain images from all sides, which can additionally introduce errors in the obtained initial data, and as a result, the result of calculating the shape of the object.

Known US patent 9418475, 08/16/2016, which presents a method and system of three-dimensional modeling of the human body based on the analysis of its movements, gestures and gestures. The method and principle of the system’s functioning specified in the patent are based on the use of a video sensor to obtain distances to objects (depths) and to obtain many projections of a person’s body in so-called key predetermined poses against the background of a well-known structured background with subsequent integration of the obtained data and construction based on the analysis of the body shape person.

The key disadvantage of the proposed solution is the low accuracy of obtaining the real shape of the human body, which is caused by the following reasons: - a sensor is used that implements the calculation of the depth (distance) to the object with limited and relatively low accuracy, the proposed method will measure the surface of clothes, but not the human body; the question of combining data from multiple positions is not very trivial and difficult due to the presence of errors and unknown relative positions of sensor locations (or unknown positions of one sensor, but in different positions).

A known system for measuring the three-dimensional shape of objects inside the body (US Pat. US 9134420, September 15, 2015). The disadvantage of the system is the use of the ultrasonic principle of obtaining information about the distance (depth) of the points of the analyzed object and low accuracy due to the high error of the ultrasonic method used in the patent and based on the analysis of the sagittal planes.

The known method and device for three-dimensional analysis and tracking of body parts presented in US patent 8121368, 02.21.2012. The main disadvantage is the use of tomographs (computer and magnetic resonance) for imaging, which is an extremely expensive, technically complex and redundant solution, and also has a narrow range of applicability.

A number of solutions are also known, reflected in, in particular, in US patent No. 7794388 09/14/2010, aimed at building a three-dimensional shape of internal organs based on various methods. However, despite the fact that these solutions can be applied to solve the problem of calculating three-dimensional parameters of the external surface of the body, people have a number of disadvantages that do not allow the use of these solutions. In particular, the solutions presented in the indicated patent sources will not provide sufficient accuracy for calculating the three-dimensional surface of a person, do not provide the required speed and require fundamental changes, which ultimately does not allow them to be applied to solve the problem of three-dimensional restoration of the shape of the analyzed part of the human surface.

A known method and device for the reconstruction of the three-dimensional surface of the body (US Pat. US 7742557, 07/22/2010). The proposed solution is based on the use of two optoelectronic sensors and data obtained by a fluoroscopic device or other device based on the use of a fluoroscopic image.

The disadvantage of this technical solution and method is the technical complexity of implementing the proposed solution, which requires the use of several optical-electronic sensors of the optical range and x-ray range sensors, which requires solving the complex technical problem of combining information from different optical ranges and their subsequent comparison. In addition, the solution proposed in the aforementioned patent is focused on the analysis and calculation of the three-dimensional surface of the patient’s body, which determines their relatively stationary position, which also has a practical limitation.

The invention is known (US Pat. US 7708691, 05/04/2010), in which a method and device for three-dimensional body reconstruction without the use of contact elements or mechanical contact on the analyzed part of the body. The main disadvantage of this solution is the use of ultrasonic sensors to assess the surface shape of the analyzed object, which leads to a relatively low accuracy of three-dimensional reconstruction due to the difficulty of comparing, identifying and correcting image distortions from each of the optoelectronic sensors. In addition, the proposed device is structurally complex, namely, it has a number of elements that require their correct positioning and further processing of data from all sensors, which for the above reasons leads to complexity and high errors.

A device and method for scanning a three-dimensional shape of a human body (US Pat. US 6,345,195) are based on the use of radiation in the range 400 ... 2000 nm and the subsequent analysis of images obtained in this range. The disadvantage of this solution is the low accuracy of the obtained data of the specified optical and thermal ranges, as well as the lack of solutions for comparing images when they are received from several positions of the sensors, which leads to extremely low accuracy of the obtained three-dimensional data.

A device for modeling and calculating the three-dimensional shape of the human body based on the use of a series of two-dimensional images (US Pat. US 9058663, 2015). The disadvantage of the proposed solution is that in the framework of this invention provides a measurement of the shape of people in the presence of several people in the frame, this leads to low accuracy due to overlapping people with each other. Also, even if only one person is located in the frame, the developed method and device, due to their basis on the use of two-dimensional uncalibrated images, will not allow the calculation of the three-dimensional shape of objects with high accuracy, only an approximate estimate will be possible, which is not enough to solve the high-precision problem measuring the surface shape of a person.

The invention is known (US Pat. US 9235928, 01/16/2016) which presents approaches to reconstructing a three-dimensional human shape based on an analysis of a series of two-dimensional and three-dimensional human pictures in predetermined poses. The main disadvantages of the proposed invention is that despite the fact that three-dimensional pictures are used for each of the human poses, this is what causes the low accuracy of calculating the full (from all sides) form of a part of a person - head, limb, surface fragment due to technical and algorithmic complexity comparing the three-dimensional coordinates of the points of the obtained point clouds from each of their positions, which leads to high errors and low accuracy.

The technical result from the use of the inventive measurement unit is to increase the accuracy of measuring the surface shape of the analyzed object through the implementation of binocular vision based on several pairs of stereo images of the analyzed surface and the presence in the system design of a computing module that contains a controller of optoelectronic sensors, a module for finding characteristic points, a module calculation of three-dimensional coordinates, a module for matching characteristic points, a module for constructing a point cloud, operational e storage device (RAM), non-volatile information storage device (hereinafter referred to as information storage device), control controller, input-output module, system bus, four optoelectronic sensors, four-mirror system, where the first, second, third, fourth mirrors placed perpendicular to the plane containing the main optical axes of the first, second and third OED so that the first and second mirrors are perpendicular to each other, and are located respectively between the first and second OED and between the second OED and third OED.

The computational module provides: detection and comparison of characteristic points on the surface of the analyzed object, selection of points for solving the problem of calculating their three-dimensional coordinates based on the binocular principle of technical vision, calculation of three-dimensional coordinates of each point on the surface of the analyzed object and the construction of an approximating surface that describes the surface shape of the analyzed object.

The system of mirrors is designed to ensure the observation of any part of the surface of the analyzed object from at least two observation positions to ensure the implementation of three-dimensional technical vision based on the binocular principle of the implementation of the calculation of three-dimensional coordinates of surface points. Description of the second technical solution

Graphic materials illustrating the second claimed technical solution are shown in FIG. 9 - FIG. 12, where FIG. 9 is a functional block diagram of the measurement unit; FIG. 10 is a depiction of the relative position of the optoelectronic sensors and mirrors inside the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the object under study; FIG. 11 shows a schematic arrangement of a measured object with respect to optoelectronic sensors, and FIG. 12 is a diagram of the passage of rays from a point on the surface of an object when forming a stereopair of an image in various ways using mirrors and direct beam paths from a point to optoelectronic sensors.

Measurement unit The unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body (hereinafter referred to as the block) consists of: the first 401, second 402, third 403, fourth 404, fifth 405 and sixth 406 flat mirrors, first 201, second 202, third 203 and fourth 204 optoelectronic sensors, computing module 500.

The computing module 500 includes a controller of optoelectronic sensors 501, a module for locating characteristic points 502, a module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates 503, a module for matching characteristic points 504, a module for constructing a cloud of points 505, random access memory (RAM) 506, an information storage device 508, a control controller 507 , I / O module 509, system bus 300. Moreover, the input-output of the first optoelectronic sensor (OED) is connected to the first input-output of the controller OED 201, the input-output of the second OED 202 is connected to the second input-output controller OED 501, the input-output of the third OED 203 is connected to the third input-output of the controller OED 501, the input-output of the fourth OED 204 is connected to the fourth input-output of the controller OED 501.

The first, second, third and fourth inputs and outputs of the controller of optoelectronic sensors 501 are, respectively, the first, second, third and fourth input-output of the computing module.

The fifth input-output of the controller OED 501 is connected to the first input-output of the system bus 300.

The second input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input-output of the module for finding characteristic points 502.

The third input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input-output of the module for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of points 504.

A fourth input / output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input / output of the feature point mapping module 504.

The fifth input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input-output of the point cloud building module 505.

The sixth input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input-output of the RAM 506.

The seventh input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input-output of the control controller 507.

The eighth input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the input-output of a non-volatile information storage device 508.

The ninth input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the first input-output of the input-output module 509, the second input-output of the input-output module 509 is the input-output of the computing module 500 and is designed to exchange data and commands with external devices.

The first 201, second 202, third 203 and fourth 204 OED are placed relative to each other as follows: the main optical axes [https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse455/09wi/Lects/lect16.pdf] of the first 201, the second 202 and third 203 OEDs are located in one plane, and the fourth OED 204 is located so that its main optical axis is perpendicular to the plane in which the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED are located.

In turn, the first 201 and third 203 OED are oriented opposite each other and placed at a distance L. Their main optical axes coincide. The second OED 202 is located so that its main optical axis is perpendicular to the optical axes of the first 201 and third 203 OED and intersects the main optical axis of the first 201 and third 203 OED at an equal distance from the first 201 and second 203 OED.

The second OED 202 is located at a predetermined distance from the first 201 and the third 203 OED (thus, the first, second and third OED are located at the vertices of an equilateral right triangle).

The first 201 and third 203 OED are located at the intersection of the legs and hypotenuse, and the second OED 202 is located at the intersection of the two legs.

The fourth OED 204 is located so that its main optical axis passes through the intersection of the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED. The fourth OED 204 is located at a height H relative to the plane of the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED.

The first 401, second 402, third 403, fourth 404 mirrors are placed perpendicular to the plane containing the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third OED 203 so that the first 401 and second 402 mirrors are perpendicular to each other, and are located, respectively, between the first 201 and the second 202 OED and between the second 202 OED and the third 203 OED.

The ninth input-output of the system bus 300 is connected to the first input-output of the input-output module 509, the second input-output of the input-output module 509 is the input-output of the computing module 500 and is designed to exchange data and commands with external devices.

The first 201, second 202, third 203 and fourth 204 OED are placed relative to each other as follows - the main optical axes [https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse455/09wi/Lects/lect16.pdf] of the first 201, the second 202 and third 203 OED are located in the same plane, and the fourth OED 204 is located so that its main optical axis is perpendicular to the plane in which the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED are located.

In turn, the first 201 and third 203 OED are oriented opposite each other and placed at a distance L. Their main optical axes coincide. The second OED 202 is located so that its main optical axis is perpendicular to the optical axes of the first 201 and third 203 OED and intersects the main optical axis of the first 201 and third 203 OED at an equal distance from the first 201 and second 203 OED.

The second OED 202 is located at a predetermined distance from the first 201 and the third 203 OED (thus, the first, second and third OED are located at the vertices of an equilateral right triangle).

The first and third OED are located at the intersection points of the legs and hypotenuse, and the second OED 202 is located at the intersection of two legs.

The fourth OED 204 is located so that its main optical axis passes through the intersection of the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED, while the fourth OED 204 is located at a height H relative to the plane of the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED.

The first 401, second 402, third 403, fourth 404 mirrors are placed perpendicular to the plane containing the main optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third OED 203 so that the first 401 and second 402 mirrors are perpendicular to each other, and are located, respectively, between the first 201 and the second 202 OED and between the second 202 OED and the third 203 OED.

In turn, the fourth mirror 404 is perpendicular to the second mirror 402, while the second mirror 402 and the fourth mirror 404 are located on different sides relative to the third OED 203.

The third mirror 403 is perpendicular to the first mirror 401, while the third mirror 403 and the first mirror 401 are located on different sides relative to the first OED 201.

The fifth mirror 405 is placed in a plane oriented at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane in which the optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED are located, and is located between the third 203 and fourth 204 OED.

The sixth mirror 406 is placed in a plane oriented at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane in which the optical axes of the first 201, second 202 and third 203 OED are located and located between the first 201 and fourth 204 OED.

Consider the operation of the unit on the example of measuring the shape and configuration of the surface of the human head.

A person whose head is measured by the claimed measurement unit, places his head approximately in the center of the proposed device at approximately equal distance from all four - the first 201, second 202, third 203 and fourth 204 OED. A shell repeating the shape of the head is pressed against the surface of the head with a slight excess pressure, with a special pattern of graphic structured images in the form of dots applied to the shell.

The principle of operation of the unit is:

- in the formation of several stereopairs of images of the object from all sides of the observation (stereopair - two image frames from two different optoelectronic sensors, providing ultimately three-dimensional perception of the workspace from different positions);

- at the same time receiving stereo pairs of images through the use of pairs of optoelectronic sensors and mirrors,

- in the calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the surface of the head based on the use of stereo pairs of images,

- in the formation of a point cloud obtained on the basis of analysis and selection of the set of previously calculated three-dimensional coordinates of points on the measured surface.

Consider the operation of the unit in more detail.

Before the unit starts to work, it must be calibrated, namely, the mutual spatial positions of each of the first 201, second 202, third 203 and fourth 204 optoelectronic sensors are given to the positions indicated above, and the internal parameters of each of the listed optoelectronic sensors are calculated, which will provide further correct calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates of the points and the solution of the target problem of calculating the three-dimensional shape of the head surface. Calibration should be performed, for example, according to the procedure presented in [The calibration method for stereoscopic vision system [text] / M. Truphanov, V. Titov, S. Degtiarev // Machine graphics and vision. Vol.17, No. 4, 2008. - PP. 373-387.]

The process of forming several stereopairs of images that provide observation of the human head from all sides is as follows.

Stereopairs are formed as a result of the image of the same points on the surface of the shell that surrounds the head during image transmission (by image in this paragraph we mean a continuous stream of optical radiation from each point on the surface of the head). Further, throughout this text, an image is an array of digital data containing the distribution of the digital values of the color components [Computer vision. 1 st Edition. Linda Shapiro, George Stockman, 200]) either directly from the measured surface to two optoelectronic sensors or when reflecting the image of a part of the measured surface of the shell from one of these mirrors 401-406 and then arriving at one or two of these optoelectronic sensors . Thus, we distinguish between the following conditionally numbered stereo pairs and the following modules of the device in question, which actually provide each stereo pair (see Fig. 10):

- direct images of a fragment of the measured surface, coming directly to the first 201 and second 202 OED (hereinafter referred to as “stereo pair No. 1”);

- direct images of a fragment of the measured surface, coming directly to the third 203 and second 202 OED (hereinafter referred to as "stereo pair No. 2");

- a direct image arriving at the first OED 201 and an image passing through the first mirror 401 and received at the third OED 203 (let's call “stereo pair No. 3”);

- a direct image arriving at the third OED 203, and the image passed through the second mirror 402 and received at the first OED 201 (hereinafter referred to as "stereo pair No. 4");

- a direct image received on the first OED 201 and the image passed through the third mirror 403 and received on the second OED 202 (hereinafter referred to as "stereo pair No. 5");

- a direct image received on the third OED 203 and the image passed through the fourth mirror 403 and received on the second OED 202 (hereinafter referred to as "stereo pair No. 6");

- a direct image received on the quarter (upper) OED 204 and the image passed through the fifth mirror 405 and received on the first OED 201 (hereinafter referred to as "stereo pair No. 7");

- a direct image received on the fourth (upper) OED 204 and the image passed through the sixth mirror 406 and received on the third OED 203 (hereinafter referred to as "stereo pair No. 8").

Thus, the stereopairs 1-8 listed above provide for obtaining any portion of the measured surface from at least two different positions, which further ensures, according to the principle of the device’s functioning, the calculation of three-dimensional coordinates of points in any part of the measured surface. In the case of measuring the surface parameters of the extremities (feet, legs, legs, arms), the upper optoelectronic sensor 204 is not required.

Consider the process of functioning of the device further. The image of the various parts of the measured surface is formed by the first OED 201, the second OED 202, the third OED 203 and the fourth OED 204. From the inputs of the outputs of the first 201, second 202, third 203, fourth 204 OED images are received respectively at the first, second, third and fourth inputs - the outputs of the controller of optoelectronic sensors 501, which sequentially writes pixel by pixel a frame from each of the listed optoelectronic sensors through its fifth input-output, through the first input-output of the system bus 300, through the sixth input-output of the system I have 300 buses, through the input-output of RAM 506 to RAM 506. Each of the received frames is stored in RAM 506 with a reference to the time it was received in its memory area.

The control controller 507 sends a command through its input-output to the seventh input-output of the system bus 300 through the second input-output of the system bus 300 through the input-output of the characteristic points finding module 502 to the characteristic points finding module 502. The characteristic points finding module 502 analyzes images sequentially [Lindeberg, T. Feature Detection with Automatic Scale Selection // International Journal of Computer Vision, v. 30 n. 2, Nov. 1998, P. 79-116], recorded in RAM 506 as follows:

- Finds characteristic points on each frame of the image (here, under the characteristic points are points that are previously specially applied to the elastic shell),

- calculates the two-dimensional coordinates of each characteristic point, while additionally marking in the memory of RAM 506, the point is observed directly (i.e., the optoelectronic sensor directly receives an image of this point from the surface of the elastic shell) or the point is reflected through one of these mirrors, which subsequently enables the module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates 503 to correctly calculate the three-dimensional coordinates of this point.

Thus, as a result, in RAM 506, one-time images of parts of the head surface are observed, observed through the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth mirrors 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 and directly - by the first 201, second 202, the third 203, the fourth 204 OED and detected characteristic points with reference to the source of the image of each point.

The calculation of the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the measured surface based on the use of stereopairs of images is further carried out by the module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates 503.

For this, the data obtained at the previous stages of processing by the module for comparing characteristic points 504 is processed, and then the three-dimensional coordinates of each point are calculated by the module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates 503. The characteristic points comparison module 504 reads the coordinates and the attribute of belonging to a particular stereo pair of the current analyzed area of the working scene (the area of the measured surface) from RAM 506: the control controller 507 from its input-output through the seventh input-output of the system bus 300, then through its fourth input-output gives the command about the need to find the correspondence of the points matching module 504 stored in the RAM 506 with the characteristic points matching module 504. The characteristic points matching module 504 through its input-output, fourth input-output systems bus 300, the sixth input-output of the system bus 300 and the input-output of the RAM 506 sequentially reads the coordinates of each previously found characteristic points and the sign of belonging of this point to one of the above stereo pairs. Next, the characteristic points comparison module, in the same just described way, reads the coordinates of the points from RAM 506 that belong to the adjacent image, and among which the same current analyzed point can potentially be found, but on the adjacent image (we explain the concept of “adjacent image”, which is applied hereinafter in the framework of the present description: let there be two frames of images from different OED that form one of the stereopairs listed above, then the adjacent image is the image that within the framework of this stereo pair complements another image of the same stereo pair and contains the image of the real part of the measured surface from a different position within the same stereo pair). Thus, at this stage, the point matching module 504 seeks to match a single current characteristic point among a plurality of characteristic points on an adjacent image frame of this stereo pair. As a result of this comparison, if the search for an adjacent point is successful, either a stereo pair of two-dimensional coordinates of the same point is formed, which is then written to RAM 506, or the point is marked as not matching and excluded from processing as part of the analysis of this stereo pair (but is not excluded from analysis other stereo pairs). If a stereopair is found, the characteristic points comparison module 504 transmits through the fourth and sixth inputs and outputs of the system bus 300 to the RAM input / output 506 the characteristic point matching results that contain two pairs of two-dimensional coordinates and the correspondence of these coordinate pairs images of one of the above stereo pairs.

After processing the characteristic points comparison module 502 of all the characteristic points stored in the RAM 506 and generating a plurality of stereo pairs, the characteristic points comparison module 504 generates a data processing completion message arriving through the input-output of the characteristic points comparison module. Next, to the fourth and further to the seventh inputs and outputs of the system bus 300 and then to the input of the control controller 507. In turn, the control controller 507 sends a command through the system bus 300 to the three-dimensional coordinate calculation module, which is sequentially for each of the generated and written in RAM 506 stereopairs calculates the three-dimensional coordinates of a point in the local coordinate system of this current stereopair, converts the calculated three-dimensional coordinates from the local coordinate system to a single coordinate system selected by the global point for the device in question (according to the present invention, the global coordinate system coincides in Cartesian axes with the local coordinate system of the second optoelectronic sensor 202). The calculated three-dimensional global coordinates of the points, the three-dimensional coordinate calculation module transmits through its input-output to the third input-output of the system bus 300, to the sixth input-output of the system bus 300 in RAM 506.

Next, the module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates 503 notifies the module for constructing a cloud of points 505 of the completion of its work and the resolution of the module for constructing a cloud of points 505. The corresponding message is transmitted through the input-output of the module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates, through the third and fifth inputs and outputs of the system bus 300, through the input the output of the point cloud building module 505 to the point cloud building module 505.

After that, the module for constructing a point cloud 505 begins the formation of a point cloud obtained by analyzing and selecting the set of previously calculated three-dimensional coordinates of points on an elastic shell pressed against the measured surface of the head.

For this, the module for constructing a cloud of points 505 sequentially, point by point (here we are reading global three-dimensional coordinates of points), reads from RAM 506 and, if this point has not been processed by the same module for constructing a cloud of points 505, looks for n nearest to it points. Then, the module for constructing the point cloud 505 proceeds to the analysis of a new point, selected among the found nearest points, and so on, until all points stored in RAM 506 are processed. The process of reading point parameters is performed by the point cloud building module 505 through its input-output through the fifth input-output of the system bus 300, through the sixth input-output of the system bus 300 and through the input-output of RAM 506. As a result, at this stage of processing in RAM 506 Connections between the nearest points in three-dimensional space are stored.

The final stage of building a point cloud is the stage at which the point cloud building module 505 reanalyzes the coordinates of the characteristic points in three-dimensional space and the relationships between the nearest neighbors of the points and forms a single triangulation grid based on the elimination of duplicate connections between the characteristic points and restoration of the missing links. The generated connection parameters between the characteristic points in three-dimensional space are recorded in RAM 506. For this, the point cloud construction module 505 writes to RAM 506 all calculated vectors (links) that determine the relationship between two points in three-dimensional space on the shell surface, while the vector parameters are the construction module point cloud 505 passes through its input-output to the fifth input-output and then to the sixth input, the output of the system bus 300. And then - through the input-output of RAM 506, these data are recorded in RAM 506. Simultaneously with e them, the data of the mutual position of points representing the vector defining the connection between adjacent points, and three dimensional world coordinates of points on the surface of the shell are recorded in the information storage device 508.

At the final stage of the unit’s operation, the calculated parameters of the three-dimensional surface can be transmitted to the external device via the input-output module 509. For this, the input-output module 509 from the information storage device 508 reads the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the surface of the elastic shell and through the input-output of the information storage device 508, through the eighth input-output and through the ninth input-output of the system bus 300 and then through the first input-output of the input-output module 509 transmits data on three-dimensional coordinates through the second input-output of the input-output module 509 ah points of the surface of the cap and the connections between them in an external device.

As the first 401, second 402, third 403, fourth 404, fifth 405 and sixth 406 mirrors, flat glass mirrors of approximately 280 × 420 mm in size are used.

As the first 201, second 202, third 203 and fourth 204 optoelectronic sensors, Logitech C920, C905 portable video cameras or others can be used, which provide images with a frame size of at least 1600 × 1200 pixels, providing a viewing angle of at least 52 degrees and the frequency of imaging is not less than 24 frames / s.

The controller of optoelectronic sensors 501 is a typical USB controller, additionally equipped with a function for recording the reception time of the next frame.

The module for finding characteristic points 502, the module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates 503, the module for matching characteristic points 504, the control controller 507 can be implemented on the basis of a programmable logic integrated circuit, for example, Xilinx Virtex 5 with a logical capacity sufficient to implement these blocks. The point cloud construction module 505 is expediently implemented on the basis of a signal processor, micro-computer, or high-speed microcontroller. Also, this module can be implemented on a programmable logic circuit. RAM 506 is a dynamic RAM module with a control circuit with a capacity of at least 4 GB, which is determined by the amount of source images and the amount of intermediate data.

As a non-volatile information storage device 508, any so-called “hard disk drive” with a memory capacity of at least 256 GB can be used. It is recommended that you use an SSD drive, or equivalent.

The third independent technical solution is a method of measuring the configuration and dimensions of a volumetric body

The inventive method solves the problem of performing high-precision measurements of the shape and size of the volumetric body and, based on them, allows you to create reconstructions of the 3-dimensional (volumetric) surface of the body or its individual parts, or to select the most suitable products for the individual from finished products.

The ability to simultaneously measure the size and configuration of a three-dimensional body appeared first when taking impressions from the body and then measuring the resulting impressions, and later when using means of scanning surfaces at a distance. Three-dimensional body scanning is also used in medicine.

Known methods for the rapid measurement of a large number of people to obtain an accurate computer image and individual sewing through body scanning.

The prior art knows the technical solution "METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE FORM OF THE BODY", patented as US 2016203361 (A1) - 2016-07-14.

A system and method for measuring the body shape of an individual according to available input data, such as images or large-scale images, where the body can be represented in one or more poses captured at different times. The holistic shape of the body is calculated in all poses. The body can be represented in minimal tight-fitting clothing or in ordinary clothing, while the described method measures the shape of the body under the clothing. Hidden or insufficiently open areas of the body are detected using image classification and a fitting method adapted to correct each area individually. Parts of the body shape are represented parametrically and compared with similar parts based on the similarity of shape and other features. Standard measurements are extracted using parametric or nonparametric body shape functions. The disadvantage of this technical solution is: the fact that this method does not allow you to create an exact virtual surface of the body under the clothes, if during the shooting there is no full fit of the clothes to the body.

A known method of creating patterns by the standards of body parts and a method of manufacturing paper patterns (see patent JP2006169705 (A) - 2006-06-29), which consists in gluing pressure-sensitive adhesive strips on the measured surface until a mask is obtained on the measured surface, and then they cut this mask to obtain a pattern.

A common feature that is used in this and in the methods claimed by the author: the creation of tactile contact due to excessive pressure between the measuring device and the measured surface. The disadvantage of this method is the use of strips of adhesive tape that adhere to the measured surface. This is an uncomfortable and unhygienic way. A lot of time is spent on its implementation.

Closest to the claimed method is the method according to patent RU (11) 2551731. From the description of patent (19) RU (11) 2551731 (13) C1 (51) IPC A41H 1/02 (2006.01) G06Q 50/10 (2012.01) is known a method of virtual selection of clothes, which consists in photographing the subject for whom the clothes are selected, in transferring images to a computing device; in calculating the parameters of the body, for which, when photographing, the subject is dressed in an elastic template with reference marking, which is used to calculate the anthropometric data of the measured subject. The method determines the actual sizes of all body parameters, the template contains an elastic base, extensible within the same size, with inextensible graphic elements of a certain shape and size, mounted on the outer surface of the elastic base, having shape stability and inextensibility in all directions and serving as a dimensional standard while the shape, number and location of inextensible graphic elements are selected in accordance with the template size. The disadvantage of this method is the inconvenience associated with the fact that this method is intended primarily for measuring the surface of the body, and not the face and head.

For its implementation, the presence of specialized devices in the form of overalls with markings, which is selected from a certain size range, is required. It takes a rather long period of time to put on overalls and undressing. A virtual fitting of clothes selected as a result of using this method does not recreate the tactile sensations of contact with the clothing being tried on, or shoes.

The technical result from the use of the proposed method is that it is more accurate, convenient for practical use, easy to use, compared with the known ones, and also provides mass replication based on inexpensive commercially available components of the claimed device. Improving the accuracy of the method is due to the fact that a measurement unit is used, the optoelectronic sensors of which capture the entire studied surface of the body, to which the shell with the marking adheres tightly due to increased pressure, which allows more accurately calculate the distance between the cameras and surface, and, accordingly, build a virtual model of the surface; Also, the increase in accuracy is due to the fact that registration (obtaining images) of the entire surface of the object is performed at one time (at the same time), which eliminates potential errors due to possible involuntary movements of the object relative to optoelectronic sensors.

Moreover, for a person, at the time when measurements are being taken, it is possible to refine the dimensions in accordance with their tactile sensations by changing the degree of compression of the measured surface.

The universality of the application of the proposed method is determined by the fact that any three-dimensional body can be identified as a set of points in space, read by means of the device described above. The implementation of the method will allow to unify the measurements in the production of various high-precision products having an individual fit - helmets, glasses, wigs, shoes, clothes, orthoses.

Convenience of measurement, its high accuracy and speed is achieved due to the fact that it is not necessary to put on a special suit on the measurement object, and changing the pressure inside the device’s shell allows you to quickly prepare the device for measurements, quickly measure and easily remove the object of study from the device after measurement.

Description of the method for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body using the inventive contact device

For measurement, a device is used, consisting of one or more modules, inside of which there are: elastic shells, on the inner surface of which there is a marking, a measurement unit, as well as one or more compressors that create the necessary pressure inside the modules. A method for measuring the configuration and dimensions of a three-dimensional body, which consists in measuring the distance between the optoelectronic sensors in the installed measuring unit and the surface of the elastic shell on which the markings are applied. For this:

- initially, a pressure is created in the shell / shells of the device using a compressor so that the shell size changes to such a size that the surface to be examined can fit into the measurement area (inside or outside the device);

- the test surface of the volumetric body is placed in space to the surface of the elastic shell of the device on which the markings are applied, while the test surface can be placed either outside or inside the device;

- inside the device by means of a compressor create a pressure at which the shell fits snugly to the surface of the test body;

- the measuring unit reads information about the position of the marking on the side of the shell adjacent to the measured object, while taking measurements from the areas of soft tissue on the legs, body or head of a person, his tactile sensations are taken into account, for example, the degree of comfort, which is regulated by changing the pressure;

- the obtained data are processed in the measurement unit and on their basis a virtual model of the investigated surface of the volumetric body is formed;

- the process ends with the fact that pressure is created inside the device at which the body surface under investigation ceases to be in contact with the device and the object under investigation is removed from the device, or the device is removed from the object under study.

Examples of the method.

1. Measurement of the size and shape of the surface of the head is carried out to create or select a helmet for the racing driver - see Fig. 13. For this purpose, a contact device is used to measure the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body connected to the compressor. The device consists of a housing 101, a configuration measuring unit 104, integrated in the housing 101, an elastic shell 105 on which a marking 106 is applied, close in shape and size to the head, hermetically attached to the housing 101. The user is preparing the device for measurement. To this end, the compressor 107 removes part of the air in the space between the housing and the shell, which allows the shell to increase in size due to elongation. After reaching the required shell size, the user freely places his head in the shell. Further, the compressor creates a pressure at which the shell decreases and comfortably adheres to the measured surface. The configuration measurement unit 104 is turned on, which takes measurements and calculates three-dimensional shape parameters of the measured head. After the measurement is completed, the compressor 107 is turned on and pumps air from the housing. A person removes the device from the head and the device is ready for use again.

2. Measurement of the size and surface shape of the helmet for the racing driver is performed to select one of the many helmets available on the market for a person whose head parameters are previously measured (see Example 1) - see FIG. 14. For this purpose, a contact device is used to measure the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body connected to the compressor. The device consists of a housing 101, a configuration measuring unit 104, integrated in the housing 101, an elastic shell 105 on which a marking 106 is applied, close in shape and size to the head, hermetically attached to the housing 101. The user is preparing the device for measurement. To this end, the compressor 107 removes part of the air in the space between the housing and the shell, which allows the shell to decrease in size due to elongation. After reaching the required shell size, the user freely places the shell inside the helmet.

The next step is to turn on the compressor air supply to the space between the housing and the casing. The air pressure inside the housing is created, increased relative to atmospheric, due to which the size of the shell increases to the size at which it is pressed against the surface of the helmet.

Next, the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body is included in the operation. The signals coming from its output are recorded in an external storage device and processed in a given form.

After the measurement, the air from the device is partially removed using a compressor, the shell is compressed and the device is removed from the helmet. After that, the device is again ready for use.

3. Measure the surface of the leg in the foot and lower leg area. For this purpose, a detachable contact device is used to measure the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body connected to the compressor. The device consists of two modules having a movable connection between them. Each module consists of a body, a configuration measuring unit placed in the body, and an elastic shell that is close in shape and size to a specific part of the leg and is tightly attached to the body. The first module is fixed and contains two shells. One shell is close in shape and size to the foot, and the second is close in shape to the front surface of the lower leg. The shell of the second module is movable, close in shape to the posterior surface of the lower leg.

The user prepares the device for the measurement. To do this, interconnected modules are disconnected, a compressor removes part of the air in the space between the housings and shells, which allows the shells to increase in size due to elongation. After reaching the required size of the shells, the user freely places his foot inside the device, namely, the foot and front of the lower leg is placed in the first module. Next, the movable module is connected to the stationary.

At the next stage, the compressor starts supplying air to the space between the housings and shells. The air pressure inside the bodies is created, increased relative to atmospheric, due to which the shells increase to the size at which they are pressed against the surface of the leg.

Next, the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body is included in the operation. The signals coming from its output are recorded in an external storage device and processed in a given form.

After the measurement, the air from the device is partially removed using a compressor, the shells are compressed, the connection between the modules opens and the leg is removed from the device. After that, the device is again ready for use.

Claims (16)

1. A contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body, comprising a unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body and an airtight and elastic shell with markings applied on it, characterized in that it is made of at least one module connected to at least one a compressor, wherein the module comprises a housing, and a sealed and elastic shell is hermetically connected to the walls of the housing, while the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body is rigidly connected to the walls of the housing and Execute to measure the configuration and volume dimensions of the body, wherein a sealed and elastic envelope imposed on the test surface in the contact zones, the configuration of this surface, wherein the markings applied to the sheath in the contact zones by the installation configuration detecting portion and volume of body sizes. 2. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface configurations of the sealed and elastic shells correspond to the configuration of the measured volumetric body and are close to it in size. 3. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface configurations of the hermetic and elastic shells do not correspond to the proportions and configurations of the measured volumetric body, while they are made identical. 4. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said modules have a swivel connection to each other. 5. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the said modules have a lock connection between themselves. 6. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the modules with the compressor is made through a wall or walls of the housing. 7. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the modules with the compressor is made through elastic or elastic shells. 8. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking on the surface of the shell is made in the form of dots. 9. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking on the surface of the shell is made in the form of colored lines. 10. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the marking on the surface of the shell is made in the form of markers. 11. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is made of elastic fabric coated with silicone. 12. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell is made of elastic fabric coated with latex. 13. The contact device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made of plastic. 14. A unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body for a contact device for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the three-dimensional body, comprising a system of mirrors and a computing module containing optoelectronic sensors, a controller for optoelectronic sensors, a module for locating characteristic points, a module for calculating three-dimensional coordinates, a module characteristic point comparisons, point cloud construction module, random access memory, non-volatile storage of information, control controller, input-output module an ode, a system bus, and the input-output of the first optoelectronic sensor connected to the first input-output of the controller of the opto-electronic sensor, the input-output of the second optoelectronic sensor connected to the second input-output of the controller of the optoelectronic sensor, input-output of the third the optical-electronic sensor is connected to the third input-output of the controller of the optical-electronic sensor, the input-output of the fourth optical-electronic sensor is connected to the fourth input-output of the controller of the optical-electronic sensor, the first, second, the third and fourth inputs and outputs of the controller of optical-electronic sensors are respectively the first, second, third and fourth input-output of the computing module, the fifth input-output of the controller of the optical-electronic sensor is connected to the first input-output of the system bus, the second input-output of the system bus connected to the input-output of the module for finding characteristic points, the third input-output of the system bus is connected to the input-output of the module for calculating the three-dimensional coordinates of the points, the fourth input-output of the system bus is connected to the input-output m characteristic points matching module, the fifth input-output of the system bus is connected to the input-output of the module for creating a point cloud, the sixth input-output of the system bus is connected to the input-output of random access memory, the seventh input-output of the system bus is connected to the input-output of the control controller , the eighth input-output of the system bus is connected to the input-output of a non-volatile information storage device, the ninth input-output of the system bus is connected to the first input-output of the input-output module, the second input-output of the input-in module the output is the input-output of the computing module and is designed to exchange data and commands with external devices, the first, second, third and fourth optoelectronic sensors are placed relative to each other so that the main optical axis of the first, second and third optoelectronic sensors are located in one plane, and the fourth optical-electronic sensor is located so that its main optical axis is perpendicular to the plane in which the main optical axes of the first, second and third optical-electron are located sensors, the first and third optoelectronic sensors are oriented opposite each other and placed at a distance L, while their main optical axes coincide, the second optoelectronic sensor is located so that its main optical axis is perpendicular to the optical axes of the first and third optoelectronic sensor and crosses the main optical axis of the first and third optoelectronic sensors at an equal distance from the first and third optoelectronic sensors, so that the first, second and third optoelectronic sensors p are located at the vertices of an equilateral right-angled triangle, the first and third optoelectronic sensors - at the points of intersection of the legs and hypotenuse, and the second optoelectronic sensor - at the intersection of two legs, the fourth optoelectronic sensor is located so that its main optical axis passes through the intersection of the main optical axes of the first, second and third optoelectronic sensors and the fourth optoelectronic sensor is located at a height H relative to the plane of the main optical axes of the first, the second and third optoelectronic sensors, the first, second, third, fourth mirrors are placed perpendicular to the plane containing the main optical axes of the first, second and third optoelectronic sensors so that the first and second mirrors are perpendicular to each other, and are respectively located between the first and the second optoelectronic sensors and between the second and third optoelectronic sensors, in turn, the fourth mirror is perpendicular to the second mirror, while the second mirror and the fourth mirror are located They are married from different sides relative to the third optical-electronic sensor, the third mirror is perpendicular to the first mirror, while the third and first mirrors are located on different sides relative to the first optical-electronic sensor, the fifth mirror is placed in a plane oriented at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane in which the optical axes of the first, second and third optoelectronic sensors are placed, and is located between the third and fourth optoelectronic sensors, the sixth mirror is placed in a plane oriented along at 45 degrees to the plane in which are located the optical axis of the first, second and third optoelectronic sensor and arranged between the first and fourth optical-electronic sensors. 15. The method of measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body using the contact device according to claim 1, including measuring the distance between the optoelectronic sensors of the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body and the surface of the sealed and elastic shell, which is marked, processing the received information and building virtual model of the investigated surface, while for measuring the distance between the optoelectronic sensors of the unit for measuring the configuration and dimensions of the volumetric body and surface A sealed and elastic shell creates an initial pressure through the compressor in the sealed and elastic shell of the said device, to place the test surface in the measurement area, the test surface of the volumetric body is placed in space to the surface of the tight and elastic shell of the said device, while the test surface is placed outside or inside the device , and create the necessary pressure inside it, to create direct contact between the investigated surface With the help of the body and the aforementioned device, they carry out the reading of the position of the markers on the marked side of the sealed and elastic shell by means of the volumetric body configuration and dimensions measuring unit, processing it, creating a digital model that repeats the configuration, dimensions and shape of the surface to be studied, and releasing the surface of the volume body from contact with a sealed and elastic shell, lowering the pressure inside it. 16. The method according to p. 15, characterized in that the degree of tightness of the surface of the test body by the shell is controlled by changing the pressure inside the modules.

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