RU2647495C1 - Multiplicative difference-relative method for determination of coordinates of position of pulsed radio-frequency source - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radio engineering, particularly to radio monitoring systems for determining the position of pulsed radio-frequency sources. Method is based on the use of measurements of the signal arrival times to four stationary radio control stations, while calculating the propagation time differences of signals from the RES to stations based on the measured arrival times of the signals, form a Cayley-Menger determinant of dimension 6×6, which vanishes for any five points of Euclidean space, and the numerical solution of this determinant gives values of the distances from the source to the stations and on the basis of the proportional correspondence of the ratios of distances from the station to the RES and the corresponding ratios of the pulse signal delay values, all combinations of the multiplicative differences of these ratios are obtained, processing of relations multiplicative differences is carried out by a dichotomous method or methods of accelerated descent, which is based on the principle of sequential determination of the RES location parameters: latitude – Xi, longitude – Yi and altitude – Zi based on the criterion of the minimum differences in the ratio of the distance of the location of the RES to the stations of radio monitoring, not located on the same line, and the corresponding ratios of the signal delays measured at the stations.

EFFECT: simplification by determining the spatial coordinates of the location of radio emission sources (RES) by four stationary stations without attracting the position lines equations.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, and in particular to radio monitoring systems for determining the coordinates of the location of pulsed radio emission sources (IRI), information about which is not in the database (for example, the state radio frequency service or the state service for monitoring communications). The invention can be used in the search for the location of unauthorized communications.

Known methods for determining the coordinates of the IRI, in which passive direction finders are used in an amount of at least three, the center of gravity of the region of intersection of the revealed azimuths of which at the wave arrival front is taken as the location estimate. The basic principles of operation of such direction finders are amplitude, phase, and interferometric [1, 2]. Widely used is the amplitude direction finding method, in which an antenna system is used that has a radiation pattern with a pronounced maximum of the main lobe and minimal rear and side lobes. Such antenna systems include, for example, log-periodic or antennas having a cardioid characteristic, etc. With the amplitude method, the position of the antenna is reached by mechanical rotation, at which the output signal has a maximum value. This direction is taken as a direction to Iran. The disadvantages of most direction finders include a high degree of complexity of antenna systems, switching devices and the presence of multi-channel radios, as well as the need for high-speed information processing systems.

The presence in the federal districts of the state radio frequency service interconnected through a central point of an extensive network of radio monitoring posts equipped with means for receiving radio signals, measuring and processing their parameters, allows you to supplement their functions and tasks of determining the coordinates of the location of those IRI, information about which is not available in the database, without resorting to the use of complex and expensive direction finders.

(сочетаний из N по 4) на основании обратно пропорциональной зависимости отношений расстояний от поста до источника радиоизлучения и соответствующих им разностей уровней сигналов, выраженных в дБ, составляют три уравнения, каждое из которых описывает окружность равных отношений, по параметрам двух любых пар которых и определяют текущее среднее значение широты и долготы местоположения источника радиоизлучения. Недостатком этого способа является большое количество стационарных постов радиоконтроля.The known method [3], in which N is used to determine the coordinates of the location of the IRI, at least four stationary radio monitoring posts located on more than one line, one of which is taken as the base, connecting with the rest of the N-1 posts by communication lines, at all posts quasi-synchronous scanning at given fixed tuning frequencies, averaging the measured values of signal levels at each of the scanned frequencies, and then at the base station for each of the combinations

(combinations of N by 4) based on the inversely proportional relationship between the distance from the post to the radio source and the corresponding differences in signal levels, expressed in dB, are three equations, each of which describes the circle of equal relations, according to the parameters of any two pairs of which determine the current average of the latitude and longitude of the location of the source of the radio emission. The disadvantage of this method is the large number of stationary monitoring posts.

Known methods and devices for direction finding [4, 5], which can be used for the purpose of determining coordinates.

The method [4] is based on the reception of signals by three antennas forming two pairs of measuring bases, measuring the differences in the arrival time of the IRI signals and deterministic calculations of the desired coordinates.

The disadvantages of the method include:

1) A large number of antennas.

2) The method is not focused on the use of radio monitoring posts.

3) Measuring bases for calculating the difference in the arrival times of the IRI signals by antenna pairs significantly limit the separation of these antennas, not to mention the inappropriateness and great technical complexity of the implementation of the method.

An exploded difference-range direction finder [5], consisting of two peripheral points (PP), a central point (CPU) and a single time system, aims to unload the communication channel between the points. The peripheral points are intended for receiving, storing, processing signals and transmitting signal fragments to the CPU, on which the difference of the signal arrival time is calculated. The single time system uses a chronizer, which is a keeper of the current time scale (hours) tied to the single time scale, designed to bind the signal level values recorded in the memory to the reception time value.

This direction finder has the following disadvantages:

1) Not adapted to the radio control points used in the branches of the federal districts of the state radio frequency service or the state service for supervision of communications.

2) A large number of specialized direction finding (but not radio monitoring) posts.

3) Unreasonable and unrevealed (at least until the functional diagram) application of a single time system on a CPU and time clocks on a PC synchronized with a single time system.

4) The need for radio channels with high bandwidth (up to 625 Mbaud) for the transmission of even fragments of signals from PP1 and PP2 to the CPU.

5) To organize a radio channel, radio transmitting devices and obtaining permission for their operation in certain operating conditions are required.

The known differential-ranging method for determining the coordinates of the source of radio emission and the device that implements it [6].

A method based on the reception of IRI signals by four antennas forming three independent measuring bases at the separated points A, B, C, D so that the volume of the figure formed from these points is greater than zero (V_{A, B, C, D}> 0). The signal is simultaneously received at all antennas, three independent time differences Δt are measured_AC, Δt_BC, Δt_DC signal reception by pairs of antennas forming measuring antenna bases (AC), (BC) and (DC). From the measured time differences, the distance differences from the IRI to the pairs of points (A, C), (B, C), (D, C) are calculated for the k-th triple of antennas located at points A, B, C with k = 1, B, C, D at k = 2, D, C, A at k = 3, the angle γ is calculated using the measured range differences_kcharacterizing the angular position of the plane of position of the IRI Ω_k, k = 1, 2, 3 relative to the corresponding measuring base, and the coordinates of the point F_kbelonging to the k-th plane of the Iranian position, calculate the desired coordinates of the Islamic Republic of Iran as the coordinates of the intersection point of the three planes of the Iranian position Ω_k, k = 1, 2, 3, each of which is characterized by the coordinates of the location points of the kth triple of antennas and the calculated values of the angle γ_k and coordinates of point F_k, display the results of the calculation of the coordinates of the IRI in a given format.

This method is closer to the claimed, but also has a number of significant disadvantages:

1) The complexity of the practical implementation of the method due to the lack of the ability to measure differences in the reception times of the IRI signal only by antennas (there are no measuring radios in the block diagram).

2) The need to reduce the IRI signals from the antennas spaced at the optimum distance of 0.6-0.7 electromagnetic accessibility (EMD) distances according to [2] at one point, which is not economically feasible to implement.

3) Two-input meters are used to measure the difference in the time of signal reception directly from the antennas.

4) The complexity of the technical implementation, due to the large number of different calculators.

5) Uncertainty in the construction of the position surface in the form of a plane perpendicular to the antenna plane, since the antennas at points A, B, C, D are not located in the same plane, as evidenced by the condition V _{A, B, C, D} > 0 in the formula invention.

Closest to the claimed is a rangefinder-differential-rangefinder method for determining the coordinates of the source of radio emission and the device that implements it [7], adopted as a prototype.

The method is based on the reception of a signal by three antennas, measuring the values of two differences in the signal reception time of the IRI antennas, measuring two values of the power flux density of the IRI signal, subsequent processing of the measurement results in order to calculate the coordinates of the point through which the Iranian position line passes.

This method involves the following operations:

- have three antennas at the vertices of the triangle ABC;

- receive a signal on all three antennas;

- measure two time differences Δt _AC and Δt _{BC of the} reception of the IRI signal by the antennas;

- measure the density of the power flux P ₁ and P _{2 the} signal at the locations of the antennas 1 and 2;

- calculate the values of the differences of the distances from the IRI to pairs of antennas using the expressions Δr _AC = CΔt _AC , Δr _BC = CΔt _BC , Δr _AB = Δr _AC -Δr _BC , where C is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave;

- calculate the coordinates according to the formula obtained.

In accordance with [7] the composition of the device that implements the method includes:

- three antennas;

- two time difference meters;

- two power flux density meters;

- computing unit;

- display unit.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:

1) The practical complexity of the method due to the inability to measure differences in the reception times of the IRI signal only by antennas (there are no measuring radios in the block diagram).

2) The need to reduce the IRI signals from antennas spaced several kilometers into one point for measurement by two-input meters, which is a significant and not solved by the patent authors problem.

3) There is no possibility of using the measurement results in various combinations for their statistical processing in order to improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of the location of the IRI.

4) It is not adapted to the equipment of radio monitoring posts (two time difference meters, two power flux density meters, a computing unit, an indication unit) are redundant, which are available in the branches of the federal districts of the RF radio frequency service, and therefore cannot be used there.

5) Two-sheeted hyperboloids of rotation corresponding to two time-difference measurements and a sphere whose parameters are determined when processing power flux-density values at the locations of two receiving antennas are used as IRI position surfaces. These complex nonlinear expressions give rise to coordinate determination errors. In particular, the calculation of the coordinates {x _F , y _F } of a point F belonging to the IRI bearing line using the expressions:

,

,

,

,

leads to the appearance of a singularity error (when the denominator can be close to zero).

The aim of the present invention is to develop a method for determining the coordinates of the location of the IRI, devoid of the disadvantages of the prototype, three radio monitoring posts, which will apply this method in all branches of the federal districts of the Radio Frequency Service of the Russian Federation.

This goal is achieved using the features specified in the claims, common with the prototype.

мультипликативных функций, представляющих сочетания, взятые по i, из полученных

парных сочетаний разностей отношений расстояний, рассчитанных от точек измерения до местоположения искомого ИРИ по задаваемым из известного диапазона значениям широт, долгот и высот местоположениям искомого ИРИ и соответствующих вычисленным попарным отношениям расстояний, равнозначных отношениям измеренных величин времени распространения сигналов до постов, изменяют дихотомически или методом наискорейшего спуска последовательно каждый из параметров местоположения искомого источника радиоизлучения при неизменных значениях двух других и находят точки экстремумов и точки перегиба мультипликативных функций с усреднением и последовательной фиксацией каждого искомого параметра местоположения источника в этих точках как окончательного.A multiplicative difference-relative method for determining the location coordinates of a pulsed radio source, based on measuring delay values of radio signals at the assigned frequencies at several points in space by radio receivers, characterized in that pre-calibrated n = 4 monitoring posts are used to measure the moments of arrival of signals, one of which used as the base, the posts are connected by communication lines with the base, and the measured values of the moments of arrival Yes, the signals from them are transmitted to the base post, where the difference in the arrival time of the signals is calculated, a Caye-Menger determinant of 6x6 dimension is formed, from which one unknown distance from the desired source to one of the posts is calculated, and then through it and the distances to other posts, are paired distances equivalent to the ratios of the values of the propagation time of the signals to the posts form

multiplicative functions representing combinations taken over i from the obtained

paired combinations of differences in the distance relations calculated from the measurement points to the location of the desired IRI according to the latitudes, longitudes and heights of the locations of the desired IRI and corresponding calculated pairwise distances equal to the ratios of the measured values of the propagation time of the signals to the posts, change dichotomously or by the fastest method descent sequentially each of the location parameters of the desired source of radio emission at constant values of two others and find the points of extrema and inflection points of the multiplicative functions with averaging and sequential fixation of each desired parameter of the source location at these points as final.

Before making measurements and calculating the coordinates of the location of the desired IRI, calibrate the meters at the posts.

.Calibration of the meter of the time of arrival of signals at the posts is performed using reference RES with known signal parameters and location coordinates. Each reference RES should be in the EMD zone of all n posts. The number of reference RES and the distribution in the EMD zone of the posts should be sufficient to ensure a given calibration accuracy both in distance and azimuth relative to the posts. Before calculating the location parameters of the IRI (latitude, longitude and altitude), the distances from the posts to the IRI are determined (see the explanatory FIG. 1). To do this, according to the marks of the time of arrival of the IRI signals T _a , T _b , T _c , T _d at the synchronized signals of the reference RES [8], the posts are calculated at the leading post of the time delay of the arrival of the signals of the desired RES at j and k posts:

.

, или в другом виде:

, где С - скорость распространения электромагнитной волны.Expressing the length of the delay time of the arrival of signals through the corresponding distance differences traveled by the signals, we obtain

, or in another form:

where C is the propagation velocity of the electromagnetic wave.

,

, и

,From the obtained relations we express the distances r _b , r _c and r _d through r _a :

,

, and

,

To calculate the unknown distance r _{a, the} Cayley-Menger determinant of 6 × 6 dimension is compiled and calculated, one more than the number of vertices of the volume of the five-vertex simplex figure described by him, shown in FIG. 1. In [9, p. 146] it is stated that for any five points of Euclidean space, ten squares of distances in the Cayley-Menger determinant turn the latter to zero. The determinant is written as

The determinant is solved with respect to r _a numerically.

After determining r _a , the remaining distances r _b , r _c and r _d are also found from the above relations.

Then, the coordinates of the location of the IRI are determined.

,

.The determination of coordinates is based on the conceptual rejection of the use of any complex IRI position lines, for example, parabolas, hyperbolas, Apollonius of Perga circles, Cassini ovals, rotation hyperboloids and other lines, and the use of a universal numerical method for sequentially determining IRI location parameters. In this case, instead of physical quantities (distances, delays in the arrival of radio emission signals to the points of their reception), it is proposed to use multiplicative differences in the ratios of these physical quantities. In this case, use the criterion of the minimum differences in the relations of distances from the location of the IRI to the radio monitoring posts and the corresponding ratios of the propagation time values of the signals. Coordinates can be calculated using the dichotomy method, for example, the method of bitwise balancing. For its use, a priori, the ranges of D values of the sought quantities must be known. These ranges are usually known based on the parameters of the common EMD zone of the four radio monitoring posts used. In accordance with the bitwise balancing algorithm, the average value of the determined value (for example, latitude) from a range D is initially set for a longitude and a fixed but lying in the known ranges of values. Calculate the distance from the i-th location of the IRI to each j-th post

,

.

и

расстояний:

. Эти отношения позволяют исключить зависимость вычисления координат местоположения от мощности ИРИ. Полученные отношения сравнивают путем вычитания с соответствующими им отношениями расстояний от ИРИ до постов j и k,

, например

,

,

,

итд, … … … … .. (2), где r_a, r_b, r_c, r_d - фактические расстояния до постов, вычисленные ранее с помощью определителя Кэли-Менгера.Then determine the pair relations calculated before the posts

and

distances:

. These relationships make it possible to eliminate the dependence of the calculation of location coordinates on the power of the IRI. The obtained relations are compared by subtraction with the corresponding ratios of the distances from the IRI to the posts j and k,

, eg

,

,

,

etc., ... ... ... ... .. (2), where r _a , r _b , r _c , r _d are the actual distances to posts, calculated earlier using the Cayley-Menger determinant.

For example, for posts A and B, this difference is defined as f _{1abi, ab} = (n _abi -n _ab ). For B and C - as f _{1bci, bc} = (n _bci -n _bc ), etc.

, где m - количество итераций.If the difference in relationship is less than zero, then 1/4 of the range is added to the original latitude value. Otherwise, 1/4 of the range of its value is subtracted from the original latitude value. Then again calculate the distances to the posts and evaluate the results of the comparison, as described above. In this case, 1/8 of the range is added (or subtracted), then 1/16 of the range, etc. Such iterations continue until the result of the comparison is in absolute value less than a predetermined value of the sampling error of each location parameter

where m is the number of iterations.

After that, the obtained parameter value is fixed. Then similarly calculate the value of longitude at the found latitude and fixed height, and then the altitude at the found latitude and long. The minimum of any of the differences indicates the location of the IRI at the point with the selected coordinates. But since the coordinates of the IRI are perpendicular to the base line, each of the individual differences will have a minimum value when the IRI is located on both sides of the bases. There is ambiguity in determining the location of the IRI. The ambiguity is removed by finding extrema or inflection points of the multiplicative functions of the differences of relations. In this case, they take the differences in the ratios of the distances calculated from (2) from the source of radio emissions to the points of their reception and the ratios of the distances corresponding to the signal propagation durations calculated from (1). Since the meters of the values of the moments of arrival) of signals are located at all posts, for all their combinations there will be six such differences: f _1abi.ab = (n _abi -n _ab ), f _{1aci, ac} = (n _aci -n _ac ), f _{1adi, ad} = (n _adi -n _ad ), f _{1bci, bc} = (n _bci -n _bc ), f _{1bdi, bd} = (n _bdi -n _bd ), f _{1cdi, cd} = (n _cdi -n _cd ) .

этих разностей отношений, где k изменяется от 2 до

.Based on these six types of relationship differences, to uniquely determine the location coordinates of the IRI are multiplicative functions, including all combinations

of these differences of relations, where k varies from 2 to

.

.Examples of multiplicative functions that include two difference of relations: f _2ab.ac = f _{1abi, ab} f _{1aci, ac} , f _{2ab, bc} = f _{1abi, ab} f _{1bci, bc} and. etc. The total number of such functions is

.

.An example of multiplicative functions including three difference of relations: f _{3ab, ac, bc} = f _{1abi, ab} f _{1aci, ac} f _{1bci, bc} , f _{3ab, ac, cd} = f _{1abi, ab} f _{1aci, ac} f _{1cdi, cd} , f _{3ab, bc, cd} = f _{1abi, ab} f _{1bci, bc} f _{1cdi, cd} . The total number of such functions is

.

The total number of all types of multiplicative functions is

.

.

In FIG. 2 shows the dependencies of the differences of relations of the first type, in FIG. 3 - three paired multiplicative functions, in FIG. 4 - one multiplicative function of three differences of relations. As a result of such a sequential solution of the multiplicative functions for each of the location parameters and averaging the results, the desired coordinates of the IRI location are obtained.

The method involves the following operations:

1) Calibrate a meter for the time delay of arrival at the signal posts (IWS) using an array of reference RES with known signal parameters and location coordinates. Each reference RES should be in the EMD zone of all four posts. The number of reference RES and the distribution in the EMD zone of the posts should be sufficient to ensure a given calibration accuracy both in distance and azimuth relative to the posts.

2) At each post, the values of the times of arrival of the IRI signals are measured using the appropriate meter using non-directional antennas of the post, while tuning the receiver to the given fixed frequencies. The results are entered into the database of your computer.

3) Information received in paragraphs. 1 and 2, are sent over the communication channel of the communication device from the slave computers to the master.

4) At the leading post, the duration of the delay time of the arrival of signals to the posts relative to each other is calculated, all distances from the IRI to the posts over any one distance are expressed.

5) At the leading post, they make up the Cayley-Menger determinant of 6 × 6 dimension.

6) The Cayley-Menger determinant is solved by a numerical method, thereby an unknown distance is determined, and then other distances from posts to IRI are found.

мультипликативных функций разностей отношений.7) Make up

multiplicative functions of difference relations.

8) The latitude, longitude and height of the IRI location corresponding to the points of extrema, as well as the inflection points of all the multiplicative functions compiled in clause 7, are calculated dichotomously or by the method of steepest descent, after fixing, after averaging, each sought source location parameter at these points is final,

In the proposed method, the disadvantages of the prototype are eliminated:

1) any complex equations of the IRI location lines with hidden singularity errors hidden in them are excluded. In the proposed method, the multiplicative functions of the differences in the ratios of the final values (distances and delay values of the arrival of signals) are smooth and do not create singular errors,

2) the determination of the coordinates of the location of the IRI is carried out by radio monitoring posts, and not by means far from their practical implementation,

3) the method in connection with the use of multiplicative functions provides the ability to use the measurement results in various combinations, which allows to increase statistics and improve the accuracy of determining coordinates.

4) the method is more versatile in comparison with the known, easily implemented (an example of such a technical implementation is given in / 10 /) and is free from the disadvantages of the prototype.

Distinctive features of the method are not identified either in analogues or in the prototype, which indicates the presence in the proposed invention of signs of novelty and the corresponding level of inventiveness.

Literature

1. Korneev I.V., Lentsman V.L. and others. Theory and practice of state regulation of the use of radio frequencies and RES civilian applications.

1. The collection of materials of continuing education courses for specialists of radio frequency centers of federal districts. Book 2. - SPb .: SPbSUT. 2003.

2. Lipatnikov V.A., Solomatin A.I., Terentyev A.V. Direction finding. Theory and practice. SPb. YOU, 2006 - 356 s.

3. A method for determining the location coordinates of radio emission sources. RF patent No. 2430385 C2. Publ. September 27, 2011 Authors: Loginov Yu.I., Ekimov O.B., Rudakov RN

4. Difference-range measuring method of direction finding of a source of radio emission. RF patent №2325666 C2. Authors: Saibel A.G., Sidorov P.A.

5. Diversity differential range finder direction finder. RF patent No. 2382378, C1. Authors: Ivasenko A.V., Saibel A.G., Khokhlov P.Yu.

6. Difference-range measuring method for determining the coordinates of the source of radio emission and the device realizing it. RF patent No. 2309420. Authors: Saibel A.G., Grishin P.S.

7. Rangefinder-difference-rangefinder method for determining the coordinates of the source of radio emission and the device that implements it. RF patent No. 2363010 C2, publ. 10.27.2007 Authors: Saibel A.G., Weigel K.I.

8. Determining the coordinates of the location of radiation sources during radio monitoring. Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium EMC - 2011. Authors: Loginov Yu.I., Ekimov OB, Antipin BM

9. Kulakov Yu.I. Theory of physical structures. Ed. Binomial. 2004, 954 p.

10. Rangefinder-difference-rangefinder method for determining the coordinates of the location of the source of radio emission and the device that implements it. RF patent No. 2510038 C2. Publ. 03/20/2014 Authors: Loginov Yu.I., Ekimov O.B., Antipin B.M., Gritsenko A.A., Pavlov V.N., Portnago L.B.

Claims (1)

A multiplicative difference-relative method for determining the location coordinates of a pulsed radio source, based on measuring delay values of radio signals at the assigned frequencies at several points in space by radio receivers, characterized in that pre-calibrated n = 4 monitoring posts are used to measure the moments of arrival of signals, one of which used as the base, the posts are connected by communication lines with the base, and the measured values of the moments of arrival Yes, the signals from them are transmitted to the base post, where the difference in the arrival time of the signals is calculated, a Caye-Menger determinant of 6 × 6 dimension is formed, from which one unknown distance from the desired source to one of the posts is calculated, and then through it and the distance to other posts, make pair relations of distances, equivalent to the relations of the values of the propagation time of signals to the posts, form

multiplicative functions representing combinations taken over i from the obtained

paired combinations of differences in distance ratios calculated from the measurement points to the location of the desired IRI from latitudes, longitudes and heights of the locations of the sought IRI and corresponding calculated distance ratios equal to the ratios of the measured values of the propagation time of the signals to the posts, change dichotomously or by the fastest method descent sequentially each of the location parameters of the desired source of radio emission at constant values of two other GIH and find the extrema points and inflection point multiplicative averaging functions and each successive fixation of the desired source location parameter at these points as the final.

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