RU2641789C1 - Pyrotechnic valve (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: pyrotechnic valve has a body in which a pyrotechnic drive and piston are mounted on one axle and which is perpendicular to the direction of piston movement and sealed with a plug by means of welding. At the pipeline outer diameter and the plug in the zone of their connection there is a groove of depth not less than value of elastic deformation of outer end plug bending which is welded to the pipeline without subsequent heat treatment of the weld zone and made of same material as the pipeline. The groove is made on the larger part of the plug length, and an annular groove is made on the piston outer cylindrical surface, which axial location provides its alignment with the opened pipeline. An embodiment of the valve is also proposed.

EFFECT: creating a pyrotechnic valve to provide improved tightness and reliability.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for gas and hydraulic systems for critical purposes.

Known starting valve [and.with. USSR No. 1740845, F16K 17/14, publ. 06/15/1992, bull. No. 22], comprising a hollow body with an inlet pipe (openable element) and an outlet pipe. A power drive and a piston are installed on the same axis in the housing, which interacts when the power drive is triggered with an opening element located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston.

The opened element is made in the form of a glass with a weakened cross section with an installed rubber sealing element.

A disadvantage of the known start-up valve is that loss of tightness in the initial state is possible with a wide range of operating temperatures, as well as with aggressive working environments.

Known pyrovalve [RF patent No. 2421648, F16K 17/14, publ. 06/20/2011, bull. No. 17], comprising a housing with inlet and outlet openings, cavities separated by a jumper, in one of which a pyrocamera and a piston provided with a rod with a punch, made in one piece with a conical plug installed with the possibility of jamming in a mating conical a saddle made in the body cavity. The conical plug is made with a two-layer structure, and the jumper separating the cavities in the housing is made in one piece with the housing.

This valve provides reliable operation at high pressures.

The disadvantages of the known pyrovalve can be attributed to the complexity of the design, it requires increased accuracy of manufacture of the locking surfaces of the parts, technological complexity in ensuring adhesion of the two-layer structure on conical surfaces, requires increased force on the piston when the pyrovalve is triggered, the possibility of piston withdrawal during prolonged exposure in the worked state, which will lead to to loss of tightness of the "cut off" channel.

Known pyrovalve [A.S. USSR No. 1288422, F16K 17/14, publ. 02/07/1987, bull. No. 5], comprising a housing with a pyro cartridge mounted on the same axis and a piston with a rod located perpendicular to the openable element with a weakened cross section near the plugs.

The opening element consists of input and output fittings located on the same axis, on the ends of which are facing each other, there are plugs forming a discontinuous element and pivotally connected to the rod by means of an axis with the possibility of rotation in the longitudinal plane.

The piston rod acts on the plugs of the discontinuous element located coaxially with the inlet and outlet fittings.

The technical result of the specified pyrovalve is to increase the reliability of its operation by eliminating the formation of metal particles.

The disadvantage of the technical solution of the well-known pyrovalve is that an increased force is required on the piston when the pyrovalve is triggered, despite the measures taken with the joint of the plugs of the discontinuous element with the rod (two destructible sections); the proposed swivel complicates the design of the pyrovalve, and therefore reduces its reliability.

Known safety valve [and.with. USSR No. 846907, F16K 17/14, publ. 07/15/1981, bull. No. 26], in the housing of which there is a device for destroying the element to be opened (destructible element), the piston of which (bottom) is perpendicular to the element being opened, made in the form of a rod with a weakened cross-section and through which two parallel non-through channels pass through it.

The power element of the device for the destruction of the opened element is made in the form of a bellows with a piston.

The known safety valve provides "complete" tightness in the initial state, however, when opening the connected channels, an increased force is required on the destruction device of the element being opened, since the "working" section of the element being opened is significantly, namely, several times larger than the section of the channels made in it. Reducing this "working" section causes significant technological difficulties. In addition, the use of a bellows to separate the channel with an increased control pressure with openable channels in this case may not be effective due to the possibility of destruction of the bellows or places of its sealing in the body parts. Based on the above, it can be argued about the insufficient reliability of the known safety valve.

The well-known safety valve requires additional sealing of the connection points with the trunk of the facility in which it is used, which may also impose restrictions on its use in critical systems, where increased tightness requirements are imposed, for example, due to the need to maintain high pressure in the system for very long term.

For both types of pyrotechnic valves, pyroclaps were chosen as a prototype [RF patent No. 2362078, F16K 17/14, publ. 07/20/2009], which contains a housing in which (in the control cavity) a pyrotechnic drive (pyromedicine) and a piston, an opening element (inlet pipe) located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and sealed with a plug (shear element) by welding are mounted on one axis .

A lateral cavity is located coaxially with the control cavity with the openable element (inlet pipe) and the outlet pipe of the working medium supply channel (liquid or gas) coaxially located.

The side cavity is equipped with a shock absorber and an additional piston with a blind channel, into the bottom of which the plug rests.

The well-known pyrovalve protects the drip of the working fluid from the ingress of the shear element (plug) or its fragments, which increases the reliability of its operation, and can be used for both gas and liquid systems.

At the same time, it has a number of disadvantages, which nevertheless limit its scope and reduce reliability and tightness.

1) Inlet pipe (openable element), depending on operating conditions, can be made:

- completely made of stainless steel 12X18H10T;

- welded with shear element (plug) of aluminum alloy;

- prefabricated with shear element (plug) made of ftoroplast.

The proposed design of the inlet pipe (openable element) completely made of stainless steel does not exclude a decrease in its bore when the valve is activated due to the ductility of steel 12X18H10T.

Welded with a shear element (plug) made of aluminum alloy, the design of the inlet pipe (opening element) will cause technological difficulties in welding dissimilar materials (steel and aluminum alloy).

A prefabricated with a shear element (plug) made of fluoroplastic, the inlet nozzle (opening element) design is complex in design and does not exclude the loss of tightness.

2) The shear element (plug) of a known pyrovalve is destroyed mainly from shear stresses, this circumstance will require increased effort created by the pyromedicine.

3) The materials used for sealing fluoroplastic and rubber do not provide the necessary tightness - they do not exclude the breakthrough of high-temperature gas products from the operation of the pyromedicine, which can reduce the reliability of the known valve during operation.

4) A significant number of parts of a known pyrovalve increases its cost and can also adversely affect its reliability.

5) The well-known pyrovalve requires additional sealing of the connection points of the inlet pipe (opening element) and the outlet pipe with the main line of the facility in which it is used, which may also impose restrictions on its use in critical systems where increased tightness requirements are imposed, for example, from -for the need to maintain high pressure in the system for a very long time.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed (options), is to create a pyrotechnic valve, providing increased tightness and reliability.

The specified technical result in the first embodiment of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the pyrotechnic valve containing the housing, in which the pyrotechnic actuator and the piston are mounted on the same axis, an opening element located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and sealed with a plug by welding, according to the invention, the opening element is made in in the form of a pipeline, on the outer diameter of which and plugs in the zone of their connection, a groove is made with a depth not less than the value of the elastic bending strain the front end of the plug, which is welded to the pipeline without subsequent heat treatment of the weld zone and is made of the same material as the pipe, the groove is made over most of the length of the plug, and an annular groove is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, the axial arrangement of which provides its combination with an opened pipeline, while the profile area of the annular groove is not less than the area of the pipeline cross section.

The implementation of the opened element in the form of a pipeline allows the valve to be embedded in the main or gas system without any detachable connections, which contributes to its increased tightness (and hence reliability) in the initial state.

The execution on the outer diameter of the pipe and the plug in the zone of their connection of the groove with a depth not less than the elastic deformation of the outer end of the plug, as well as the execution of the groove on most of the length of the plug, provides the greatest bending moment in the connection zone of the plug and the pipeline when interacting with the piston (due to greatest shoulder application of force), that is, increases the reliability of opening the pipeline.

Welding of the plug to the end of the pipeline without subsequent heat treatment of the weld zone and its execution from the same material as the pipeline provides embrittlement of the weld zone while maintaining high tightness and sufficient mechanical strength of the joint of the parts. The embarrassed welding zone, when the piston interacts (when the pyrotechnic drive is triggered) with the plug, is destroyed practically without fluidity of the material of the parts, helping to preserve the bore of the pipeline after its depressurization, ensuring high reliability of valve actuation. The use of welding, for example laser, allows embrittlement of only the local connection zone (weld zone) of the pipeline and plug without any additional labor-intensive and requiring special equipment chemical-thermal processing methods.

The presence on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston of an annular groove with the required profile area and its axial location provides the required quick discharge (equalization) of the pressure of the line and the failure of the destructible elements of the plug in the line without any additional structural elements of the valve, i.e. with a simpler, meaning a more reliable design. The regulated minimum profile area of the annular groove will not create significant additional resistance to the flow of gas or liquid and will actually cause a rapid release (equalization) of pressure, ensuring the reliability of the valve.

Thus, the combination of features of the claims of the pyrotechnic valve according to the first embodiment provides the creation of a valve reliable in operation and having high tightness.

In the second embodiment of the invention, the indicated technical result is achieved in that in the pyrotechnic valve, comprising a housing in which the pyrotechnic drive and piston are mounted on the same axis, an opening element located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and sealed with a plug by welding, according to the invention, the opening element is made in in the form of a pipeline in which a hole with a diameter exceeding the diameter of its internal hole is made from the end face of the plug, while the piston is cut there is an end part of the pipeline in the zone of an enlarged diameter hole with a knife element made on its end with a conical surface with a small cone angle, and an annular groove is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, the axial arrangement of which ensures its alignment with the opened pipeline, while the annular groove profile area does not less than the flow area of the pipeline.

Also, as in the first version of the pyrotechnic valve, the implementation of the element to be opened in the form of a pipeline allows the valve to be embedded in the main or gas system without any detachable connections, which contributes to its increased tightness (hence reliability) in the initial state, and the presence on the external cylindrical surface the piston of the annular groove, with the required area of the profile and its axial location, provides the required quick release (alignment) of pressure of the line and the failure of destructible elements pipeline entrances and plugs to the line without any additional structural elements of the valve, that is, with a simpler, and therefore longer reliable design. The regulated minimum profile area of the annular groove will not create significant additional resistance to the flow of gas or liquid and will actually cause a rapid release (equalization) of pressure, ensuring the reliability of the valve.

In contrast to the first embodiment, the execution in the valve according to the second embodiment from the end of the pipe from the plug side of the hole with a diameter greater than the diameter of the internal hole of the pipeline, and cutting the pipeline in the area of this hole with a knife element made at the end of the piston, reduces the force required to cut the pipeline by the piston , and ensures the preservation of the flow cross-section of the pipeline after its depressurization, since even the modified (decreased due to possible fluidity of the material) flow cross-section at the center and there will be more of the main passage section of the pipeline. That is, the reliability of the valve increases.

The diameter of the hole in the end of the pipeline from the side of the plug is limited to the minimum wall thickness of the pipeline, providing mechanical strength at the highest pressure in the pipeline. Fulfillment of this condition reduces the force required to cut off the pipeline, increasing the reliability of valve operation, while maintaining the integrity of the original (not opened) state of the pipeline.

Requirements for the shape of the cutting part of the knife element in the form of a conical surface with a small cone angle reduces the likelihood of jamming of the pipeline material at the cut point (as a result, reducing its bore) and ensures the integrity of the knife element, which also determines the reliability of the pyrotechnic valve.

From the foregoing, it follows that the pyrotechnic valve in the second embodiment is reliable and sealed.

The pyrotechnic valve according to the first and second variants can be equipped with an additional identical pipeline placed diametrically to the main pipeline in the housing.

This version of the valve (options), if necessary, will provide pressure equalization in two sealed systems (highways) and eliminate the release of pressure (often toxic working media) into the external environment, that is, it will expand the scope of the valve. Diametrical placement of pipelines provides the largest space for their plugs.

The presence in the claimed variants of the invention of the proposed combination of features that significantly distinguish them from the prototype allows us to consider them consistent with the condition of patentability "novelty".

And each of the distinguishing features from the prototype of each option clearly does not follow from the level of the prior art (no solutions having features matching the distinguishing features of the considered variants of the invention have been identified), which is evidence of compliance with their patentability condition "inventive step".

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the pyrotechnic valve (first option) in the initial state (in section).

In FIG. 2 - general view of the pyrotechnic valve (first option) in the actuated state (the pipeline is opened).

In FIG. 3 - pipeline design with a welded plug.

In FIG. 4 - execution of the pyrotechnic valve equipped with an additional identical pipeline.

In FIG. 5 shows a General view of the pyrotechnic valve (second option) in the initial state (in section).

In FIG. 6 is a general view of the pyrotechnic valve (second option) in the actuated state (the pipeline is opened).

In FIG. 7 - pipeline construction in the opening zone.

In FIG. 8 - execution of the pyrotechnic valve, equipped with an additional identical pipeline.

The pyrotechnic valve according to the first embodiment (Fig. 1, 2, 3) consists of a housing 1 installed in it on the same axis of the pyrotechnic actuator 2 and the piston 3. The pyrotechnic actuator 2 is installed in the bore of the housing 1 of a larger diameter, and the piston 3 with a fixed sealing sleeve 4 - at its end facing the pyrotechnic drive 2, are placed in the hole of the housing 1 of smaller diameter. At least in the upper part of the cuff 4 is installed in the hole of a smaller diameter of the housing 1 by press fit. The sealing collar 4 prevents the breakthrough of gases from the high-pressure zone created when the pyrotechnic actuator 2 is activated.

In the transverse hole of the housing 1 is installed perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston 3, the element to be opened is the pipe 5. The end of the pipe 5 is sealed with a plug 6 by welding, for example laser. The weld zone is not heat treated, that is, it remains embrittled. The plug 6 is made of the same material as the pipe 5 (for example, steel 12X18H10T). The flange 7 installed in the end hole of the housing 1 restricts the movement of the piston 3 and eliminates the departure of the separated plug 6 from the inner cavity of the valve when it is triggered. An annular groove 8 is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston 3, the axial location of which ensures its alignment with the opened pipeline 5. The dimensions of the annular groove 8 (depth, width) ensure a guaranteed excess of its profile area over the passage section area of the pipeline 5 to eliminate significant additional pneumatic or hydraulic resistance to the flow of gas or liquid, respectively. With an internal diameter of the pipeline, for example ∅1 mm, the annular groove 8 can be made 0.3 mm deep and 6 mm long. Radial holes 9, made in the housing 1, are designed to relieve pressure from the pipeline 5 through the annular groove 8 in the housing 1 when the valve is activated. The sealing of the pyrotechnic drive 2 is carried out by a deformable gasket 10 made of ductile metal with a sufficient melting temperature, for example, copper, which excludes the burning of the gasket 10 (hence, leakage) from high-temperature gases when the pyrotechnic drive 2 is triggered.

When the valve is actuated, the piston 3 is moved by a pyrotechnic actuator 2 mounted in the thread housing 1.

In the welded area of the pipeline 5 and the plug 6, a groove 11 is made on their outer diameter for the greater part of the length of the plug 6 with a depth not less than the amount of elastic deformation of the bend of the outer end of the plug 6 on the pipe 5 when the piston 3 is moved. The groove 11 provides the greatest bending moment in the zone the connection of the plug and the pipeline when interacting with the piston (due to the largest shoulder of the application of force), that is, it increases the reliability of opening the pipeline during its depressurization. In this case, the weld does not protrude beyond the outer diameter of the pipeline 5, that is, does not prevent the installation of the pipeline 5 in the bore hole of the housing 1.

The minimum depth of the groove 11 may be 0.1 mm.

The pyrotechnic valve operates as follows.

When the pyrotechnic actuator 2 is activated by the created gas pressure, the piston 3 moves and interacts with the plug 6, creating bending stresses in the welding zone, which leads to the destruction of the weld practically without fluidity of the material of the welded parts (pipeline and plug), that is, without reducing the bore of the pipe 5. Through the annular groove 8 on the piston 3 and the holes 9 in the housing 1, the pressure from the pipeline 5 is released into the external environment (Fig. 2). The cross-sectional area of the annular groove 8 does not introduce significant resistance to the flow of the working fluid in the line (gas or liquid), that is, it helps to reduce the pressure relief time. The annular groove 8 also eliminates the influence of a possible turn of the piston 3 on the throughput of the actuated valve.

The inventive valve according to the first embodiment will also provide, if necessary, equalization of pressure in two identical pipelines (Fig. 4). The execution of the valve with such a technical solution will provide equalization of pressure in two volumes and exclude the release of pressure (often toxic working media) into the external environment, that is, it will expand the scope of the valve. To do this, it is enough to equip the valve with two diametrically placed pipelines 5, at the end of each of which a plug 6 is welded. In this case, the radial holes 9 in the housing 1 are not satisfied, and the pressure in the external environment is not released. Diametrical placement of pipelines 5 provides the longest plugs 6 and, as a result, the largest shoulder of application of bending moment when interacting with the piston 3. When the pyrotechnic valve is actuated, the pipelines 5 communicate through an annular groove 8 made on the piston 3. At the same time, the piston 3 ( the location of the annular groove 8) eliminates the entry of elements of the cut-off plugs 6 into the pressure channels without any additional structural elements of the valve.

The pyrotechnic valve according to the second embodiment (Fig. 5, 6, 7) consists of a housing 1, mounted in it on the same axis of the pyrotechnic actuator 2 and the piston 3. The pyrotechnic actuator 2 is installed in the bore of the housing 1 of a larger diameter, and the piston 3 with a fixed sealing sleeve 4 at its end facing the pyrotechnic drive 2, are placed in the hole of the housing 1 of smaller diameter. At least in the upper part of the cuff 4 is installed in the hole of a smaller diameter of the housing 1 by press fit. The sealing collar 4 prevents the breakthrough of gases from the high-pressure zone created when the pyrotechnic actuator 2 is activated.

In the transverse hole of the housing 1 is installed perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston 3, the element to be opened is the pipe 5. The end of the pipe 5 is sealed with a plug 6 by welding, for example laser. The flange 7, mounted in the end hole of the housing 1, limits the movement of the piston 3 and eliminates the departure of the cut-off plug 6 from the internal cavity of the valve when it is triggered. An annular groove 8 is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston 3, the axial location of which ensures its alignment with the opened pipeline 5. The dimensions of the annular groove 8 (depth, width) ensure a guaranteed excess of its profile area over the passage section area of the pipeline 5 to eliminate significant additional pneumatic or hydraulic resistance to gas or liquid flow, respectively. With an internal diameter of the pipeline d, for example, ∅ 1 mm, the annular groove 8 can be made 0.3 mm deep and 6 mm long (as in the first version of the valve). Radial holes 9, made in the housing 1, are designed to relieve pressure from the pipeline 5 through the annular groove 8 in the housing 1 when the valve is activated. The sealing of the pyrotechnic drive 2 is carried out by a deformable gasket 10 made of ductile metal with a sufficient melting point, for example, copper, which excludes the burning of the gasket 10 from high-temperature gases when the pyrotechnic drive 2 is triggered.

When the valve is actuated, the piston 3 is moved by a pyrotechnic actuator 2 mounted in the thread housing 1.

The piston 3 on the end part from the side of the pipeline 5 is equipped with a knife element 12 with a conical surface with a small cone angle f , the minimum value of which is determined by the conditions for maintaining the mechanical strength of the knife element 12 when cutting the pipeline 5 (pipeline walls). With small values of the angle φ , the probability of jamming of the pipeline 5 at the place of its cut by the knife element 12 of the piston 3 (hence, reducing the flow area) is significantly reduced even at low velocities of the latter. With a wide temperature range of operation of the pyrotechnic valve, the dispersion of these speeds (due to the inevitable dependence of the energy of the pyrotechnic compositions of the pyrotechnic drive on temperature) can be significant. The value of the angle φ, for example, can be 10 ... 20 °.

From the end of the pipeline 5 (Fig. 7) from the side of the plug 6, a hole 13 is made with a diameter D exceeding the diameter d of its inner hole. When making the hole 13, the minimum wall thickness of the pipeline t _min = (D _min -d _max ) / 2 should provide mechanical strength (not collapse) at the highest pressure in the pipeline. The size of the pipe wall, for example, may be 0.3 mm. At the indicated wall thickness, along with the mechanical strength, the required manufacturability of the weld of the sealing plug 6 at the end of the pipeline 5 is ensured. The minimum depth of the hole 13 should ensure that the pipe 5 is cut off in the area of this hole taking into account the tolerances for installing the pipe 5 in the housing 1.

The safety valve operates as follows.

When the pyrotechnic drive 2 is activated by gas pressure, the piston 3 moves all the way into the flange 7. The sealing collar 4 mounted on the piston 3 prevents the breakthrough of gases from the high-pressure zone created when the pyrotechnic drive 2 is activated.

When moving the piston 3 with a knife element 12 cuts off the end of the pipe 5 in the area of the hole 13, while a possible decrease in the bore at the cut point due to the fluidity of the material is compensated by the increased diameter of the hole 13, that is, the effective bore of the pipe 5 is not reduced. Through the annular groove 8 on the piston 3 and the holes 9 in the housing 1, the pressure from the pipeline 5 is released into the external environment (Fig. 5). A sufficient cross-sectional area of the annular groove 8 does not introduce significant resistance to the flow of the working fluid in the line (gas or liquid), that is, it helps to reduce the time of pressure relief. The annular groove 8 also eliminates the influence of a possible turn of the piston 3 on the flow rate when the valve is activated.

The inventive valve according to the second embodiment will also provide, if necessary, equalization of pressure in two identical pipelines (Fig. 8). The execution of the valve with such a technical solution will provide equalization of pressure in two volumes and exclude the release of pressure (often toxic working media) into the external environment, that is, it will expand the scope of the valve. To do this, it is enough to equip the valve with two diametrically placed pipelines 5, at the end of each of which a plug 6 is welded. In this case, the radial holes 9 in the housing 1 are not satisfied, and the pressure in the external environment is not released. Diametrical placement of pipelines 5 provides the greatest space for plugs 6. When the pyrotechnic valve is actuated, pipelines 5 communicate through an annular groove 8 made on the piston 3. Moreover, the design of the piston 3 (the location of the annular groove 8) eliminates the elements of the cut-off plugs 6 in the pressure channels without any additional valve components.

In this way. when using the inventive pyrotechnic valve (options) provides increased tightness and reliability of its operation.

The above information indicates the fulfillment of the following set of conditions when using the claimed invention (options):

- a tool embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is intended for use in systems of liquid and gas pipelines for critical purposes;

- for the claimed device in the form as described in the independent claims, the possibility of its implementation is confirmed;

- a tool embodying the claimed invention in the implementation, is able to provide increased tightness and reliability, as well as high adaptability of design and installation on the object of use.

Therefore, the claimed invention (options) meets the condition of patentability "industrial applicability".

Claims (3)

1. Pyrotechnic valve, comprising a housing in which a pyrotechnic actuator and a piston are installed on one axis, an opening element located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and sealed with a plug by welding, characterized in that the opening element is made in the form of a pipeline, on the outer diameter of which plugs in the zone of their connection, a groove is made with a depth not less than the amount of elastic deformation of the bend of the outer end of the plug, which is welded to the pipeline without subsequent thermal the weld zone is made of the same material as the pipeline, and the groove is made on most of the plug length, and an annular groove is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, the axial arrangement of which ensures its alignment with the opened pipeline, while the annular profile area grooves are not less than the area of the passage section of the pipeline. 2. Pyrotechnic valve, comprising a housing in which a pyrotechnic actuator and a piston are installed on one axis, an opening element located perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston and sealed with a plug by welding, characterized in that the opening element is made in the form of a pipe in which the side of the plug is made a hole with a diameter exceeding the diameter of its inner hole, while the piston cuts off the end of the pipeline in the area of the hole of increased diameter made on its end face is made with a knife element with a conical surface with a small cone angle, and an annular groove is made on the outer cylindrical surface of the piston, the axial location of which ensures its alignment with the opened pipeline, while the profile area of the annular groove is not less than the area of the pipeline cross section. 3. The pyrotechnic valve according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is provided with an additional pipeline placed diametrically in the body and identical to the main pipeline.

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