RU2537298C1 - Oil sludge processing unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: oil sludge processing unit includes interconnected a unit for input raw material processing, a unit for discharge of final products, which is connected to the final product cooling unit as well as holding tanks for the final product and unsplitted products of thermal cracking. The unit is distinctive in that the unit for input raw material processing is made of three interconnected diaphragms with different diameter of cross-section and a spherical sphere installed at their output and a metal ball installed in it, and the unit for discharge of final products consists of a preparation unit, absorbing filters, a catalytic reactor, a source of water vapour, at that the preparation unit is made as a horizontal torus with fins installed in it in parallel with lateral sides within the whole length of the case, which input is connected to the unit for input raw material processing and the source of water vapour and output is connected to absorbing filters consisting of a case, a cast iron and ceramic filler placed in layers one by one and under their bottom there are thermostatic jackets, outputs of the absorbing filters are connected to opposed inputs of the catalytic reactor, which is connected to the source of water vapour.

EFFECT: expanding assortment of the units for oil sludge processing.

7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a technology for the processing of oil sludge and viscous oil, which are formed during long-term storage in barns, lakes, evaporators, at the enterprises of petroleum products supply. The invention is directed to the creation of a technological installation for the processing of oil sludge and viscous oil in any climatic conditions at ambient temperature from -50 to + 45 ° C.

A known installation for the implementation of catalytic cracking of petroleum products, which contains interconnected device for processing the feedstock, a device for separating the final products, communicated in turn with a device for cooling and condensation of the final product and with a device for the separation of hydrocarbon gases (see Rudin M. G., Drabkin AE A brief guide to the oil refinery. L .: Chemistry, 1980, p. 70-73).

The specified installation is very cumbersome, difficult to maintain and does not allow to intensify the chemical-technological processes with processed raw materials.

A known installation for the thermal processing of heavy oily fractions, including interconnected device for processing feedstock, including a working capacity for feedstock, a device for separating the final products, consisting of a device for separating the processed raw materials and devices for cooling and condensation of the final product, as well as storage tanks for the final product and undigested thermal cracking products. The device for processing the feedstock further comprises an acoustic oscillation generator and emitter and an electromagnetic oscillation generator associated with the working capacity, which is electrically connected to a radiating antenna located in the working capacity for the feedstock, made in the form of two radiating loops placed in a cylindrical housing, each of which consists of from a number of transverse, parallel perforated metal plates rigidly fixed to the wall of the housing. In this case, the contours are made of metal with different electronegativity, and the plates of one of the circuits are placed between the plates of another circuit, the case of the specified emitter is made of a dielectric material with the piezoelectric effect, and the device for isolating the final products is made in the form of a cracking boiler for the products of exposure associated with a reflux condenser a distiller, the output of which is communicated with storage tanks for the finished product and undigested cracking products (patent RU 2215775, IPC C10G 15/00, B01J 19/08, B0 1J 19/10, B01J 19/12, published on 10/10/2008).

The disadvantage of this device is the use of acoustic and electromagnetic generators, which do not have a serious impact on hydrocarbons.

A known installation for thermal cracking of heavy oil residues, comprising a furnace for heating the feedstock to the required temperature, a remote reactor, a cracking product separation unit, connected to the remote reactor by liquid and gaseous product supply lines. The installation is additionally equipped with a preheating unit for the feedstock, connected to the injector-mixer with compressed air by a feed line for all or part of the heated feedstock, the outlet of which is connected to the output line of the remaining heated feedstock from its heating unit and with a gas-liquid separator for separating the exhaust air from the activated heavy the oil residue removed from the bottom of the separator and fed to the inlet of the furnace to heat to the desired temperature (patent RU No. 2232789, IPC C10G 9/00 from 07.20.2004).

The disadvantage of this installation is the formation of peroxides in the feed before feeding the feed to the furnace for heating. At the same time, a significant part of peroxides is destroyed in the heating furnace, which reduces the efficiency of the subsequent cracking process. In addition, the presence of peroxides in the heating furnace increases the likelihood of coke formation, at least in areas of local overheating.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a plant for the processing of heavy oil residues, containing interconnected pipelines a source of feedstock, a furnace for heating the feedstock, a source of compressed air, a remote thermal cracking reactor and a separation unit for light cracking products, the source of compressed air connected to a thermal cracking reactor. A compressed air heater is placed between the compressed air source and the thermal cracking reactor, and the thermal cracking reactor is additionally connected to the quenching apparatus and / or stripper (RU 2335525, IPC C10G 9/00, publ. 10.10.2008).

The disadvantage of this device is the insignificant yield of light fractions during the processing of heavy oil residues, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of the installation.

The task of the invention is to increase the yield of light fractions in the processing of heavy oil residues.

The problem is solved in that the installation for the processing of oil sludge includes interconnected device for processing the feedstock, a device for separating the final products connected to the device for cooling and condensation of the final product, as well as storage tanks for the final product and undigested thermal cracking products. The device for processing the feedstock is made of three interconnected diaphragms with different cross-sectional diameters, at the output of which there is a hollow ball in which a metal ball is fixed.

This embodiment provides mechanical destruction of the feedstock due to the creation of high pressure and the transition of potential energy to kinetic energy, as a result of which the coagulating masses of the feedstock are destroyed and become finely dispersed, the fluidity and pumpability of the feedstock increases.

A device for isolating the final products consists of a preparation unit, filter adsorbers, a catalytic reactor, a source of water vapor

The preparation unit is made in the form of a horizontal torus located, inside of which ribs are installed, parallel to the side walls, along the entire length of the housing, the input of which is connected to the device for processing the feedstock and the source of water vapor, and the output is with adsorber filters.

The implementation of the preparation unit in the form of a horizontal torus located rotates the liquid in a circle and, by feeding new portions to a heated medium with a higher temperature, helps to achieve greater evaporation.

The limitation of the preparation unit with ribs installed parallel to the side walls along the entire length of the housing made it possible to solve the temperature problem, since the ribs placed in the preparation unit significantly increase the thermal effect on the liquid. The bottom of the preparation unit is heated while the ribs are heated. The temperature field of the bottom increases significantly due to the ribs, which allows us to talk about uniform temperature equalization and a reduction in the time for reaching the operating mode. The walls of the ribs, in addition, play the role of a quencher when boiling oil, since they reduce the molecular adhesion of the liquid to the surface. Spreading the liquid along the bottom of the torus in the form of thin films during fractional feeding can reduce the energy consumption for the work on its evaporation, which significantly increases the productivity of the process.

Adsorption filters consist of a housing, cast iron and ceramic filler, arranged in layers one after another. Thermostatic shirts are located under the bottom of the filter adsorbers; the outputs of the filter adsorbers are connected to the oppositely directed inputs of the catalytic reactor.

Under the influence of a temperature of about 400 ° C and a layer of acid ceramics with cast iron filler, the vapor-gas phase in the adsorber filter is purified from sulfur components, thereby reducing the harmful effects and poisoning of the catalyst in the catalytic reactor

Due to the supply of the vapor-gas phase from the adsorber filters to the catalytic reactor towards each other, and the water vapor against the movement of the vapor-gas phase, the effect of a cyclone or vortex is created, it is just hardening of the vapor-gas phase, which makes it much easier to separate it into the light and heavy parts.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 - installation diagram for the processing of oil sludge,

figure 2 is a flow diagram of a plant for the processing of oil sludge,

figure 3 - a device for processing feedstock CSS,

figure 4 - block preparation BT,

5 is a section along aa in figure 4,

6 - filter adsorber F,

7 - catalytic reactor B.

The oil sludge treatment plant is a modular structure located in a metal container and is installed in an open area.

After installing the container with the equipment at the place of operation, the equipment is connected to the storage tanks of raw materials. All equipment is placed in an insulated container.

The sludge treatment plant consists of two containers and includes: a control module, a sludge processing plant, and tank equipment.

Containers are installed on the prepared site, where installation work is carried out to connect all nodes using pipelines.

The control module is equipped with electrical panels, switching units, video surveillance, which are designed to control and monitor the progress of the process in the plant for processing sludge.

The tank equipment is divided into a raw material park and a petroleum product park. Pumping in parks is carried out by aggregated pumps.

A plant for oil sludge processing contains tanks E1, E2 for supplying raw materials, E3, E4 for supplying water, a device for processing feedstock US, a preparation unit BT, filter adsorbers (F), a catalytic reactor B, heat exchangers T ₁ T ₂ T ₃ Т ₄ Т ₅ , three-phase separators СП, ПГ - steam generator for steam supply.

A device for processing feedstock (CSS) consists of three interconnected diaphragms 1 with different cross-sectional diameters, at the output of which a hollow ball 2 is mounted, in which a metal ball 3 is fixed. In the center of the hollow ball there is a pipe 4 for liquid exit.

The BT preparation unit with a design pressure of less than 0.7 kg / cm ² and a wall temperature of less than 360 ° C is used for circulating low-temperature cracking; the working medium is a steam-hydrocarbon mixture.

The BT preparation unit contains a housing 5 made in the form of a horizontal torus, an outlet pipe 6, an inlet pipe 7, an overflow pipe 8. Inside the casing 5, ribs 9 are installed parallel to the side walls along the entire length of the casing. Above the ribs 9 is a plate 10 with glasses 11.

The filter adsorber (F) with a design pressure of less than 0.7 kg / cm ² and a wall temperature of less than 400 ° C is used to clean a carbon-vapor mixture of gases, mix with a hydrogen-containing gas and heat the entire gas mixture to a temperature of 400 ° C, the working medium is steam-hydrocarbon mixture.

The filter adsorber (F) consists of a housing 12, a cover 13, an inlet pipe 14, cast iron 15 and a ceramic filler 16, arranged in layers one after another, an outlet pipe 17, under the bottom there is a thermostatic shirt 18.

Catalytic reactor B with a design pressure of less than 0.7 kg / cm ² and a wall temperature of less than 200 ° C is used for catalytic rectification and separation of hydrocarbons into fractions by density, the working medium is a steam-hydrocarbon mixture.

Catalytic reactor B is a cylindrical body 19, consisting of five sections. In each section, there are installed: a catalyst 20, a plate 21 with glasses 22. In the middle part of the reactor, two opposite inlet pipes 23 are installed. The output pipes 24 are installed in each section.

Oil sludge treatment plant operation

The processing of raw materials proceeds with the continuous supply of water vapor to the BT preparation unit and the distillation column of the catalytic reactor B. Steam must be supplied before starting work to the distillation column of the catalytic reactor B to warm the installation and displace air (oxygen content should not exceed 1% vol.).

Raw materials (fuel oil, oil sludge), preheated to 90 °, are fed into a container E ₁ , from where a pump under pressure passes through the diaphragm 1 of the device for processing the feedstock to the hollow ball 2 and hits a metal ball 3, due to the creation of high pressure and The transition of potential energy into kinetic occurs mechanical destruction of the liquid. At the operator’s command, the raw materials circulate from the E1 tank to the E2 tank and vice versa for the necessary time to increase the fluid mobility (decrease in density), as a result of which the coagulating masses of the feed are destroyed and become finely dispersed, fluidity and pumpability of the fluid increase.

Raw materials thus prepared by gravity in fractional portions enter a thin layer through the inlet pipe 7 on the bottom of the BT preparation unit, where it is heated to a temperature of 320-340 degrees in the space between the ribs 9. At the same time, steam is supplied to the BT preparation unit.

The task of the BT preparation unit is to vaporize oil sludge to produce working gas. By rotating the liquid in a circle and feeding new portions to a heated medium with a higher temperature, they achieve greater evaporation. The flow of raw materials supplied to the BT preparation unit is controlled by a liquid dispenser and regulated by a solenoid valve.

The limitation of the BT preparation unit with ribs 9 installed parallel to the side walls along the entire length of the casing made it possible to solve the temperature problem, since the ribs 9 placed in the BT preparation unit significantly increase the thermal effect on the liquid. The heating of the bottom of the BT preparation unit is performed with the heating of the ribs 9. The temperature field of the bottom increases significantly due to the ribs 9, and the limitation of the BT preparation unit in height by the plate 10 allows us to speak of uniform temperature equalization and a reduction in the time for operating mode. The walls of the ribs 9, in addition, play the role of a kind of quencher when boiling oil, since they reduce the molecular adhesion of the liquid to the surface. The spreading of liquid along the bottom of the torus in the form of thin films during fractional feeding allows to reduce the energy consumption for the work on its evaporation and significantly increases the productivity of the process.

The vapor-gas phase from the BT preparation unit through the outlet pipes 6 enters through the inlet pipes 14 to the filter adsorbers (Ф), where, passing through a layer of cast iron filler 15 and ceramic filler 16, it is purified from sulfur components under the influence of a temperature of about 400 °, than Reduces the harmful effects and poisoning of the catalyst in the catalytic reactor.

The purified vapor-gas phase from the filter adsorbers (Ф) through the outlet pipes 17 enters through two opposite opposite inlet pipes 23 into the distillation column of the catalytic reactor B from two opposite sides, and water vapor is supplied against the movement of the vapor-gas phase, to which hydrogen-containing gas is additionally supplied, while the effect of a cyclone or vortex is created, due to which quenching occurs and light hydrocarbon fractions rush up, and heavy ones down. The temperature in catalytic reactor B is 200 ° C.

The light hydrocarbon fractions rise to the upper sections of the catalytic reactor B, and the heavier ones fall to the lower sections of the catalytic reactor B, which, reacting with the catalyst, are deposited on the plates 21, from where they flow by gravity into the heat exchangers T ₁ T ₂ T ₃ T ₄ T ₅ that cool the liquid phase, and with the help of a separator the joint venture separates into phases: gas, water and oil products. Oil products are drained by gravity into different containers: water is supplied to replenish water tanks, and unreacted WASH is returned to the process. Before loading into the tanks, the oil product is passed through fine filters for final dehydration. Drainage effluents are not formed during operation of the installation.

Oil sludge (oil) is transported by road and discharged into a raw material tank. The level in the tank is controlled by a level gauge, the temperature of the product in the tank is controlled by a thermocouple. The main means of protecting the environment from the harmful effects of petroleum products is the use of pressurized equipment in the installation process for the processing of heavy oil residues. The number of detachable connections is minimized. The technology for the production of petroleum products in a plant for the processing of heavy oil residues eliminates liquid emissions, and therefore their harmful effects on the environment. Recycled water, immersion and contact heat exchangers, cooling towers, flare pipes, which are usually sources of environmental pollution, are not used in the installation technology. The resulting combustible gases are involved in the process. To prevent the release of sulfur dioxide, the formation of unpleasant odors and the blooming of sublayer water, bleach is added to the drainage tank in the form of a 15% solution, which is introduced through the inspection hatch. When filling the drainage tank, the effluents are pumped as recycled water for the cooling system of the installation.

Petroleum products produced in a plant for processing heavy oil residues do not have the ability to form toxic compounds in air and waste water in the presence of other substances or factors at ambient temperature. In the production, storage and use of petroleum products, measures are envisaged to prevent them from falling into household and storm sewage systems, as well as into open water bodies.

Claims (1)

Installation for the processing of oil sludge, including interconnected device for processing raw materials, a device for separating final products connected to a device for cooling and condensation of the final product, as well as storage tanks for the final product and undigested products of thermal cracking, characterized in that the device for processing the feedstock is made of three interconnected diaphragms with different cross-sectional diameters, at the output of which there is a hollow ball in which is fixed a metal ball, and the device for isolating the final products consists of a preparation unit, filter adsorbers, a catalytic reactor, a source of water vapor, and the preparation unit is made in the form of a horizontal torus located inside which ribs are installed, parallel to the side walls, along the entire length of the housing, which is connected to a device for processing feedstock and a source of water vapor, and the output with adsorber filters, consisting of a housing, cast iron and ceramic filler, located in layers and one after another, under the bottom of which thermostatic shirts are located, the outputs of the filter adsorbers are connected to oppositely directed inputs of the catalytic reactor, which is connected to a source of water vapor.

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