RU2524762C1 - Pneumatic system for ship with air cavities at bottom - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.SUBSTANCE: ship is equipped with movable cavity-forming elements lengthwise limiting keels of the left and right boards, lengthwise intermediate keels arranged between lengthwise limiting keels of the left and right boards located parallel with ship centreline plane to make lateral and central sections, and cavitators located at ship bottom perpendicular to ship centreline plane and composed of inclined plates. Cavity-forming elements are equipped with air drives to open to working position and to be folded. Pneumatic two-line system can feed air separately from single compressed air source to said first and second lines. First line can feed compressed air via pipes to air drives, keep up operating pressure automatically at required level, and evacuate air from air drives in atmosphere via drain line. Second circuit feeds compressed air via pipeline and bottom Kingston valves to lateral and central sections and cavitators to maintain air cavities under ship bottom. Single compressed air source ensures preset air efficiency and pressure required for making and supporting the cavities.EFFECT: enhanced operating performances, higher safety.3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and for the design of a pneumatic system for creating air cavities on the bottom of a displacement vessel in order to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the vessel.

Known high-speed vessels with a bottom air cover, RU No. 2116219 C1, BV 1/38, 07/27/1998; RU No. 2041116 C1, B63B 1/38, 08/09/1995.

In known high-speed vessels, the bottom air cavity is in communication with the turbocharger of the main internal combustion engine.

Known vessels with an air cover on the bottom for shallow water areas, each consisting of a hull with an air cover on the bottom, power plant and propulsion system, RU No. 2387569 C2, B63B 1/38, 04/27/2010; RU No. 2381131 C1, B63B 1/38, 02/10/2010; RU No. 2263602 C2, B63B 1 / 38.10.11.2005; RU No. 2172271 C1, B63B 1/38, 08.20.2001; RU No. 2047534 C1, B63B 1/38, 11/10/1995.

Famous ships are made with a propulsion system in the form of water cannons.

A known air or gas supply system for the formation of artificial gas caverns of a high-speed vessel with gas caverns and one or more water-jet propulsion devices, each of which has a cowl fairing, RU No. 2139807 C1, B63B 1/38, 10/20/1999.

The known formation of artificial gas caverns of a high-speed vessel is determined by its design, namely, the bottom sections located on both sides of the fairings of the water intakes near their end part are made with negative or reverse keeving of the frames, the gas from the cavity fills the formed niche, the cavity closure boundary on the bottom surface is shifted closer to the transom of the vessel, and the bottom area covered by the cavity increases and the efficiency of the gas cavity increases.

The MERCURY high-speed marine boat is known on an air cavity created by supplying air with excess pressure to a predetermined space under the bottom of the vessel and held there by special profiling of the bottom contours, which reduces the resistance to movement of the vessel, www.khabexport.com/index.php? name = export_cat & op..id.

Aircraft in the air cavity are known as the passenger boat SVK-10, passenger vessels SVK-20, SVK-30, SVK-40, SVK-150, SVK-400, high-speed service boat Strizh, Ataman yacht, sea high-speed container ship, www.shiprprnn.ru/seabull.php.

A device is known to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of a vessel, which contains a mixer for generating a working medium, openings or slots with a cowl around the perimeter of the underwater hull, combined into autonomous sections (bottom, side, deck, protruding hulls), each section has its own section header and section pipe with a metering device, wherein the sectional pipelines are connected to a common pipeline connected to the outlet of the mixer, RU No. 2303550 C1, B63B 1/00, 07.27.2007.

In the known device, a transonic jet apparatus is used as a mixer, and the working medium — in the form of a homogeneous two-phase gas-water or steam-water mixture generated in the mixer — contains a fraction of gas (air, steam) from 20 to 90%.

Known hull of a vessel of a tunnel type, containing a surface hull and an underwater hull having a bottom with a longitudinal horseshoe-shaped in cross section of a tunnel extending along the entire hull of the vessel, and curved sides below the structural waterline, converging to the bow, while the longitudinal tunnel is located below the structural waterline with a profile sections of the underwater hull along the structural waterline having a maximum width in the stern area, RU№2456196 C1, В63В 1/38, В63В 1/00, 20.07.2012.

Known vessels with bottom air cavities have an individual design, determined by the type of vessel, its power plant, compressed air source and elements of cavity formation, and there are no air supply systems for cavity formation and technical options for the possible operation of pneumatic systems.

A displacement vessel with air caverns on the bottom is known, equipped with movable cavity-forming elements consisting of longitudinal bounding keels of the right and left sides, longitudinal intermediate keels installed between the longitudinal bounding side keels located parallel to the ship’s diametrical plane and forming longitudinal side and center sections, and cavitators located on the bottom perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel and made in the form of inclined plates, and ennymi pneumodrives intended for disclosure to the working position and folding cavitators restrictive and longitudinal board and intermediate fins comprising a compressed air source and the pipes, RU №2461489 C2 V63V 1/38, 20.09.2012.

This technical solution is made as the closest analogue of the present invention.

All movable cover-forming elements of the closest analogue are made with the possibility of their opening and folding on the bottom by rotation around their axes, however, there is no functional system for supplying compressed air to create, maintain, and folding cover-forming elements.

Constructive execution of the closest analogue vessel in the absence of a pneumatic system and its significance in the process of cavity formation are not disclosed and this does not allow us to evaluate the operational quality of the vessel.

The present invention is based on the solution of the problem, which allows to increase the operational qualities of the vessel and the efficiency of controlling the compressed air supply system, expand the functionality of the pneumatic system, improve the cavity formation process and ensure the safety of the pneumatic system.

The technical result of the present invention consists in the implementation of a dual-circuit pneumatic system, in a separate supply of air through a pressure pipe from a single source of compressed air to the first and second circuits, in the operation of the first circuit - the supply of compressed air to pneumatic actuators, maintaining the operating pressure in automatic mode when it drops below permissible values and evacuation of air from pneumatic drives into the atmosphere through a drainage pipe, in the operation of the second circuit - compressed air supply for creating and maintaining air cavities under the bottom of the vessel, in supplying the primary circuit with a valve with a remote control actuator, a pressure sensor and pneumatic actuators for opening and folding cavitators and longitudinal keels, a valve with a remote control actuator in the drainage pipeline, in supplying the second circuit with a valve with remote control drive, compressed air supply pipe to the longitudinal side and central sections to cavitators, bottom kingstones and non-return valves valves, in the installation on the suction pipe of the valve with a remote control actuator.

According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the pneumatic system for a vessel with air cavities on the bottom includes a source of compressed air and pipelines.

The vessel is equipped with movable cover-forming elements, consisting of longitudinal bounding keels of the right and left sides, longitudinal intermediate keels installed between the longitudinal bounding side keels located parallel to the ship’s diametrical plane and forming longitudinal side and central sections.

The vessel is equipped with movable cover-forming elements, consisting of cavitators located on the bottom perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel and made in the form of inclined plates,

The vessel is equipped with movable cover-forming elements equipped with pneumatic actuators designed to open and fold cavitators and longitudinal limiting side and intermediate keels.

The pneumatic system is double-circuit; it has the possibility of separate air supply from a single source of compressed air through a pressure pipe to the first and second circuits.

A single source of compressed air is connected to the suction pipe through a valve with a remote control actuator mounted on it.

The primary circuit is equipped with a valve with a remote control actuator and a pressure sensor, it has the ability to supply compressed air through pipelines to the pneumatic actuators by means of shut-off valves, in addition to automatically maintain the operating pressure when it drops below the permissible value by means of a pressure sensor, and evacuates the air from the pneumatic actuators to the atmosphere through the drain pipeline through a valve with a remote control actuator, the operating position "open" which corresponds to the position "z open ”valve with remote control mounted on the suction pipe.

The second circuit is equipped with a valve with a remote control actuator, it has the ability to supply compressed air through the pipeline through the bottom kingstones to the longitudinal side and central sections to the cavitators to create and maintain air cavities under the bottom of the vessel.

At the same time, a single source of compressed air has the ability to provide calculated values of productivity and air pressure sufficient to create and maintain caverns.

In addition, non-return-shut-off valves are installed on the secondary air supply pipe and on the pressure pipe to prevent overboard water from flowing through the bottom kingstones to the compressed air source.

In addition, the bottom kingstones are communicated via non-return valves with a water supply pipe to flush them from possible contaminants.

The applicant has not identified sources containing information about technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention (in conjunction with the features indicated in the restrictive part of the formula), important new properties of the object are achieved.

The implementation of a dual-circuit pneumatic system with separate air supply from a single source of compressed air through a pressure pipe to the first and second circuits improves the performance of the vessel.

The implementation of the first circuit for supplying compressed air to the pneumatic actuators, maintaining the operating pressure in automatic mode and evacuating the air from the pneumatic actuators to the atmosphere, and the second circuit for supplying compressed air to the cavitators to create and maintain air cavities under the bottom of the vessel expands the functionality of the pneumatic system.

Providing the primary circuit with a valve with a remote control actuator, a pressure sensor, pneumatic actuators and a valve with a remote control actuator in the drainage pipeline increases the efficiency of controlling the compressed air supply system and improves the performance of the vessel.

Providing a secondary circuit with a valve with a remote control actuator, a compressed air supply pipe to the longitudinal side and central sections to the cavitators, bottom kingstones and non-return valves will improve the cavern formation process and increase the operational quality of the vessel.

The presence in the first circuit of a valve with a remote control actuator, a pressure sensor, a valve with a remote control actuator in the drainage pipe, and in the second circuit of a valve with a remote control actuator, a section for compressed air supply, bottom kingstons, non-return valves to prevent outboard water to a source of compressed air, non-return valves on the water supply pipe for flushing bottom kingstones from possible contaminants, as well as the presence of a valve with ivodom remote control on the intake manifold ensures the safety at work of pneumatic control and boosts the efficiency of the compressed air supply system.

The applicant is not aware of any publications that would contain information on the influence of the distinguishing features of the invention on the achieved technical result. In this regard, according to the applicant, it can be concluded that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 is a diagram of a pneumatic system and pneumatic actuators of cavity-forming elements;

figure 2 - node a in figure 1;

figure 3 - arrangement of cover-forming keels and cavitators.

The drawings show:

Vessel - 1,

bottom (of vessel 1) - 2.

Moving cover-forming elements (vessel 1) - 3,

longitudinal limiting keel of the starboard side (elements 3) - 4,

longitudinal limiting keel of the left side (elements 3) - 5,

longitudinal intermediate keel (on the starboard side of elements 3) - 6,

longitudinal intermediate keel (on the starboard side of the elements 3) - 7,

cavitators in the form of inclined plates (elements 3) - 8,

the longitudinal section of the starboard side (between keels 4 and 6) - 9,

the longitudinal section of the port side (between keels 5 and 7) - 10,

longitudinal central section (between keels 6 and 7) - 11.

The source of compressed air is 12.

Suction pipe - 13,

valve with remote control actuator (on pipeline 13) - 14.

Pressure pipeline - 15,

non-return valve (on the pipeline 15) - 16.

Pneumatic system - double-circuit - 17.

The first circuit (system 17) - 18,

a valve with a remote control actuator (circuit 18) - 19,

pressure sensor (circuit 18) - 20,

pipelines for supplying compressed air to pneumatic actuators (circuit 18) - 21,

shut-off valves in the form of blocks on the starboard side (circuit 18) - 22,

shut-off valves in the form of blocks on the port side (circuit 18) - 23.

The drainage pipeline - 24,

valve with remote control actuator (on pipeline 24) - 25.

The second circuit (system 17) - 26,

a valve with a remote control actuator (circuit 26) - 27,

pipelines for compressed air supply (circuit 26) - 28,

non-return valves (on the pipe 28) - 29,

Bottom kingstones (contour 26) - 30.

Flushing water supply pipeline (Kingston 30) - 31,

non-return valves (on the pipe 31) - 32.

The pneumatic system 17 for the vessel 1 with air cavities on the bottom 2 is double-circuit and has the possibility of separate air supply from a single source 12 of compressed air to the first 18 and second 26 circuits.

A single source 12 of compressed air has calculated values of productivity and air pressure, which are sufficient to create and maintain caverns.

The vessel 1 is equipped with movable cover-forming elements 3.

Cave-forming elements 3 consist of a longitudinal limiting keel 4 of the starboard side, a longitudinal limiting keel 5 of the left side, a longitudinal intermediate keel 6 from the starboard side, and a longitudinal intermediate keel 7 from the left side. Longitudinal intermediate keels 6 and 7 are installed between the longitudinal limiting side keels 4 and 5, respectively.

The keels 4, 5, 6, 7 are located parallel to the diametrical plane of the vessel 1 and form a longitudinal side section 9, 10 and a central section 11.

Cave forming elements 3 also consist of cavitators 8.

Cavitators 8 are located on the bottom 2 perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel 1 and are made in the form of inclined plates.

The cover-forming elements 3 are equipped with pneumatic drives for opening the elements 3 in the working position and for folding the cavitators 8 and the longitudinal limiting side 4, 5 and intermediate 6, 7 keels.

The pneumatic system 17 contains a pipeline for supplying compressed air 21 to the pneumatic actuators of circuit 18, a drainage pipe 24, a pipeline for supplying compressed air 28 to the cavitators 8 of circuit 26. The pneumatic system 17 is provided by pipelines: suction 13 and pressure 15.

A single source of compressed air 12 is in communication with the suction pipe 13 via a valve 14 with a remote control actuator mounted on it.

The first circuit 18 is equipped with a valve with a remote control actuator 19 and a pressure sensor 20.

The primary circuit 18 is supplied with compressed air through pipelines 21 to the pneumatic actuators by means of shut-off valves 22 and 23.

The primary circuit 18 is additionally maintained in the automatic mode of operating pressure when it falls below the permissible value by means of a pressure sensor 20.

The primary circuit 18 is the evacuation of air from pneumatic actuators into the atmosphere through the drain pipe 24 by means of a valve 25 with a remote control actuator. In this case, the operating position is “open” of the valve 25 with the remote control actuator corresponds to the “closed” position of the valve with the remote control actuator 14 mounted on the suction pipe 13.

The second circuit 26 is equipped with a valve 27 with a remote control actuator, a pipe 28 for supplying compressed air, bottom kingston 30.

The second circuit 26 provides compressed air through a pipe 28 through the bottom kingstones 30 to the longitudinal side 9, 10 sections and the central 11 section to the cavitators 8 to create and maintain air cavities under the bottom 2 of the vessel 1.

Non-return-shut-off valves 29 are installed on the compressed air supply pipe 28 of the second circuit 26 and a non-return-shut-off valve 16 is installed on the pressure pipe 15 to prevent outboard water from flowing through the bottom kingstones 30 to the compressed air source 12.

Bottom kingstones 30 are communicated through non-return valve 32 with a water supply pipe 31 to flush them from possible contaminants.

The operation of the pneumatic system is as follows.

Atmospheric air through the mushroom shut-off head enters through the suction pipe 13 to a source of compressed air 12 (blower, compressor).

From a single source 12, compressed air at a pressure higher than the hydrostatic pressure of the water at the bottom level 2 enters the pressure pipe 15. From the pressure pipe 15, compressed air can be supplied to the first circuit 18 or to the second circuit 26 of the pneumatic system 17.

When compressed air is supplied to the first circuit 18, the valve with the remote control actuator 19 is in the "open" position, and the valve with the remote control actuator 27 of the second circuit 26 is in the "closed" position.

Compressed air through the valve 19 through the compressed air supply pipe 21 enters the pneumatic actuators of the longitudinal limiting side keels 4 and 5 and cavitators 8.

When performing operations on the disclosure (installation in a working position) of moving cover-forming elements 3, compressed air through an open valve 19 through pipelines 21 by means of shut-off valves 22 and 23, made in the form of blocks, enters the pneumatic actuators.

Shut-off valves 23 in the form of three-valve blocks mounted on the port side provide compressed air to the pneumatic actuators of the longitudinal limiting keel 5 of the left side and the longitudinal intermediate keel 7 of the left side, as well as to the pneumatic actuators of the cavitators 8 located in the longitudinal section 10 of the left side.

Shut-off valves 22 in the form of double two-valve blocks mounted on the starboard side supply compressed air to the pneumatic actuators of the longitudinal limiting keel 4 of the starboard side and the longitudinal intermediate keel 6 of the starboard side, as well as to the pneumatic actuators of the cavitators 8 located in the longitudinal section 9 of the starboard side and the longitudinal center section 11.

The installation of shut-off valves 22 and 23 in the form of three-valve blocks and double two-valve blocks, respectively, is valid for the pneumatic system 17 shown in figure 1. When three longitudinal intermediate keels are installed on the bottom, shut-off valves in the form of paired two-valve blocks are installed both on the starboard and starboard sides.

The pneumatic system 17 maintains the required pressure in the pneumatic actuators. If the pressure in the pneumatic actuators drops below an acceptable level, the pressure sensor 20 is activated and gives a command to close the valve 27 and open the valve 19: the supply of compressed air to the caverns is temporarily stopped and the air is sent to the pneumatic actuators to restore the pressure in them to the required value.

After the pressure in the pneumatic actuators is restored, the pressure sensor 20 reacts again and gives the valves 27 and 19 commands to resume the supply of compressed air to the caverns and “locks” the air supply pipelines 21 into the pneumatic actuators, respectively.

When compressed air is supplied to pipeline 28, valve 27 opens, valve 19 closes.

The completion of the operation to open the longitudinal keels 4, 5, 6 and 7 and the cavitators 8 fixes the pressure sensor 20 at the time of stabilization of the air pressure in the pneumatic drive systems. After that, the pressure sensor 20 is activated and gives the command to automatically close the valve 19 and open the valve 27. Compressed air through the pipe 28 through the bottom kingstones 30 enters under the bottom 2 in the longitudinal side section 9 of the starboard side, the longitudinal side section 10 of the left side and in the longitudinal center section 11 for creating caverns.

To prevent seawater from flowing through bottom kingstones 30 into the compressed air source 12, non-return-stop valves 29 are installed on the compressed air supply pipe 28 of the second circuit 26 and a non-return-stop valve 16 is installed on the pressure pipe 15.

For washing the bottom kingstones 30 from possible contaminants, it is possible to supply water to them from the water pressure line through a pipe 31 on which non-return valves 32 are installed.

To perform the operation of folding movable cover-forming elements 3, a single air supply source 12 is turned off, the valve 25 with the remote control actuator is in the “open” position and the air from the pneumatic actuators is evacuated through the drain pipe 24 through the mushroom shut-off head to the atmosphere, when this valve 14 on the suction pipe 13 is closed.

In the normal mode of operation of the pneumatic system 17, the valve 25 is in the “closed” position and takes the “open” position simultaneously with the closing of the valve 14 with the remote control actuator upon command from the wheelhouse, if it is necessary to fold cover-forming elements.

A valve 14 with a remote control actuator mounted on the suction pipe 13 prevents air from entering the compressed air source 12 in the event of air evacuation.

When evacuating air from pneumatic actuators to the atmosphere, pneumatic actuators compress and move the moving cover-forming elements 3 attached to them under the influence of hydrostatic pressure of water: cavitators 8 are pressed to the bottom 2, longitudinal keels 4, 5, 6, 7, made of durable and flexible material (for example , polypropylene, polyurethane, etc.), are pressed to the bottom 2 and to the cavitators 8.

The pneumatic system 17 is controlled by one shift officer from the wheelhouse of the vessel 1.

The pneumatic system 17 provides:

- installation of movable cover-forming elements 3 in the working position and their folding on the bottom 2 of the vessel 1 in the absence of a cavity (movement of the vessel in intense waves, in extreme shallow water, reverse, etc.);

- the creation and maintenance of air cavities on the bottom 2 of vessel 1 in the design mode of movement;

- restoration of the calculated air pressure in the pneumatic actuators of the moving cavity-forming elements 3 if it falls below a predetermined allowable value;

- emergency evacuation of air from caverns and pneumatic drives into the atmosphere in the event of dangerous situations;

- washing of bottom kingstones 30 from possible pollution.

The proposed pneumatic system for a vessel with air cavities on the bottom contains cover-forming elements, shut-off, safety valves, valves with a remote control actuator, devices for storing compressed air and devices for its supply, widely used in shipbuilding, and carried out design and technological studies of JSC “ Shipbuilding Engineering Center ”determines, in the applicant’s opinion, compliance with its criterion of“ industrial applicability ”.

The inventive pneumatic system allows you to:

- improve the performance of the vessel;

- increase the efficiency of control of the compressed air supply system;

- expand the functionality of the pneumatic system;

- improve the process of cavern formation;

- ensure safety during the operation of the pneumatic system.

Claims (3)

1. Pneumatic system for a vessel with air caverns on the bottom, equipped with movable caverning elements, consisting of longitudinal bounding keels of the right and left sides, longitudinal intermediate keels installed between the longitudinal bounding side keels located parallel to the ship’s diametrical plane and forming longitudinal side and central sections, and cavitators located on the bottom perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the vessel and made in the form of inclined plates, and equipped with pneumatic actuators designed to open and fold cavitators and longitudinal limiting side and intermediate keels, including a compressed air source and pipelines, characterized in that the pneumatic system is double-circuit, has the ability to separate air from a single source of compressed air through the pressure pipe to the first and in the second circuit, in communication with the suction pipe by means of a valve with a remote control actuator mounted on it, first the second circuit is equipped with a valve with a remote control actuator and a pressure sensor, it has the ability to supply compressed air through pipelines to pneumatic actuators by means of shut-off valves, in addition to automatically maintain operating pressure when it drops below an acceptable value by means of a pressure sensor, and evacuates air from pneumatic actuators to the atmosphere by drain the pipeline by means of a valve with a remote control actuator, the working position of which is “open” corresponds to the “closed” position then "a valve with a remote control actuator installed on the suction pipe, and the second circuit is equipped with a valve with a remote control actuator, has the ability to supply compressed air through the pipeline through the bottom kingstones to the longitudinal side and central sections to the cavitators to create and maintain air cavities under the bottom of the vessel while a single source of compressed air has the ability to provide calculated values of productivity and air pressure sufficient to create and maintain cavities pH. 2. The pneumatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that non-return-shut-off valves are installed on the compressed air supply pipe of the second circuit and on the pressure pipe to prevent overboard water from entering the compressed air source through the bottom kingstones. 3. The pneumatic system according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom kingstones are communicated via non-return valves with a water supply pipe to flush them from possible contaminants.

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