RU2582989C1 - Method of increasing yield of natural hayfields - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to plant growing, and can be used for increasing yield of natural fodder lands. Method of increasing yield of natural hayfields involves adding mineral fertilizers and cultivation of perennial fodder grasses, represented by meadow natural grass cover of hayfields. Application of mineral fertilisers with active ingredient N₃₀P₄₅K₄₅ is carried out in period of active growth of herbs by foliage spraying with rate of consumption of 45 kg/ha. It is followed by treatment of vegetative plants with bio-preparation “Verva”, extracted from fir wood green by emulsion extraction, by way of spraying in period of earing of cereals and leguminous budding in dose 200 ml of bio-preparation per 1 ha in concentration of 10 g/l at rate of working fluid flow of 300 l/ha.

EFFECT: achieved technical result consists in improvement of productivity and quality of grasses natural hayfields.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production and can be used to increase the yield of natural forage land.

In the conditions of the European Northeast, the soils of river floodplains are of great economic importance and, above all, as a natural forage base for animal husbandry. Due to the high yields of herbs, their rich floristic composition, high quality of hay and pasture forage, their cheapness and nutritional value, water meadows were considered the golden fund of natural forage land. But after the start of hydro construction on rivers, plowing of floodplain soils, their reclamation and chemicalization, there was a decrease in productivity and degradation of natural meadows. The depletion of the soil leads to a decrease in botanical diversity, feed quality of meadow communities. Therefore, issues of increasing the productivity of meadow lands are becoming very important.

There are various ways to increase the productivity of natural meadows. This is the use of mineral fertilizers and trace elements in different dosages, organic fertilizers, phytohormones, biologically active substances.

A known method of improving floodplain meadows of Taimyr. It includes surface treatment of turf and sowing of cultivated herbs or clearing a site with a bulldozer and, after a year, the sowing of a mixture of herbs [5. Chuprov "Surface improvement of floodplain meadows of the south of Taimyr" in Sat. Cultivation of crops in the Arctic, Novosibirsk, 1990, p. 51-53]. The disadvantage of this method is that when creating meadows on tundra, permafrost soils, sowing seeds of cultivated plants is ineffective and does not provide long-term sustainable grass stand, thus productive longevity of the meadow on tundra soils of the North-East of Russia is not created.

In the patent SU 1788881 (publ. 15.01.93) a method for regulating the growth of cultivated plants, including their treatment with a biologically active substance that inhibits the growth of shoots, is described. Due to this, lodging of crops was prevented.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of fertilizing perennial grasses on carbonate soils [RF Patent 2037283], taken as a prototype, which includes applying phosphoric and potassium mineral fertilizers to the soil, characterized in that fertilizing is carried out once plowing before sowing feed crops at a dose multiple duration of vegetation of perennial crops by years.

The objective of the present invention is the use of the biological product Verva or biological product in combination with mineral fertilizers.

The technical result consists in increasing the productivity and quality of grass of natural hayfields.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a method of increasing the yield of natural hayfields, including the application of mineral fertilizers, growing perennial forage grasses, according to the invention, meadow grasses of natural hayfields are used as fodder grasses, the application of mineral fertilizers with the active substance N ₃₀ P ₄₅ K _{45 is} carried out after the gathering flood waters during the period of their active regrowth, by foliar feeding with a consumption rate of 45 kg / ha, then vegetative plants are treated with a biological preparation Verva, echennym of green fir wood emulsion extraction process, by spraying during the budding the earing cereals and legumes in a dose of 200 ml per 1 ha biological product at a concentration of 10 g / l, at a rate of hydraulic fluid flow of 300 l / ha.

Verva biological product is the trade name of the drug produced by the Scientific and Technological Enterprise of the Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences LLC [Sanitary and Epidemiological Conclusion No. 77.99.30.929.A000805.03.08 of March 28, 2008]. The drug is obtained by the emulsion method of extracting low molecular weight components from plant materials. The method includes processing chopped wood green fir 0.5-20% aqueous alkaline solution, followed by separation of the solid fraction. The chemical composition of the active part of the drug is a mixture of sodium salts of triterpenic acids of the general formula C ₃₀ H ₄₆ O ₄ . Physico-chemical properties of the drug: a dark brown emulsion, unlimitedly soluble in water, does not have a negative effect on the skin and does not irritate the mucous membranes, odorless. The drug is not flammable, not explosive. In aqueous solutions, stable at temperatures up to 60 ° C. This is an environmentally friendly product with high efficiency at a low consumption. The drug does not pollute agricultural products and the environment.

The method is as follows.

Field plot tests were carried out in 2011-2013 in the Komi Republic, in the floodplain of the river. Sysola Sysolsky district on the premises of the educational-experimental farm "Mezhadorskoye" Syktyvkar boarding school number 1 named. A.A. Katolikova. For the experiment, a aligned area was selected. The soil of the experimental plot is sod-podzolic, loamy sand. The repetition of the experiment is fourfold. The temperature conditions during the years of research as a whole were characteristic of the Komi Republic. Field experiments were carried out according to the methodology.

Scheme of experience:

1 - control - without fertilizing.

2 - P ₄₅ K ₄₅ N ₃₀ (background) at a consumption rate of 45 kg / ha.

3 - P ₄₅ K ₄₅ N ₃₀ + Verva

4 - Verva

After the discharge of flood waters, during the period of active growth of meadow grasses, mineral fertilizers with the active substance N ₃₀ P ₄₅ K ₄₅ are introduced by foliar feeding. Then, during the period of cereal heading and legume budding, the plants are treated with an aqueous solution of the Verva preparation by spraying at a dose of 200 ml / ha at a concentration of 10 g / l, with a working fluid flow rate of 300 l / ha.

The test results are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1 shows that a more significant increase in yield was obtained under the action of the drug Verva in combination with mineral fertilizers. Such a joint action made it possible to obtain a hay yield of 2.8 t / ha, which is 1.5 t / ha higher than the control.

The use of Verva in combination with mineral fertilizers also led to an increase in the quality of hay. The increase in feed units increased by 120%, the content of crude protein by 20% of the collection of metabolic energy by 135% compared with the control (table 2).

From these tables it is seen that the drug Verva has the greatest activity in combination with mineral fertilizers.

Thus, the most optimal use of the Verva biological product on meadow grasses is the combined use of mineral fertilizers by foliar feeding and spraying. The proposed method allows to increase the productivity of hay meadows by 115% and improve its quality.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the yield of natural hayfields, including the application of mineral fertilizers, the cultivation of perennial forage grasses, characterized in that meadow grasses of natural hayfields are used as fodder grasses, the application of mineral fertilizers with the active substance N ₃₀ P ₄₅ K _{45 is} carried out after the flood waters have passed during their active growth by foliar top dressing with a consumption rate of 45 kg / ha, then vegetative plants are treated with Verva biological product extracted from fir green wood mulsionnoy extraction by spraying during the budding the earing cereals and legumes in a dose of 200 ml per 1 ha biological product at a concentration of 10 g / l at a normal working flow rate of 300 l / ha.