RU2575530C2 - Cutting tool (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: claimed tool comprises the body. Screw is screwed in said body through the main plate bore. The insert is located at the main plate. Screw tapered head locks the cutting edge of cutting tool relative to the body by tightening through the pressure element bore or the insert bore. The main plate angle can be protected against harm from sheared ply and chip which is formed between the leading surface of the insert and the cutting plate body surface. Distance from cutting edge to transition rib of the insert angle makes 0.2-2.5 mm. Note here that the insert is fitted at 15-45 degrees of deflection of its lengthwise secant plane the cutting surface and at 75-45 degrees of deflection of said plane from the fastening screw axis. The cutting tool is provided with open or closed cooling system.

EFFECT: perfected cutting conditions, higher tool hardness.

21 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to cutting tools and can be used for processing materials by cutting during turning, milling, drilling, planing, etc.

State of the art

All known analogues contain a cutting edge and a leading surface of the cutting edge along the length of the pressure portion of the shear layer and the chip, a common body. This leads to the fact that in addition to its own heating, the edge receives heat from its own front surface, which does not pass the cooling heat transfer vector in the body to the cutting edge, and the refrigerant does not pass due to the tight contact of the front surface with the cut layer and chips to the cutting edge, and in the case of if the cutting insert is thin, it does not withstand the bending and kink load, the mechanical strength of the cross section of the reduced area will not withstand the insert, which is also installed tangentially, usually exceeding yuschaya pressure portion and the thick layer cut chips for strength. So in the body of the cutting edge between the front and rear surfaces creates a temperature region through which there is no cooling vector and the pressure on the body of the cutting insert has an increased area of impact. In this case, in the body of the cutting insert with continuous cutting, a temperature difference boundary is formed, which is remote from the cutting edge, due to which a thermal zone is formed around the crystals of the cutting edge from the friction of the rear and front surfaces, the temperature of which exceeds the mechanical resistance limit and deprives the cutting edge crystals by heat sink to reduce the heating threshold to a temperature at which the mechanical properties are not reduced.

Known cutting tool containing a cutting insert and an internal channel containing an input and output channels made from the edge to the periphery of the cutting insert, and a device for fixing the cutting plate to the body (see SU No. 1171219, L. Gulyansky, 08/07/1985 )

The disadvantage is that the cooling vector does not reach the cutting edge, because it is forced to be thick to prevent breakage from cutting forces during bending.

The chips and the deformable shear layer by friction with pressure act on the entire upper surface of the cutting insert, from which the edge gets heated from the rear, and the fastening of the cutting insert with all known cutting conditions causes an increased cross section for strength from cutting forces, and this increases the distance from the cooling medium to the cutting edge, which is not enough for the main carbide composites to cool the edge. Thus, this remarkable analogue has a larger perception area of heating with a simultaneous difficulty in heat exchange between the edge and the refrigerant. Or the amount of heat received by the cutting edge is more significant than the possibility of the amount of cold received by the cutting edge. In this case, the tightness is poorly ensured due to the central hole, as well as the fact that the contact area of the cutting insert and the tool body, which is of primary importance for eliminating the ingress of refrigerant into the cutting zone, perceives all cutting loads, including vibrations, in which, with increasing pressure, Leaks when one-sided clamping of the insert.

The disadvantage of fixing the cutting insert is a one-sided clamping of the cutting insert, in which, from the side not pressed to the body, the liquid under pressure will enter the cutting zone and the workpiece, which also negatively affects the cutting process, in which the cut layer is deformed in the state high plasticity of the chip due to increased cutting temperatures or, for example, in the processing of gray cast irons, where graphite will turn into cementite. Also, the design does not provide for the possibility of maintaining a draggable cutting insert, as it does not have the ability to adjust the displacement of the cutting insert relative to the end of the cutting tool, and regrinding is possible only with simultaneous regrinding of the housing, which is unacceptable for a sealed cooling channel.

Known cutting tool containing a channel in the form of a hole extending to the front surface of the cutting insert near its cutting edge, and an additional channel extending to the rear surface of the cutting insert, as well as a transverse groove made in the housing of the drill head under the cutting plates in the direction from the plane of attachment the latter to the body of the drill head (RU No. 2156180, publ. 09/20/2000. Podolsk Engineering Plant).

The disadvantage is that the holes facing the front surface are located near the cutting edge inside the body of the cutting insert and sharply reduce its mechanical strength. Moreover, the pressure of the refrigerant exiting under the cutting edge from the rear surface side is directed from the cutting edge, because refrigerant passages are not directed towards it. At the same time, it is impossible to make an opening, especially with narrowing at the outlet, at an angle in the hard alloy during its pressing, and the unlimited thickness of the cutting insert does not provide the advantage of cooling by heat exchange of its base over heating from chip friction. Moreover, the scope indicated by the authors is limited.

Known cutting tool containing a plate for supplying refrigerant and a cutting plate (US 2008/0175677, publ. 24.07.2008, P.D. Prichard, KENNMETAL INC.)

The disadvantage is that the angle of transition from the front surface of the cutting edge to the surface mating with the cooling plate is not protected from contact with chips, which eliminates the ingress of refrigerant on the front surface of the cutting edge and the cutting edge itself, in particular, due to the edge of the transition angle along which the chips come off, the cutting edge and its front surface get cracked and cracked, they also get enormous heat from friction, which forces them to increase the distance from the cutting edge and to move away everything possible structural elements, which does not distinguish this analogue from all known technical effects, because cutting loads, contact with refrigerant on the cutting edge are the same.

Known cutting tool and taken as a prototype containing the upper and lower mounting parts with holes for the passage of the refrigerant (RU No. 2481925 Ogonkov KE Publ. May 20, 2013).

The disadvantage is that the contact area of the chip is increased at its pressure on the front surface of the cutting edge, which leads to an increase in negative friction resistance and an increase in the area of heat sources for the cutting edge and their quantity. At the same time, when pressing the cutting insert, the clamping element is made without the possibility of abutment on two support points between the acting point of the screw. This leads to the fact that the cutting insert has the possibility of vibration, relaxing the clamping force, as the cutting insert is pressed not through the hole, but by a lever that does not have a force at a point farthest from the clamp screw, and with an increase in the screw tightening force, the clamp element breaks, because at a point far from the clamping screw, vibration forces from cutting increase, due to the shoulder, the impact on the gap of the clamping element between the screw and the extreme point pressing the cutting plate, while the design does not withstand high refrigerant pressures.

At the same time, this design works with increased forces spent on bending the cut layer and chips, which also increases the heat generation on the cutting edge and increases the pressure on the front surface of the cutting edge.

At the same time, the fastening parts do not participate in the shear of the sheared layer, which excludes its participation in the cutting and removal of part of the heat, pressure and friction from the cutting plate.

The connection of the front surface of the cutting edge with the upper pressure plate, which has thresholds below the edge, was not performed on the site of the center of pressure of the shear layer, because of which the refrigerant does not fall on the site of the center of pressure of the chips of the front surface, and lubrication is also not performed, since between the front surface and the shear layer and then the chips there is a very close contact at which no refrigerant pressure having the strength limits of the aggregate state is lower than the tensile strengths of tool alloys necessary to withstand the pressure of the shear layer.

The exits for the refrigerant have a direction mainly perpendicular to the machined surface, because of which half of the pressure value is directed from the cutting edge, reducing the cooling efficiency of the rear surface of the cutting edge.

Disclosure of invention

The cutting tool comprising a housing, a fastening device including a fastening screw is provided with an open cooling system, wherein the cutting plate is mounted on the main plate and the connection of the main plate with the cutting plate is formed by a composite assembly extending from the cutting edge line with the common plane of the cutting edge front surface at the friction site and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, and the composite prefabricated common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made with possibly the joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the shear layer in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer, and the main plate is made with the possibility of protecting the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert from the action of the cut layer and chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the surface of the body of the cutting the plate mating with the surface of the main plate, and the cutting insert is made with a width of the plane of the cross section of 0.2-3 mm, while the cutting insert is installed with the ability to exclude the load of bending forces on its longitudinal section plane at an angle of 15-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal secant plane from the cutting surface and at an angle of 75-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal secant plane from the axis of the fastening screw, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting insert connected to the main plate is directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting of forces opposite to the feed direction and pressure direction forces of the shear layer, while the composite prefabricated plane days of the surface is formed by the main plate and the cutting plate pressed against the main plate by a clamping element, made with the possibility of pressing two supporting surfaces opposite to the fastening screw screwed into the housing through the holes of the clamping element and the main plate, and one supporting surface of the clamping element is made with contact abutment in the main plate, another supporting surface of the clamping element is made with the possibility of contact abutment in the cutting plate, and the ends of the cutting insert are made with cutting edges, including the planes of the front and rear surfaces of the cutting edge, and with cutouts for fixing, matching their shape with the shape of the protrusions for fixing, made on the main plate, while in the main plate, in the clamping element and in the cutting the cavity has cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with exits with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the rear and front surfaces of the cutting edge, while the cavities for refrigerant and lubrication of the main plate are made so that the boundaries of their exits were additionally located on the friction and pressure section of the sheared layer and chips.

The cutting tool comprising a housing, a fastening device including a fastening screw is provided with an open cooling system, wherein the cutting plate is mounted on the main plate and the connection of the end surface of the main plate with the cutting plate is formed by the composite assembly extending from the cutting edge line with the common plane of the cutting edge front surface on plot of friction and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, and the composite team the total plane of the front surface of the cutting edge made with the possibility of joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the cut layer in the area of friction and pressure of the cut layer, and the main plate is made with the possibility of protecting the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert from the action of the cut layer and the chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the surface the body of the cutting insert mating with the surface of the main plate, and the distance from the cutting edge to the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert is 0.2-2.5 mm, The cutting insert is installed with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its plane of longitudinal section, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting plate, when connected to the main plate, is mainly directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting of forces opposite to the feed direction and forces of the pressure direction of the cut layer, while the composite prefabricated plane of the front surface is formed by the main plate and the cutting plate, provided at the ends with replaceable cutting edges and made with a hole, while the mating surfaces of the cutting and main inserts are made to be fixed, and the mating surfaces of the main and cutting inserts are tapering with their apex toward the hole, while in the main plate and in the cutting plate there are cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with outputs with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the front and rear surfaces of the cutting edge, while the cavity for the refrigerant and lubrication of the main plate is made so that the boundaries of their outputs are located on the friction and pressure cut layer and chips, and cavity for cooling made with the possibility of working under pressure.

The cutting tool comprising a housing, a fastening device including a fastening screw is provided with an open cooling system, wherein the cutting plate is mounted on the main plate and the connection of the main plate with the cutting plate is formed by a composite assembly extending from the line of the cutting edge by the common plane of the front surface in the friction and pressure section cut layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, and the composite prefabricated common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made together about the perception of friction, heat and pressure of the shear layer in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer, the main plate being configured to protect the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert from the action of the cut layer and chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the surface of the body of the cutting plate adjacent to the surface of the main insert, the insert being made with a cross-sectional plane width of 0.2-3 mm, the insert being installed with the possibility of eliminating load of bending forces on its plane of longitudinal section, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting insert, when connected to the main plate, is mainly directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting of forces opposite to the feed direction and pressure direction forces of the sheared layer, while the composite team the plane of the front surface is formed by the main plate and the cutting plate, made with the possibility of multiple grinding of cutting angles under the cutting conditions and conditions, depending on the purpose a given manufactured part, and containing a cutting edge on one end, and on the other opposite end, a plurality of fixing cutouts arranged in a row along the length of this opposite end of the cutting plate, the fixing cutouts of the cutting plate being connected to a fixing protrusion made on the main plate and having the shape identical to the shape of the fixing cutouts of the cutting insert, and on the surface of the cutting insert mating with the main plate, a longitudinal groove or protrusion is made, coinciding with the groove or protrusion with the mating surface of the main plate and the clamping element, while in the main plate, the clamping element and the cutting plate there are cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with outputs with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the front surface of the cutting edge, while the cavity for refrigerant and lubrication of the main plate additionally made so that the boundaries of their exits are located on the friction and pressure section of the shear layer and chips.

The cutting tool comprising a housing, a fastening device including a fastening screw is provided with a closed cooling system, wherein the cutting plate is mounted on the main plate and the connection of the end surface of the main plate with the cutting plate is formed by the composite assembly extending from the cutting edge line with the common plane of the front surface in the friction section and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, and the composite prefabricated common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge formed the main plate and the cutting plate, made with the possibility of the joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the cut layer in the area of friction and pressure of the cut layer, the main plate is made with the possibility of protecting the transition edge of the corner of the cutting plate from the action of the cut layer and the chips formed between the front surface of the cutting the edges of the body of the cutting insert and the surface of the body of the cutting insert mating with the surface of the main plate, the distance from the cutting edge to the transition rib cutting th plate is 0.2-2.5 mm, and the cutting insert is installed with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its plane of longitudinal section, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting plate when connected to the main plate is mainly directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting from the forces opposite to the flow direction and the pressure direction forces of the layer being cut, while the cutting element is equipped with refrigerant cavities, made with the possibility of eliminating the ingress of refrigerant into the cutting zone, is the deviation end surface of the main plate from the direction of feed vector at 2-7 degrees greater than the deviation on the direction of feeding the front surface of the cutting edge of the insert body, wherein the cutting insert is fixed and pressed against the main plate presser member or screw.

In this case, the cutting insert is installed between fastening parts having individual clamping screws, the axes of which intersect mainly at an angle of 90 degrees. In this case, the cutting forces have an emphasis on the cutting forces along the longitudinal section in the clamping element and in the main plate. In this case, the screw and the clamping element are configured to exclude contact with the treated surface. Moreover, at each end of the insert there is a cutting edge and a cutout for fixing at the same time. In this case, the team of the main and cutting inserts the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made along the radius of the projection of the cross section. In this case, the prefabricated common plane of the front surface is configured to reduce the bending deformation of the shear layer and the descending chips. At the same time, a convexity is made on the end surface of the main plate, which is 0.3-0.7 mm higher than the total composite assembly plane of the front surface and, in particular, the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate. Moreover, the team of the main and cutting plates, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made with the possibility of joint shear of the cut layer. In this case, the refrigerant cavities have entrances from the housing to the main plate and exits from it. In this case, the end surfaces of the main plate are made at an angle of deviation from its base surface, conjugated with the body and at an angle of deviation from the calculated direction of the feed vector. In this case, the team, from the main and cutting inserts, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made along the radius of the projection of the cross section. In this case, the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert is made at a negative, zero, or positive main rake angle. In this case, the cutting insert is made of superhard material. In this case, the screw has a conical head mating with the conical surface of the cutting insert. In this case, the team of the main and cutting inserts the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made along the radius of the projection of the cross section. In this case, the cavity, when connecting the cutting insert to the main plate and the clamping element, is equipped with a cooled gasket with a heat resistance of 1700 degrees. In this case, the team, from the main and cutting inserts, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made along the radius of the projection of the cross section.

The cutting tool is provided with a main insert and a cutting insert. The cutting insert is mounted based on the main plate, and the main plate or the end surface of the main plate in connection with the cutting plate form a composite assembly going from the line of the cutting edge to the common plane of the front surface at the friction and pressure section of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from cutting edge lines

The device described above is the main one for carrying out the invention and can be implemented in different ways and with different alternative design features. In the claims, the cooling device variants are described, including a sealed, open and alternative embodiments of the mounting device design and the shape of the cutting inserts.

For all of the options described above and their alternatives, the cutting tool acquires general technical effects, which are reduced to an increase in cutting conditions, a decrease in machine time, an increase in durability, a decrease in the body temperature of the cutting edge at a constant pressure of the cut layer, a reduction in the heat transfer area of the cutting insert, and a decrease the number and length of heat transfer heat vectors, increase the number of cooling heat transfer vectors in the body of the cutting insert, reduce the distance from the cold receiving area about the cutting edge, in particular, and increasing the number of areas for receiving cold and their sizes relative to the entire surface of the cutting insert, reducing the distance from the area of receiving cold to the rear surface in particular and to the front surface, in particular, eliminating vibrations of the thin section cutting insert relative to the mounting base with the exception of its breakdown, the exclusion of the load of bending forces on the cutting insert, improving the quality of the machined surface with increased cutting conditions.

At the same time, this cutting tool works with two versions of the cooling system, one of which is open type with outputs for cooling the surface of the cutting insert and chips, the other with a sealed cooling system, both of which work effectively to reduce the body temperature of the cutting edge inside the cutting insert and loads on her. Moreover, the open-type cooling system in the main plate and in the clamping element contains cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with exits, and the cavities for refrigerant and lubricant of the main plate are made so that the boundaries of their exits are located on the friction and pressure section of the shear layer and the chips and cavities for the refrigerant and lubricant are made with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the rear and front surfaces of the cutting edge, which allows to achieve an additional technical result - reduction of refrigerant pressure loss and with strokes directed to the cutting edge along its rear surface, reducing losses of refrigerant pressure directed to the cutting edge along its front surface, and increasing refrigerant pressure and lubricant directed to the cutting edge. Increasing the refrigerant pressure allows you to enhance all of the above-described technical effects of common structural elements.

The cooling system sealed in the main plate and in the clamping element contains cavities for the refrigerant, and the cavities and the connection device of the cutting plate with the clamping element and the main plate are made with the possibility of eliminating the ingress of refrigerant into the cutting zone, which allows to achieve an additional technical, relatively well-known counterpart - providing tightness of cavities and joints at high refrigerant pressure, elimination of vapor formation with improved contact with the cutting medium of the cutting area ins with increasing amounts of cooling circuits, eliminating graphite conversion into cementite during processing iron and generally exclude hardening metal workpiece from the refrigerant feedback.

In this case, the fixing device of the cutting insert and the design of the cutting insert itself can be performed differently, but three preferred alternatives are described, providing the achievement of a common technical effect. The thickness of all options for the cutting inserts is selected depending on the cutting conditions, the mechanical properties of the inserts and the workpiece and the specified parameters of the manufactured part.

At the same time, common technical effects for all options and alternative designs of cutting inserts and methods of attachment are also: ease of pressing into the material being processed, reduction of deformation of the cut layer and at the same time reduction of its pressure and friction on the body of the front surface of the cutting plate, reduction of heat release of the cut layer at contact with the cutting insert, reducing the bending radius of the cut layer, which is achieved by the fact that the convexity is made on the end surface of the main plate, which I am higher by 0.3-0.7 mm of the total composite assembly plane of the front surface and separately the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert, and the fact that the deviation of the end surface of the main plate from the direction of the feed vector is 2-7 degrees more than the deviation from the direction of the feed vector of the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert, or the fact that the common assembly plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is connected by the edge of the transition angle with the end surface of the main plate, made at an angle crowbar deviations from the feed vector at a negative rake angle.

FIG. 1 Front view of a cutting tool.

FIG. 2 Section of a cutting tool equipped with cavities having exits.

FIG. 3 The cross-section of a cutting tool equipped with cavities made with the possibility of eliminating the ingress of refrigerant into the cutting zone.

FIG. 4 A multifaceted cutting insert with interchangeable cutting edges and cutouts for fixation at the ends.

FIG. 5 A cutting insert made with the possibility of multiple undercutting and containing a cutting edge at one end and fixing cutouts at the other end.

FIG. 6 A multifaceted insert with interchangeable cutting edges mounted through its hole.

FIG. 7 Functional sketch of the cutting tool.

The implementation of the invention

The cutting tool comprises a housing 1. A screw 2 is screwed into the housing 1 through the opening 3 of the main plate 4. A cutting plate 5, or 5a, or 5b is based on the main plate 4. A conical screw head 6 fixes the cutting edge 7 of the cutting tool relative to the housing 1 by pressing it through the opening 3a of the pressing member 8 or the opening 3b of the cutting insert 5a. The main plate in connection with the cutting insert form a composite prefabricated common plane Ap of the front surface 9 extending from the line of the cutting edge 7 at the friction and pressure section M of the shear layer Cp at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the cutting edge line 7, the composite prefabricated common plane Ap the front surface of the cutting edge 7 is made with the possibility of joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the sheared layer Cp and chips in the plot M of friction and pressure of the sheared layer Cp, the combined common plane Ap consists of a front surface 9a I cut a common edge 7 of the body of the cutting insert 5 and a component of the front surface 9c, made on the end surface 10 of the main plate 4, and the main plate 4 is made with the possibility of protection against the action of CP of the cut layer and the chips, the transition edge 11 of the angle of the cutting plate formed between the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert and the surface 12 of the body of the cutting plate 5, conjugated with the main plate 4, and the distance from the cutting edge 7 to the transition edge 11 of the angle of the insert is 0.2-2.5 mm, and p the backing plate is installed with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its plane H of the longitudinal section and is set at an angle S = 15-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal cutting plane H from the cutting surface U and at an angle N = 75-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal cutting plane H from the axis of the screw 2 fasteners.

The cutting insert 5 is installed between the main insert 4 and the clamping element 8, made with the possibility of pressing two supporting surfaces opposite to the screw 2 screwed into the housing through the holes 3a of the pressing element 8 and the hole 3 of the main plate 4, and one supporting surface 13 of the pressing element is made with the possibility of contact stop in the main plate 4, the other supporting surface 14 of the pressing element 8 is made with the possibility of contact stop in the cutting plate 5, and the cutting plate 5 is made with a width of the plane Bp of the cross section 0.2-3 mm, and the ends 15 of the cutting insert 5 are made with cutting edges 5, including the planes of the front 9a and rear 16a of the surfaces of the cutting edge, and the ends 15 are made with cutouts 17 for fixing, matching their shape with the shape of the protrusions 18 for fixation, made on the main plate 4.

In an embodiment, the composite prefabricated common plane Ap of the front surface 9 is formed by the end surface 10 of the main plate 4 and the cutting plate 5a, provided at the ends 15 with replaceable cutting edges 7 and made with a hole 3b, coinciding in axis with the hole 3 of the main plate 4, intended for fastening to the housing 1 of the cutting tool with a fixing screw 2, and the main plate 4 and the cutting plate 5a are made with refrigerant cavities 19b, configured to prevent the refrigerant from entering the cutting zone, or made with a floor styami 19a coolant and lubricant to the outputs 20, wherein the mating surface 5a and the main cutting plate 4 are tapered toward the opening 3c vertex and 3,

In an embodiment, the composite prefabricated common plane Ap of the front surface 9 is formed by the main plate 4 and the cutting plate 5c, made with the possibility of multiple undercutting and containing a cutting edge at one end 15a and a plurality of fixing cutouts 17 arranged in a row along the length of this the opposite end 15c of the cutting insert 5a, and the fixing cutouts 17 of the cutting plate are connected to a fixing protrusion 18 made on the main plate 4 and having a shape identical to the shape of the fixing cutouts 17 of the cutting plates 5a. On the surface of the cutting insert 5a, conjugated with the main plate 4, a longitudinal groove 21 or protrusion is made, coinciding with the groove or protrusion 22 of the mating surface of the main plate 4.

In the embodiment of the end surface 10 of the main plate 4, a convexity 23 is made, which is 0.3-0.7 mm higher than the total composite assembly plane Ap of the front surface 9 and separately the plane of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate 5.

In the embodiment, the deviation of the end surface 10 of the main plate 4 from the direction of the feed vector P is 2-7 degrees greater in angle Y than the deviation from the direction of the feed vector P of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate 5.

Moreover, in the development and refinement of the cutting tool is made so that the combined common plane Ap of the front surface is made with the possibility of reducing the bending deformation of the sheared layer Cp and descending chips.

Moreover, the end surfaces 10 of the main plate are made at an angle of deviation from its surface of the base 24, coupled with the housing 1, and at an angle of deviation from the calculated direction of the feed vector P.

Moreover, the assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane Ap of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a known negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made along the radius of the projection of the cross section (which is not shown in Fig.).

Moreover, the plane of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made along the radius of the projection of the cross section of the cutting insert 5 and the main plate 4.

Moreover, the screw has a conical head 25, mating with the conical surface of the pressing element 4 or the cutting plate 5a, which is flush. Moreover, the plane H of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, when connected to the main insert 4, is directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting of the forces opposite to the feed direction P and the pressure direction forces of the sheared layer.

The cutting edge is pressed into the material being processed at the same time and the pressure of the shear layer formed between the machined surface and the machined cutting surface U is directed to the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 7. The friction and pressure section M of the shear layer on the front surface 9 of the cutting edge is formed at a distance of 0, 07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge by the action of the direction of the sum of the forces Pz, consisting of the forces P1 opposite to the feed direction P, and the pressure forces P2 of the shear layer Cp directed to the front surface 9 of the general composite assembly plane Ap of the front surface 9. The forces P1, which are opposite to the feed direction, offset the section M of the pressure center of the sheared layer Cp from the cutting edge 7 at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge 7, which, depending on the feed amount and mechanical properties of the workpiece changes the value.

It is known that the destruction of the cutting edge occurs from the friction of the processed material on the cutter, and its value depends on the pressure of the sheared material layer, which also causes heat generation, also dependent on pressure. Known temperatures at which certain brands of cutters retain the mechanical properties and the estimated time that determine the resistance of the cutter, and it is known that exceeding the temperature threshold leads to premature destruction of the cutting edge. It is also known that the maximum values of heat dissipation, friction and cutting pressure are offset from the cutting edge, because the forces from the shear layer and the forces opposite to the feed direction are summed, and the chips often form drain or plastically stretched, in the case of chip chips, which together forms and stretches the friction and pressure section M of the shear layer and chips to a distance of on average up to 3.5 mm and more. Thus, over more than 3.5 mm, the front surface of the known geometries of the cutting part of one body receives the effect of destruction. To reduce the effects of destruction caused by heat generation, friction and pressure, the geometry of the plane of the front surface 9 of the cutting edge 7 is made common to the main plate 4 and the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c, 5c i.e. prefabricated composite of the main plate 4 and the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c, 5c, which with a reduced area of the Bp plane of the cross section of each cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c at the cutting edge of 0.2-2.5 mm translates the main effects of fracture on the main a plate 4 that does not have a cutting edge and, accordingly, is able to perceive increased values of destructive influences without loss of mechanical properties of the cutting edge 7 of the cutting tool. Thus, most of the destructive effects during cutting goes to the base plate 4, which does not have a cutting edge, the shear stresses of the cut layer on the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c at the cutting edge 7 are quantitatively reduced, which allows to increase the cutting conditions without increasing the load on the front surface 9a the body of the cutting edge 7 with the transfer of the load to the main plate 4.

The main plate 4 is made with the possibility of deflecting from a part of the front surface 9a of the body of the cutting plate the pressure of the shear layer and the chips, which is achieved by the fact that the tangential forces against the main plate, after passing the connection line of the components of the common assembly of the front surface 9, on the end surface 10 form the tendency of the lower current surface of the shear layer along the end surface 10 and, in an embodiment, rise from the surface of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, forces P2 are directed towards the front surface, which for the edge 11 of the transition angle partially reduces contact with the chips, pressure and friction, which increases all the known technical results of the cutting tool and also the technical effects described above.

Moreover, with two pre-painted versions of the cooling device and three alternatives for the pre-defined execution of the cutting inserts 5, 5a, 5c, in contrast to all known analogues, the cooling efficiency of the cutting edge 7 is increased, because when the pressure of the shear layer, the refrigerant does not pass to the cutting edge, and the reduction in the area of the Bp plane of the cross section of the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c at the cutting edge of 0.2-2.5 mm minimizes the distance between the cold receiving surface and the cutting edge 7, which allows increase the cooling during cutting of the rear 16a and the front surface 9a inclusively with the cutting edge 7, which is also facilitated by the cavities 19a, 19c of the cutting insert 5 and, in the embodiment, also contributes to the direction of the channels of the cooling cavities 19a of the pressing element 8, when no loss of pressure occurs because at the outlet 20, it is initially easier for the refrigerant to go to the cutting edge 7, and not from it, due to the fact that the direction from the cutting edge 7 is blocked by the contact of the chip with the main plate 4 on its end surface 10 and its convexity 23 or without it. Moreover, the reduction in the area of the plane Bp of the cross section of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c at the cutting edge with a distance made from the cutting edge 7 to the edge 11 of the transition angle of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b, comprising 0.2-2.5 mm, reduces the temperature of the crystals of the body of the cutting edge 7 at a constant pressure of the shear layer Cp, because the pressure and heat reception area of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b is reduced, while the length of the distance from the cold reception area to the cutting edge 7 and its front surface 9a and its rear surface 16a is reduced, and the number and length of thermal vectors during heat transfer are also reduced. Moreover, with two cooling circuits formed by the cavities 19a, 19b of the main plate 4 and the cavities 19a, 19b of the pressing element 8, the number of cold receiving areas and their sizes relative to the two main surfaces of the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5b and its cavities 19a, 19b the entire surface of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, and the number of cooling vectors to the cutting edge 7 of heat exchange in the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c increases, which is especially important with a sealed cooling system with cavities 19c, made without the possibility of hit cutting zone refrigerant. This work becomes possible with the joint perception of friction, heat and pressure Ср of the sheared layer and chips of the general composite assembly plane Ap of the front surface 9 at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge and with the joint shear of the sheared layer by the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c and core 4, also reducing these effects.

In this case, to ensure the operation of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, in which the distance from the cutting edge to the transition edge 11 of the angle of the cutting insert is 0.2-2.5 mm, it is only possible to exclude the action of bending forces on it, which is ensured with simultaneous with the exception of its vibration and displacement relative to the main plate, the fixing cutouts 17 and protrusions, or the taper of the cutting plate 5a, or two opposite supporting surfaces 13 with the simultaneous condition of installing the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c at an angle S = 15-45 degrees of deviation of its to it of the longitudinal secant plane H from the cutting surface U and at an angle N = 75-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal secant plane H from the axis of the screw 2 with the ability to work only in compression, and not in bending, in the direction of the sum of the forces Pz. Moreover, the impact on the sheared layer Cp of the small width of the surface of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge, the shear process partially translates into a delamination process, in which the cutting forces are reduced, since less effort on bending and deformation of the outgoing chips, which facilitates indentation and which is facilitated by the fact that the end faces 10 of the surface of the main plate 4 are made at an angle of deviation from its surface of the base 24 of more than 90 degrees associated with the housing 1, and at an angle Y of deviation from the direction of the vector the feed P is 2-7 degrees greater than the deviation from the direction of the feed vector P of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the insert.

At the same time, on the end face 10 of the surface of the main plate 4, a convex 23 is made with a radius at the base for a smooth transition, which raises the sheared layer and the chips when the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c rises from the front surface 9a, which reduces both the pressure on it and the friction it and heat dissipation from it, and also protects the transition edge 11 of the angle of the cutting insert formed between the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the surface of the cutting plate 12, conjugated with the main plate 4, from friction and crack nucleation n, the protection of this rib 11 also ensures the safe operation of all structural elements described in this document, excluding the action of the sheared layer due to the emergence of forces tending in the feed direction, which eliminates breakage and displacement of the cutting insert 5 relative to the main 4, ensuring stability of cutting under increased conditions cutting, and the protection of the ribs 11 of the transition angle is provided without convexity 23 connection on the plot M of the pressure of the sheared layer of the main 4 and the cutting plates 5, 5A, 5B.

Deviations of the end surface 10 from the direction of the feed vector P are 2-7 degrees greater than the deviation of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b from the direction of the feed vector P, reduces the bending radius of the cut layer and chips, which leads to a decrease deformation and heat released by it, its pressure and friction against the common composite assembly plane Ap of the front surface, shear is applied to the sheared layer, includes delamination with protection of the rib 11, at which the cutting forces are reduced, and the release is facilitated a shear layer on the treated surface, as tangential forces appear that contribute to this separation, tangential at the edge 11 about the end face 10 of the main plate 4, for which a bulge 23 can also be used.

Increasing the resistance of the cutting edge 7 due to the common composite team of the common plane Ap of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge 7 ensures the duration of its sharpness, which improves the quality of the machined surface with an increase in cutting conditions and a decrease in machine time, provides the specified dimensions of a given workpiece.

Cutouts 17 made at the ends 15 of the cutting insert 5, 5b for fixing the cutting insert 5, 5b, coinciding with the protrusions 18 for fixing the main insert 4, provide operation by excluding the displacement of the cutting insert 5, 5b and its vibration in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the feed vector P, for alternative embodiments, in which the clamping element 8 and the main plate 4 are connected by screw 2 to the housing 1 through the hole 3, 3a, and the clamping element 8 is made with the possibility of pressing the contact between the two supporting surfaces 13, 14, counter zhnymi relatively clamping screws 2, wherein one support surface 13 of the pressing member 8 is adapted to abut a base plate 4, the other abutment surface 14 of the pressing member is configured to abut a cutting insert 5, 5c. The cutting insert 5c may have at each end 15 both a cutting edge 7 and cutouts 17 for fixing, and may separately at one ends of the cutting edges 7, and at other cutouts 17 for fixing as on the cutting inserts 5 and 5c. Moreover, for the possibility of pressing between the apex of the taper or the clamping element 8 and the main plate 4 in the region of the holes 3, 3b, 3a, a clearance is made for freedom of the elastic force of the clamp.

The implementation of an alternative to the cutting insert 5a with the hole 3B and the taper with the tip to the hole 3a and 3 of the mating surfaces provides fixation, gives additional mechanical resistance to the cutting insert having a distance from the cutting edge 7 to the edge 11 and the width of the front surface area of the cutting insert from 0.2 mm because one surface directed to the machined surface is directed by the plane in the opposite direction to the pressure of the shear layer, and the other surface, conjugated with the main plate at an angle of taper, is directed in the direction of the sum of forces Pz, which eliminates the load on the bending of the body of the cutting edge of a narrow section at the cutting edges 7 and additionally enhances all the effects of the prefabricated common plane Ap of the front surface 9a, which includes the main plate 4, especially with superhardness exceeding hard diamond, effects - facilitating indentation and reducing the bending of the cut layer, as well as reducing the distance of the cutting edge from the contact area with the refrigerant inside the body of the cutting insert, reducing the distance of the exit of refrigerant to the cutting edge 7, transferring the pressure of the cut layer to the main plate 4, reducing the heating limit the rear surface 16a of the cutting edge 7, the excess of the cooling rate of the crystals of the cutting edge 7 over the heating rate by translating the boundary of the temperature difference directly to the cutting edge, this boundary ra temperature between the permissible and unacceptable heating of the crystal of the body of the cutting edge, which allows cutting with a continuously cooled cutting edge, which allows to increase resistance, cutting conditions, reduce machine time of machine equipment.

It is known that the conical connection of the mating surfaces of the cutting insert 5a and the main plate 4 completely eliminates the displacement of the mating elements and their axes, which is necessary when installing and adjusting the cutting tool, which maximizes the direction of movement of the cutting edge along the given cutting coordinates without the slightest deviation, excluding it, and that eliminates the possibility of vibrations when cutting.

The taper of the mating surfaces of the alternative to the clamping element 8 makes it possible to exclude the action of bending forces and strengthens the clamping of the components of the common plane Ap of the front surface 9a to increase the pressure of the refrigerant inside the cavity 19b and 19a, to increase the heat transfer from the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c without hardening from heating of the cutting process of processed materials capable of hardening after heating from cutting and sudden cooling caused by austenitic, martensitic and cementitious evrascheniyami lattice different alloys processed.

The implementation of the device for connecting the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c with the clamping element and with the main plate with the possibility of eliminating the ingress of refrigerant into the cutting zone allows to exclude the conversion of graphite to cementite during cast iron processing, which will exclude hardening of the workpiece and increase resistance.

The taper of the mating surfaces and, alternatively, the operation of the clamping element 8 make it possible to support the surfaces opposite to the screw 2 to ensure the tightness of the cavities 19c of the cutting tool, made without the possibility of the refrigerant entering the cutting zone according to the rocker principle, in which the force from pressing the screw screwed into the housing acquires the maximum the value at the extreme pressure points at the cutting edge 7, which allows to increase the refrigerant pressure to 21 atm to increase heat transfer and to eliminate In addition, for example, to reduce the contact with the refrigerant, it also eliminates any vibrations that also affect the tightness, while at the taper section of the cutting insert made with the hole, the cross section along H at the cutting edge 7 is narrowed to reduce the length of the heat transfer vector line to the cutting edge 7, while ensuring the strength of the cross section at the hole 3B by increasing its area there to withstand the increase in the pressing forces of the cutting 5, 5a, 5b to the main plate 4 and the main 4 to the body 1 of the cutting The instrument, the principle of the rocker pressure member provides operation thin cutting plates 5, 5a, 5b.

Moreover, the execution of the cavities 19a, 19c in the cutting insert for an open cooling system of the cavities 19a with exits 20 and especially for the sealed cooling system for the cavities 19b, made without the possibility of refrigerant and lubricant entering the cutting zone, reduces the distance from the contact surface with the refrigerant to the cutting edge , which reduces the temperature of the crystals of the body of the cutting edge during a continuous cutting process, in which due to the tight contact of the rear 16A and the front surface 9a of the cutting edge 7 of the body of the cutting insert it is difficult to drop the refrigerant. In this case, the cavities 19a, 19b are made with longitudinal recesses with ensuring the structural strength of the body of the cutting insert from cutting forces due to the formed stiffeners.

In this case, with the alternative to the clamping element 8, the additional cooling effect of the cutting insert 5, 5c is acquired from the inclusion of an additional cooling circuit of the cutting insert 5, 5c, in which heat is not absorbed into the body of the cutting insert from the cutting edge 7 and its front 9a and rear 16a surfaces, and the cold is absorbed into the latter and the cutting edge 7. In other words, the value of the heat vector in the body decreases with a simultaneous increase in the cooling vector, which is also ensured by a decrease in the cross section of the entire insert dissolved in the alternative cross-section taper at the base of the cutting edge. A reduction in the transverse Bp section of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c for all embodiments and their alternatives reduces the distance from the cooling source to the cutting edge, which would not have been possible without the common plane of the front surface consisting of locally connected cutting inserts 5, 5a, 5c and the main plate 4, which provides mechanical emphasis upon pressing a cutting plate 5, 5a, 5b into the material to be processed, having a cross-sectional plane width of 0.2-2.5-3 mm at the cutting edge. Moreover, for all embodiments, the width of the plane of the cross section of 0.2-2.5 mm at the cutting edge of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c is made with a distance from the cutting edge to the transition edge 11 of the corner of the insert, comprising 0.2-2, 5 mm, provides, when it is located at an angle S = 15-45 and N = 45-75, a reduction in the area of the front surface 9a of the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, which reduces the amount of heat and friction of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c and the pressure of the cut layer on the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, which in turn would not have been possible without a common assembly plane Ap of the front surface, the elements of which were connected in the pressure section M of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, which provides the shoulder of the main plate with mechanical resistance of the refined cutting plate from increased indentation cutting forces with increasing modes cutting and transfers to the main plate 4 from the cutting 5, 5a, 5c most of the friction and heat that is absorbed not by the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5b, but the main 4 with increased heat capacity and body mechanics.

Moreover, for all embodiments and their alternatives, the connection of the plates 5, 5a, 5c in the pressure section M of the shear layer provides the possibility of narrowing the width of the plane of the cross section of 0.2-2.5 mm and all the effects associated with this, because . the main plate 4 protects the edge 11 of the transition angle of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b formed between the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the surface of the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5b, and this eliminates the angle of the edge 11 of the thin cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c, crack nucleation and fracture.

The location of the boundaries of the exits 20 of the cavities 19a for refrigerant and lubricant in the friction and pressure section M of the shear layer and the chips allows increasing the pressure of the refrigerant in the direction along the front surface 9a to the cutting edge 7, because the direction from the cutting edge is blocked by the contact of the sheared layer with the main plate in the pressure section M of the sheared layer and the chips after exits 20, and the location of the mating surface 12 of the cutting plate 5, 5a, 5c at an angle of 15-45 degrees deviation of its longitudinal cutting plane from the cutting surface gives advantage in the direction of the cutting edge 7, which increases the pressure of the refrigerant and lubricant in the direction of the cutting edge 7 and delivers lubrication and cooling through the unevenness of the lower surface of the descending cut layer and chips to the cutting edge 7 along the surface of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, which cannot be achieved with known cooling systems in which pressure is lost and the directions change along the path to the cutting edge. Thus, the outputs 20 provide cooling of the surface of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c beyond the contact of the cavities 19a. Thus, the pressure center portion M is cooled and lubricated, regardless of the contact density of the lower plane of the shear layer with the plane of the front surface 9a and 9. Moreover, when the pressure element cavities 19a are directed towards the cutting edge along the rear surface 16a, taking into account the small pressure distance element 8 from the formed treated surface, there is no significant pressure loss in the direction of the refrigerant and lubricant, because a water plug is formed and by the principle of a piston or parachute according to the laws of hydraulics, the pressure does not lose its original direction, as in the case of a perpendicular direction to the cutting surface.

At the opposite end 15c of the cutting insert 5c from the end 15a containing the cutting edge 7, a plurality of fixing cut-outs 17 are made, which, when cutting, allow locking from displacement between the pressing member 8 and the main plate 4 parallel to the cutting surface U, and the longitudinal groove 21 from offset in the direction of action of the cutting forces, due to its connection with the protrusion 22 or the groove of the clamping element 8 or the protrusion 22 or the groove of the main plate 4. The cutting plate 5c with the locking device, made in this way, is widely preferred it is complete during turning, this makes it possible to perform cutting angles for situational cutting conditions, depending on the mechanical properties of the processed material, the deterioration of the machine mechanisms, the equipment's ability to increase the pressure of the refrigerant and lubricant and its availability in principle, to select the optimal angles aimed at resistance or directed on the quality of the processed surface, depending on the purpose of the manufactured part. The sharpening of the angle improves the quality of the processed surface, and its increase increases the resistance.

The combined common plane Ap of the front surface provides a reduction in the bending deformation of the sheared layer and the descending chips, since bending decreases mechanically with increasing curling freedom, which is facilitated by the angle Y of the deviation of the end face 10 of the surface of the main plate 4 from the direction of the feed vector P more by 2-7 degrees than the deviation from the direction of the feed vector P of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert.

A convexity 23 is made on the end surface 10 of the main plate, which is 0.3-0.7 mm higher than the total composite assembly plane of the front surface and, in particular, the plane of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate provides work with reducing contact of the cut layer with the front the surface of the body of the insert and contact with the edge 11 of the transition angle.

The assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane Ap of the front surface 9a of the cutting edge 7, provides a joint shift of the cut layer with a joint perception of destructive values.

The device for fixing the cutting insert 5, 5c to the pressing element 8 and the main insert 4 is made with a recess or protrusion in the mating plane of the cutting insert, coinciding with a recess or convexity of the mating surface (not shown in FIG.), And works similarly to the above.

The cutting forces along the longitudinal section along H the cutting plate 5, 5B perceives focusing in the clamping element 8 and in the main plate 4.

The cavities 19a, 19b are provided with refrigerant through the entrances from the housing to the main plate and the exits from it (not shown in FIG.).

The screw 2 and the clamping element 8 are configured to exclude contact with the treated surface, which improves or ensures its quality and reduces friction of the structure.

The clamping element 8 can be connected to the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert, and the main plate 4 is connected to the rear 16a surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate, which also provides all technical effects according to the same operating principles.

End face 10 of the surface of the main plate 4 is made at an angle of deviation from its surface of the base 24 of more than 90 degrees, coupled with the body, and at an angle of deviation from the calculated direction of the feed vector P to reduce the bending of the shear layer.

The combined plane of the main and cutting plates, the common plane Ap of the front surface of the cutting edge, is made at a negative, zero, or positive main rake angle, which increases resistance with a negative angle and improves the surface quality with a positive angle. This also applies to the execution of only the front surface 9a of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert.

A cutting insert mounted between mounting parts (not shown in FIG.) Having individual clamping screws, the axes of which intersect mainly at an angle of 90 degrees, has similar advantages inherent to a cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b based on the design of the base plate 4.

The cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c, made of a material whose hardness exceeds the hardness of diamond, works improved with a distance from the cutting edge to the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert of 0.2-2.5 mm. Moreover, a material whose hardness exceeds the hardness of diamond is made of diamond, or polycrystalline diamond, or other superhard composite nanomaterials, such as boron nitride.

The screw 2 has a conical head 25, conjugated with the conical surface of the pressing element 8 or the cutting plate 5a, which allows clamping without contact with the treated surface and at the same time providing structural strength to the cross section of the pressing element 8 or cutting plate 5a to increase the pressing forces near the cutting edge 7, providing high refrigerant pressure, for example 21 at.

The plane H of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b, when connected to the main plate 4, is directed in the direction of action of the sum of the forces consisting of the forces opposite to the feed direction and the pressure direction forces of the shear layer to eliminate the bending load on the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5c having a thin section.

At each end 15 of the cutting insert 5c, a cutting edge 7 and a cutout 17 are made for fixation so as to be able to install the cutting insert 5c having any number of interchangeable cutting edges.

The cavities when connecting the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b, 5c with the main plate 4 and the clamping element 8 are equipped with a cooled gasket (not shown in Fig.) With a heat resistance of 1700 degrees, which ensures the stability of the cutting process of the painted design features of the cutting tool.

The cooling cavities 19a, 19b, made on both sides of the cutting insert 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, when connecting this cutting insert to the main plate 4 and the clamping element 8 are configured to operate under high pressure, which eliminates vaporization and increases the cooling efficiency of each cooling systems.

Claims (21)

1. A cutting tool comprising a housing, a fixing device including a fixing screw, characterized in that it is provided with an open cooling system, the cutting insert being mounted on the main insert and the connection of the main insert to the cutting insert formed by the composite assembly extending from the line of the cutting edge into a common plane the front surface of the cutting edge in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, with the composite team the total plane of the front surface of the cutting to ohms made with the possibility of joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the cut layer in the area of friction and pressure of the cut layer, and the main plate is made with the possibility of protecting the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert from the action of the cut layer and the chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the surface of the body of the cutting insert, mating with the surface of the main plate, and the cutting plate is made with a width of the plane of the cross section of 0.2-3 mm, while the cutting the plate is installed with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its longitudinal section plane at an angle of 15-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal secant plane from the cutting surface and at an angle of 75-45 degrees of deviation of its longitudinal secant plane from the axis of the fastening screw, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body when connected to the main insert, the cutting insert is directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting of the forces opposite to the feed direction and the pressure direction forces of the shear layer, while the composition the prefabricated plane of the front surface is formed by the main plate and the cutting plate pressed against the main plate by a clamping element, made with the possibility of pressing two supporting surfaces opposite to the fastening screw screwed into the housing through the holes of the clamping element and the main plate, and one supporting surface of the clamping element is made with the possibility of contact stop in the main plate, the other supporting surface of the clamping element is made with the possibility of contact abutment to the cutting insert, and the ends of the cutting insert are made with cutting edges, including planes of the front and rear surfaces of the cutting edge, and with cutouts for fixing, matching their shape with the shape of the protrusions for fixing made on the main plate, while in the main plate, the pressure element and the cutting plate have cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with exits with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the rear and front surfaces of the cutting edge, while the cavities for refrigerant and lubrication of the main plas ins are configured to output their borders located on further the friction and pressure portion of the shear layer and the chip. 2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting insert is installed between fastening parts having individual clamping screws, the axes of which intersect mainly at an angle of 90 degrees. 3. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the focus on the cutting forces along the longitudinal section of the cutting plate has a clamping element and the main plate. 4. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the screw and the clamping element are configured to exclude contact with the treated surface. 5. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that at each end of the cutting insert, a cutting edge and a cutout for fixing are simultaneously made. 6. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or made in radius in the projection of the cross section. 7. A cutting tool comprising a housing, a fastening device including a fastening screw, characterized in that it is provided with an open cooling system, while the cutting plate is mounted on the main plate and the connection of the end surface of the main plate with the cutting plate is formed by a composite assembly extending from the line of the cutting edge the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, the composite prefabricated common plane of the front the surface of the cutting edge is made with the possibility of joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the cut layer in the area of friction and pressure of the cut layer, and the main plate is made with the possibility of protecting the transition edge of the corner of the cutting plate from the action of the cut layer and chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting body the plate and the surface of the body of the cutting plate mated to the surface of the main plate, and the distance from the cutting edge to the transition edge of the cutting plate with sets 0.2-2.5 mm, and the cutting insert is installed with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its plane of longitudinal section, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting plate when connected to the main plate is mainly directed in the direction of action of the sum of forces consisting of forces reciprocal to the feed direction and pressure direction forces of the shear layer, while the composite prefabricated plane of the front surface is formed by the main plate and the cutting plate equipped with replaceable cutting edges at the ends with holes and made with an aperture, while the mating surfaces of the cutting and the main inserts are made with the possibility of fixation, and the mating surfaces of the main and cutting inserts are tapering with the vertex towards the hole, while in the main plate and in the cutting insert there are cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with outputs with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the front and rear surfaces of the cutting edge, while the cavity for the refrigerant and lubrication of the main plate are made so that the boundaries of their exits are located the friction and pressure of the cut layer and chips, and the cooling cavity is made with the possibility of working under pressure. 8. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the prefabricated common plane of the front surface is configured to reduce bending deformation of the shear layer and the descending chip. 9. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that a convexity is made on the end surface of the main plate, which is 0.3-0.7 mm higher than the total composite assembly plane of the front surface and, in particular, the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the cutting body plates. 10. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made with the possibility of a joint shift of the cut layer. 11. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the refrigerant cavities have entrances from the housing to the main plate and exits from it. 12. The cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the end surfaces of the main plate are made at an angle of deviation from its base surface, conjugated with the body and at an angle of deviation from the calculated direction of the feed vector. 13. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or made in radius in the projection of the cross section. 14. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the plane of the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle. 15. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the cutting insert is made of superhard material. 16. The cutting tool according to claim 7, characterized in that the fastening screw has a conical head mating with the conical surface of the cutting insert. 17. A cutting tool comprising a housing, a fastening device including a fastening screw, characterized in that it is provided with an open cooling system, the cutting insert being mounted on the main plate and the connection of the main plate to the cutting plate formed by the composite assembly extending from the line of the cutting edge into a common plane the front surface in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, and the composite prefabricated common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made with the possibility of joint perception of friction, heat and pressure of the shear layer in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer, the main plate being configured to protect the transition edge of the corner of the cutting insert from the action of the cut layer and the chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate and the body surface a cutting insert mating with the surface of the main insert, the cutting insert being made with a cross-sectional plane width of 0.2-3 mm, and the cutting insert being installed Lena with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its plane of longitudinal section, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting insert when connected to the main plate is mainly directed in the direction of action of the sum of the forces consisting of forces opposite to the feed direction and pressure direction forces of the shear layer, this composite prefabricated plane of the front surface is formed by the main plate and the cutting plate, made with the possibility of multiple undercutting of the cutting corners under the conditions and conditions of cutting I, depending on the purpose of the given manufactured part, and containing at one end a cutting edge and at the other opposite end, a plurality of fixing cutouts arranged in a row along the length of this opposite end of the cutting insert, the fixing cutouts of the cutting plate being connected to a fixing protrusion made on the main the plate and having a shape identical to the shape of the fixing cutouts of the cutting insert, and on the surface of the cutting insert mated with the main plate, a longitudinal groove or protrusion is made, coincide a groove or protrusion of the mating surface of the main plate and the clamping element, while in the main plate, the clamping element and in the cutting plate there are cavities for refrigerant and lubricant with outlets with the possibility of their direction to the cutting edge along the front surface of the cutting edge, while the cavity for the refrigerant and lubrication of the main plate are additionally designed so that the boundaries of their exits are located on the friction and pressure section of the shear layer and chips. 18. The cutting tool according to claim 17, characterized in that the assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made in radius in the projection of the cross section. 19. A cutting tool comprising a housing, a fixing device including a fixing screw, characterized in that it is provided with a closed cooling system, the cutting insert being mounted on the main insert and the connection of the end surface of the main insert to the cutting insert is formed by a composite assembly extending from the cutting edge line the common plane of the front surface in the area of friction and pressure of the shear layer at a distance of 0.07-3 mm from the line of the cutting edge, the composite prefabricated common plane of the front surface edge grooves formed by the main plate and the cutting insert is configured to jointly perceive friction, heat and pressure of the shear layer in the friction and pressure section of the shear layer, the main plate being configured to protect the transition edge of the corner of the cutting plate from the action of the shear layer and the chips formed between the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting insert and the surface of the body of the cutting plate mating with the surface of the main plate, the distance from the cutting edge d about the transition edge of the cutting insert is 0.2-2.5 mm, and the cutting insert is installed with the possibility of eliminating the load of bending forces on its plane of longitudinal section, while the plane of the longitudinal section of the body of the cutting plate when connected to the main plate is mainly directed in the direction of action of the sum forces, consisting of forces opposite to the feed direction, and pressure direction forces of the layer being cut, while the cutting element is equipped with refrigerant cavities made with the possibility of eliminating the ingress of refrigerant agent into the cutting zone, while the deviation of the end surface of the main plate from the direction of the feed vector is 2-7 degrees more than the deviation from the direction of the supply vector of the front surface of the cutting edge of the body of the cutting plate, while the cutting plate is fixed and pressed to the main plate by a pressing element or fastening screw. 20. The cutting tool according to p. 19, characterized in that the cavity when connecting the cutting insert to the main plate and the clamping element is equipped with a cooled gasket with a heat resistance of 1700 degrees. 21. The cutting tool according to claim 19, characterized in that the assembly of the main and cutting plates, the common plane of the front surface of the cutting edge is made at a negative, zero or positive main rake angle or is made in radius in the projection of the cross section.

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