RU2554451C1 - Ridger-seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: ridger-seeder includes the sowing devices, covering rollers, fixed on the ridge former frame. The ridge formers contain a stand, a centre hoe, a breast and a bracket. The bracket is mounted on the stand. On the bracket the adjusting disk with an axis is rigidly fixed. Under the adjusting disk with a possibility of rotation around its rotation centre the additional disk is installed. The adjusting and additional disks have holes located along the periphery at the same distance from their centre. Under the additional disk the guiding bracket with a half shaft and a breast is rigidly fixed. The breast is designed flat and installed on a half shaft with possibilities of change of its position by height along the stand with reference to the cutting edges of the centre hoe and an angle of attack in the horizontal plane, and also fixing in the required position. The breasts of each pair of ridge formers are installed symmetrically with reference to the line of sowed seeds at an angle the aperture of which faces towards the ridger-seeder movement. The covering rollers have a frame, spherical disks, covering rings, an axis, a rod with a spring and are located behind the ridge former.

EFFECT: invention allows to improve quality of seeding of tilled crops and formation of soil ridges above the sowed seeds.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seeders for ridge sowing of row crops.

Known seeder [Comb seeder. Patent RU No. 2334385. - Publ. September 27, 2008, Byul. No. 27], including ridge formers mounted on the frame, sowing devices in the form of hollow drums with plunger seed ejectors installed inside them, rolling rollers and disk earthing devices. The sowing units are located inside the packer rollers. The packer rollers have an elastic outer rim, and plunger ejectors of seeds are connected to the elastic outer rim.

However, the known device has several disadvantages, which include:

- unsatisfactory quality of sowing of row crops;

- low quality of the formed ridges of the soil.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of sowing and the formation of ridges of soil over sown seeds.

This goal is achieved by the fact that ridge formers contain a rack, lancet paw, blade and bracket. The bracket is mounted on a rack. An adjustment disk with an axis is rigidly fixed to the bracket. An additional disk is mounted under the adjusting disk with the possibility of rotation around its axis. The adjusting and additional disks have openings located on the periphery at the same distance from their center, and a guide bracket with a half shaft and a blade are rigidly fixed under the additional disk. The blade is made flat and mounted on the semi-axis with the possibility of changing its position in height along the rack relative to the cutting edges of the lancet paw and the angle of attack in the horizontal plane, as well as fixing in the required position, and the dumps of each pair of comb-generators are installed symmetrically with respect to the line of sown seeds at angles α, the solution of which is directed towards the movement of the ridge seeder, and the angle α has a size determined by the ratio

,

,

where r is the blade radius;

θ is the contact angle of the blade with the soil;

H is the height of the soil ridge;

h is the depth of immersion of the blade into the soil;

γ is the angle of repose of the soil;

B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge.

The packer rollers contain a frame, spherical discs, packer rings, an axle, a rod with a spring and are located behind the crest formers.

Figure 1 shows a ridge seeder, a top view, figure 2 is the same side view, figure 3 is a comb tool, side view, figure 4 is a comb tool, top view, figure 5 is a cross-section of the comb tool lines AA.

The ridge seeder contains a frame 1, sowing units 2 and packer rollers 3. On the frame 1 in each sowing section, ridge formers 4 are installed.

Each combing unit 4 comprises a stand 5, a knife-shaped stand 6, a lancet paw 7. A bracket 8 is mounted on the stand 5. An adjustment disk 9 with an axis 10 is fixed on the bracket 8. An additional disk 11 is mounted under the adjustment disk 9 with a possibility of rotation around its axis. the disk 9 and the additional disk 11 have openings 12 located at the periphery at the same distance from their center. Under the additional disk 11, a guide bracket 13 with a half shaft 14 and a blade 15. The shaft 14 is mounted in a guide bracket 13. A cylindrical body 16 with a bearing 17 is fixed on the blade 15. The blade 15 is made flat and rotatably mounted on the half shaft 14 with a bearing 17 around its axis, changing its height position along the strut 5 relative to the cutting edges of the lancet paw 7 and changing the angle of attack in the horizontal plane. The required position of the blade 15 in height relative to the cutting edges of the lancet paw 7 is set by moving the axle shaft 14 together with the blade 15 in the groove of the guide bracket 13 and fixed with a nut 18 screwed onto the threaded part of the axle shaft 14. The required blade angle 15 is set by rotating the additional disk 11 together with the guide the bracket 13 and the axle shaft 14 around the axis 10 of the adjusting disk 9 and fix in the required position by a bolt 19 inserted into one of the holes 12. Blades 15 of each pair of comb formers 4 set enes symmetrically relative to a line of seeds sown at angles α, the solution of which is directed towards the ridge motion drills, wherein the angle α has a size determined by the relation

,

,

where r is the blade radius;

θ is the contact angle of the blade with the soil;

H is the height of the soil ridge;

h is the depth of immersion of the blade into the soil;

γ is the angle of repose of the soil;

B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge.

The press rollers 3 on the frame 1 of the ridge seeder are fixed by means of brackets 20.

The packer rollers 3 contain a composite frame consisting of side beams 21, longitudinal beams 22 and transverse beams 23 and 24. On the side beams 21, spherical disks 25 are installed with a convexity to the axis of symmetry of the roller, with the ability to change the installation angle to the direction of movement of the ridge seeder along with the side beams 21, which are fixed in the desired position of the transverse beam 23 by means of locking bolts 26 inserted into the holes 27. On the longitudinal beams 22, an axis 28 is installed. On the axis 28 are located freely rotating on her rolling stake kt 29. The packer rollers 3 also contain a rod 30 with a spring 31. The packer rollers 3 are located behind the combing units 4, with the possibility of changing their position in the vertical plane and regulating the pressure on the soil by means of the spring 31, and the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the packer rollers 3 coincide with the line of seeders seed.

The sowing apparatus 2 is connected by the vas deferens 32 with the opener 33 mounted on the frame 1. The opener 33 mounted in front of the comb 4.

The ridge seeder operates as follows. Preliminarily using the sowing apparatus 2 set the required seeding rate. Set the required depth of seed placement using the opener paws 33. Depending on the required dimensions of the soil ridge (H is the height of the soil ridge and B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge), the required depth of the lancet paws 7 and the immersion depth h of the dumps 15 are set over the sown seeds into the soil, as well as the necessary angles of attack α dumps 15 to the direction of movement of the ridge seeder. By compressing the springs 31, the necessary pressure of the rolling rollers 3 is established on the formed tubercle of the soil.

With the movement of the ridge seeder, the coulter paws 33 with lancet paws 7 ridge formers 4 loosen the soil and cut the weeds. The sowing apparatus 2 through the seed ducts 32 direct the seeds to the opener legs 33, which place the seeds to the required depth, and then the combing machines 4 with the dumps 15 sprinkle the seeds with a loose and heated layer of soil, displaced from the rows, thereby forming a tubercle of soil above the sown seeds of the required sizes. The packer rollers 3 are rolled over the formed soil tubercles, copying their relief, and compacted: spherical discs 25 mounted on the convex side to the axis of symmetry of the packer roller 3 to more evenly compact the soil, together with the packer rings 29 and due to the pressure of the spring 31 form a soil comb, sealing it on three sides. In this case, the packing rings 29 compact the top of the soil tubercle, and the spherical disks 25 - the sides of the soil tubercle and finally form the soil ridge of the required size and density.

The implementation of ridge formers 4 in the form of lancet paws 7 with dumps 15 mounted on the frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern, and the installation of dumps 15 of each pair of ridge formers 4 symmetrically with respect to the line of sowed seeds at the same angle, the solution of which is directed in the direction of movement of the ridge seeder, allows you to form ridges of soil above sown seeds of the required size.

The presence of press rollers 3 located behind the ridge formers 4, containing a composite frame, spherical disks 25, axis 28, press rings 29, rod 30 with spring 31, with the possibility of changing the position of the press roller 3 in the vertical plane and adjusting its pressure on the soil, as well as change the angle of attack of the spherical disks 25 to the direction of movement of the ridge seeder increases the quality of the formation of ridges of the soil above the sown seeds, by bringing the density of the soil in the ridge to the desired value, since the formed above the sown seeds by ridge formers 4, the tubercle of the soil is compacted by rolling rollers 3 on three sides with the necessary pressure, helping to maintain the shape of the finally formed soil ridges throughout the growing season. This improves the quality of sowing and improves the temperature regime, water and air conditions for the development of plants.

Claims (1)

A ridge seeder, including ridge formers mounted on the frame, sowing machines, rolling rollers, characterized in that the ridge formers contain a stand, lancet foot, blade and bracket, while the bracket is mounted on a rack and the adjustment disk with an axis is fixed on it, with an axis under which an additional disk is installed around its axis of rotation; moreover, the adjustment and additional disks have holes located at the periphery at the same distance from their center, and under the additional disk m, a guide bracket with a half shaft and a blade is rigidly fixed, which is flat and mounted on the half shaft with the ability to change its position in height along the rack relative to the cutting edges of the lancet paw and the angle of attack in the horizontal plane, as well as fixation in the required position, and dumps of each pair of combing machines installed symmetrically with respect to the line of sown seeds at angles α, the solution of which is directed towards the movement of the ridge seeder, and the angle α has a size determined by sheniem

,
where r is the blade radius;
θ is the contact angle of the blade with the soil;
H is the height of the soil ridge;
h is the depth of immersion of the blade into the soil;
γ is the angle of repose of the soil;
B is the width of the upper base of the soil ridge,
In addition, the packer rollers contain a frame, spherical discs, packer rings, an axle, a rod with a spring, and are located behind the ridge formers.

Images