RU2551856C1 - Method of deep processing of vegetable organic fuel without chemical binding components and bricketed fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood working industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of deep processing of wood sawdust and leaves without chemical cementing components, characterized by that they are sieved for removal of large-size elements, loaded into a dryer for decrease of humidity down to 10%, crushed until obtaining of a mix of particles with the size less than 15 mm and the volume no more than 0.5-1.0 cm³, formed, pressed at the pressure 120-140 kg/cm² and the temperature 250-350°C without air access. The invention describes also the briquette obtained by the named method.

EFFECT: obtaining robust briquettes from wood sawdust and leaves, without using the chemical cementing components.

5 cl, 8 ex

Description

The method and briquetted fuel from sawdust and leaves relate to the production of solid fuel in the form of briquettes and can be used as a substitute for natural solid fuel for domestic needs and in industry.

A fuel briquette is known that contains a dried mixture of crushed solid fuels from the group: sawdust, peat, dehydrated bird droppings, dehydrated manure, etc. and / or their mixture, as well as a precipitate from wastewater treatment, and a binder selected from the group: lignosulfonate, molasses and / or clay and / or paraffin or paraffin wax. Briquetting is carried out at a pressure of 1-30 MPa, and drying is carried out at a temperature of less than 300 ° C. Before pressing, the components of the binder are mixed and heated to 60-80 ° C or mixed with heating at this temperature [1].

A limitation of the briquette production method is that a binder is required.

The closest to the proposed invention in essence and the achieved result is an invention that relates to the production of solid fuel in the form of briquettes and can be used as a substitute for natural solid fuel for household needs and in industry. The fuel briquette contains 10-30% of the crushed plant component and / or peat, 2-10% of a neutralizing additive, 30-60% of acid tar, and the rest, up to 100, is sludge from wastewater treatment. A method of obtaining this briquette includes dosing and mixing the above components and drying the briquettes at a temperature of 20-200 ° C for 0.5-20 hours [2].

A disadvantage of the known briquetted fuel is the lack of mechanical strength, which leads to the destruction of briquettes during transport and cargo operations and, consequently, to increased costs when using briquettes.

To solve this problem, a method for manufacturing a briquette with a high lignin content is proposed, the seasonal problem of fallen leaves when obtaining this type of fuel is solved.

EFFECT: hardening briquettes and reducing costs when using them.

A method for the deep processing of wood sawdust and leaves without the use of chemical fastening components is proposed, characterized in that they are passed through a sieve to remove large-sized elements, loaded into a dryer to reduce humidity to 10%, and ground to obtain a mixture of particles of less than 15 mm and a volume of individual particles not more than 0.5-1.0 cm ³ , molded, pressed under pressure at 120-140 kg / cm and a temperature of 250-350 ° C without air. The method is characterized in that they process a mixture consisting of 80% leaves and 20% wood sawdust.

The briquette is characterized in that it contains foliage and sawdust, has a melted surface.

The briquette is characterized in that it contains foliage and sawdust of conifers in a ratio of 80% and 20%, respectively.

The briquette is also characterized in that it has a rectangular shape.

The production of this bioenergy fuel should be organized on the basis of the production of pellet fuel, which will avoid the specified seasonal factor.

The following are examples of the production of solid fuels from various mixtures.

Example 1

Vegetable fuel (branches, foliage, sawdust, peat, dehydrated manure) weighing 950 kg is passed through a sieve to remove large-sized elements, loaded into a dryer to reduce humidity to 10%, crushed to obtain a mixture of particles of 10 mm and a volume of individual particles of 0, 5 cm ³ , molded, pressed under pressure at 140 kg / cm ² and a temperature of 350 ° C without air. Strong briquettes with a fused surface are obtained.

Example 2

Seasonal foliage and sawdust are passed through a sieve to remove large-sized elements, loaded into a dryer to reduce humidity to 10%, crushed to obtain a mixture of 12 mm particles and a volume of individual particles of 0.8 cm ³ , molded, pressed under pressure at 130 kg / cm ² and a temperature of 300 ° C without access to air. Strong rectangular briquettes are obtained.

Example 3

Foliage and sawdust of conifers (800 and 200 kg, respectively) are passed through a sieve to remove large-sized elements, loaded into a dryer to reduce humidity to 10%, crushed to obtain a mixture of particles of 14 mm and a volume of individual particles of 1.0 cm ³ , molded, pressed under pressure at 120 kg / cm ² and a temperature of 250 ° C without air.

Strong rectangular briquettes with a fused surface are obtained.

Example 4

A mixture of 30% sawdust (300 kg) and 30% straw (300 kg) and 40% high-pressure polyethylene (400 kg) is processed, the humidity is reduced to 8.5%, pressed in the form of granules, the fuel was held for three months in an open area on fuel depot. The moisture content of the fuel after exposure was 9.5%.

Example 5

A mixture containing 300 kg of wood, 300 kg of grain waste, 10 kg of husk, 150 kg of peat (with a moisture content after drying of 10%) and 250 kg of low-pressure polyethylene is processed, the moisture is reduced to 9%, pressed in the form of granules, the fuel is held for three months in an open area in a fuel depot. The moisture content of the fuel after exposure was 10%.

Example 6

A mixture of 670 kg of paper waste, 300 kg of plant stems (with a moisture content after drying of 9%), 30 kg of polypropylene is processed, and solid fuel with a moisture content of 8.9% is obtained in the form of granules, which is kept for three months in an open area in a fuel warehouse. Humidity after exposure was 8%.

Example 7

From a mixture containing 300 kg of wood, 300 kg of grain, 10 kg of husk, 150 kg of peat (with a moisture content after drying of 10%) and 250 kg of low-pressure polyethylene, solid fuel with a moisture content of 8.9% was obtained in the form of granules, which was held for three months in an open area in a fuel depot. Humidity after exposure was 9.5%. Solid fuel was burned in boiler 15 Altai.

Example 8

From a mixture containing 670 kg of paper waste, 300 kg of plant stems (with a moisture content after drying of 10%), 30 kg of polypropylene, solid fuel with a moisture content of 8.9% in the form of granules was obtained, which was kept for three months in an open area in a fuel warehouse. Humidity after exposure was 9.5%. Solid fuel was burned in the Altai boiler. Granules were fed into the gas generation chamber. The temperature in the chamber was 600 ° C. The insufficient amount of air in the chamber led to the gasification process, in which solid fuel was converted into synthesis gas. When burning synthesis gas, the temperature was 1250-1450 ° C. The specific heat of combustion of a fuel with a moisture content of 8.9% is 25.2 MJ / kg, fuel with a moisture content of 9.5% is 24.9 MJ / kg.

Foliage briquette from organic materials, mainly from foliage, is made by compressing foliage under a pressure of about 120 kg / cm ² . At this pressure, a sticky substance of natural origin is released from 20% sawdust and 80% foliage. Therefore, briquettes do not crumble after relieving pressure.

So, a mixture of 20% wood sawdust (200 kg) and 80% leaves (800 kg), passed through a large sieve to remove large-sized elements, is loaded into a drum dryer to reduce moisture to an acceptable 10%.

The technology for producing fuel briquettes from foliage is based on the process of pressing finely chopped wood waste (sawdust) 20% and 80% of foliage under high pressure with heating at 250-350 ° C with minimal air access. The resulting fuel briquettes do not include any binders, except one natural lignin contained in the cells of plant waste. The temperature during pressing contributes to the melting of the surface of the briquettes, which due to this becomes more durable, which is important for transporting briquettes.

Technological chain: raw material harvesting (recyclable waste), preparation of the bioenergy component (shredder / fine grinding, drying), heating mixer, forming a rectangular shape with rounded edges - agglomerate, extruder. It is possible to use a drying and grinding mill of high power to avoid problems due to the 4 hazard class of urban foliage

Coniferous foliage is advisable. It is also advisable that the added sawdust belong to conifers due to the high lignin content and high energy capacity.

The described briquette can be used as fuel in boiler rooms, as well as in the home sector with closed-type boilers and a chimney system of direct output.

This briquette will help to solve, including the seasonal problem of fallen leaves.

Information sources

1. RF patent Fuel briquette and method for its preparation, No. 2130047, IPC ⁶ C10L 5/02, C10L 5/44, C10L 5/12, C10L 5/14, claimed 04/06/1998.

2. RF patent. Fuel briquette and method for its preparation, No. 2205205 (C1), IPC7 C10L 5/44, C10L 5/46, C10L 5/48, C10L 5/1 6, claimed 03/28/2002.

Claims (5)

1. A method for the deep processing of wood sawdust and leaves without the use of chemical fastening components, characterized in that they are passed through a sieve to remove large-sized elements, loaded into a dryer to reduce humidity to 10%, ground to obtain a mixture of particles less than 15 mm and a volume of individual particles not more than 0.5-1.0 cm ³ , molded, pressed under pressure at 120-140 kg / cm ² and a temperature of 250-350 ° C without air. 2. The method according to p. 1, in which they process a mixture consisting of 80% leaves and 20% wood sawdust. 3. The briquette obtained by the method according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains foliage and sawdust, has a melted surface. 4. The briquette under item 3, characterized in that it contains foliage and sawdust of conifers in a ratio of 80% and 20%, respectively. 5. The briquette according to claim 3, characterized in that it has a rectangular shape.