RU2544402C1 - Hydraulic turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: this turbine comprises water duct 1 connected with top and bottom cases 3 and 6 accommodating impeller 2 with buckets 4 arranged regularly at the disc and made of two identical all-in-one metal sheets to produce the angle smaller than 180 degrees there between and stiffness rib on opposite side. Through hole is made at the centre of every sheet. Turbine impeller 2 shaft 5 is arranged on LH and RH interconnected stator column reinforced concrete supports. Stator sealing walls, inner surfaces of cases 3 and 6 and rings 11 secured at stator columns to cover the disc of impeller 2 form the toroid rectangular section channel.

EFFECT: simple and reliable high output turbine, longer life.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydropower, and in particular to the field of electric energy production.

The known device according to the patent RU 2162914 is closest to the proposed solution.

A known device includes a pressure head conduit with a water intake in the river and a gate. The pressure water conduit has a slope smaller than the slope of the river bottom and connects the water intake to the intermediate reservoir, from which the pressure water conduit of the active turbine connected with the generator shaft originates. In the intermediate tank between the inlet of the pressure head conduit and the inlet to the turbine conduit, a flow damper is installed, made in the form of a wall with holes. Each turbine impeller bucket is made in the form of two bent gutters diverging at an angle and mounted on the impeller with the possibility of rotation around its mounting axis. The known device allows to reduce the capacity of the intermediate surge tank without disturbing the processes of filling and emptying it and to increase the efficiency of active bucket turbines when used to generate electricity from small rivers.

The disadvantages of the known device are the presence of an intermediate surge tank, the presence of a nozzle water supply system and a flow damper in which the buckets move, overcoming the water resistance.

The objective of the invention is to remedy the above disadvantages and to develop the design of the flow path of the turbine, and the impeller of the turbine and buckets with reference to the flow path.

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that the hydraulic turbine includes a water conduit connected to the upper and lower casings, inside which there is an impeller, with buckets mounted uniformly on the disk, made of two identical metal sheets that are inseparably connected to each other with an angle less than between them 180 ° and stiffeners on the opposite side, with a through hole in the center of each sheet, and the turbine impeller shaft located on the right and left fastened together reinforced concrete supports of the stator columns, the sealing walls of which, the inner surfaces of the casings and the rings mounted on the stator columns and covering the wheel disk, form a channel of rectangular cross-section of the toroid.

The device is illustrated by the following drawings:

figure 1 - diagram of the turbine installation;

figure 2 - section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 - connection diagram of the buckets with the impeller;

figure 4 is a view of B in figure 2;

5 is a view In figure 2.

The inventive device consists of the following elements:

Figure 1-2 presents: 1 - water conduit, 2 - turbine impeller, 3 - upper impeller casing, 4 - bucket, 5 - impeller shaft, 6 - lower casing, 7 - left stator column, 8 - right column stator, 9 - sealing wall, 10 - spillway guard, 11 - ring.

Figure 3-5 presents: 12 - connecting pin.

The device operates as follows. Water from the upper pool through the water conduit 1 is supplied to the turbine impeller and is discharged from it into the lower pool.

In the impeller 2 (Fig.1-2) of the turbine, the energy of the water is converted into mechanical energy of rotation of the shaft of the impeller 5, from which the rotor of the electric generator is converted into rotation, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy (not shown in the figure).

The main elements of the turbine installation are the impeller of the turbine 2, mounted on the impeller shaft 5 and rotating between the casings 3 and 6, covering the impeller from the outside, and the rings 11 from the inside, which cover the surface of the impeller disk. Impeller 2 is installed above the water level in the downstream.

The impeller 2 (Fig.1-2) consists of a disk with buckets 4. The working surface of the bucket 4 (see Fig.3-5) is made of two identical sheets connected at an angle less than 180 °, with the formation of a stiffener at the junction . To connect the bucket to the impeller, a stud 12 is used, welded to the edge at the junction of the sheets, perpendicular to their edge. Buckets are mounted evenly around the circumference of the wheel.

Between the casings 3 and 6, the sealing walls 9 and the rings 11 attached to the stator columns, a rectangular channel is formed for passing the buckets 4. When the jet flows onto the working surface of the bucket 4, the energy of the water is converted into the mechanical energy of rotation of the impeller 2 of the turbine. Water, falling from the conduit to the working surface of the bucket, moves with it to the spillway.

To drain excess water in the buckets, through holes are provided located in the central part of the sheets forming it. When pushing water to the spillway, the stiffener of the bucket 4 cuts through the flow of water, reducing the likelihood of water hammer. Ladles 4, freed from water, move along a channel of rectangular cross section, but already in free space without water. Thus, a continuous rectangular toroidal channel is formed for the passage of buckets 4 of the impeller 2. The rings 11 close the space of the rectangular channel from excess water, which can enter the plane of the disk of the impeller 2.

Buckets 4 are attached to the edge of the impeller disk 2 using studs 12 welded to the buckets.

The base of the hydraulic turbine consists of left and right reinforced concrete columns of the stator 7 and 8. On the supports of these structures, the turbine impeller shaft is mounted with access to the electric generator. A rectangular channel formed by sealing walls 9, rings 11 and casings 3 and 6 is mounted between columns 7 and 8. Reinforced concrete columns are connected to each other and to hydraulic turbine casings by bolted connections.

Thus, the advantage of the proposed device is the compactness of the hydraulic turbine due to the fact that a rectangular channel is used. To eliminate hydraulic shock to the bucket against the stream of water, holes and a stiffener formed by the surfaces of the bucket are provided.

The proposed hydraulic turbine is structurally simple and cheap to manufacture and operate compared to existing ones and is designed for a mini-hydroelectric power station. As a result, the power of the turbine increases due to a more complete use of water energy in the proposed cylindrical channel with a rectangular cross section.

The following types of water energy are used to rotate the impeller:

, где p - давление воды, ρ - удельная плотность воды, g - ускорение свободного падения;1) pressure energy $$\frac{p}{\rho g}$$

where p is the water pressure, ρ is the specific gravity of water, g is the acceleration of gravity;

2) potential energy z = z ₁ -z ₂ , where z ₁ is the level of the upper pool of water, z ₂ is the level of the lower pool of water;

, где ν - скорость движения воды.3) kinetic energy $$\frac{{\nu }^{}}{}$$$$\frac{{}^2}{2g}$$

where ν is the water velocity.

The turbine provides the conversion of water energy into shaft rotation energy at low and medium pressures and is designed to drive a hydroelectric generator and other machines and mechanisms.

The technical result of using the invention is as follows:

1. The increase in power due to a more complete use of the energy of the water flow due to the design features of the bucket and the rectangular channel of the toroidal shape.

2. Simplicity of designs and compactness due to the exclusion of nodes: intermediate equalization tank, nozzle water supply system and flow damper.

3. Increased durability of the hydraulic turbine due to the lack of water hammer during operation.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic turbine, including a water conduit connected to the upper and lower casings, inside which the impeller is located, with buckets mounted uniformly on the disk, made of two identical metal sheets, which are permanently connected to each other at an angle of less than 180 ° with the formation of stiffeners between them with the opposite side, with a through hole in the center of each sheet, and the turbine impeller shaft located on the right and left reinforced concrete supports of the stator columns, sealing the walls of which, the inner surfaces of the housings and rings, mounted on the stator columns and covering the wheel disk, form a channel of a rectangular cross section of the toroid.

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