RU2496756C1 - Low-sensitive explosive compound for electric detonator charging - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of primers and can be used in production of electric detonators without priming explosives, that are safe to charge and safe to handle. The low-sensitive explosive compound contains (in wt %): blasting explosive 70-95 and nano-metal 5-30. The blasting explosive used is dinitrodiamino ethylene and the nano-metal used is nano-copper or nano-silver.

EFFECT: compound has low potential hazard in making electric detonators and low probability of unauthorised triggering by mechanical or electromagnetic action, provides stable detonation with parameters that are sufficient for reliable secondary priming.

3 cl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of creating means of initiation and can be used in the manufacture of safe both with equipment and with the handling of electric detonators (ED) without initiating explosives (BB).

Known explosive composition (RF patent No. 2258689, IPC С06В 25/34, publ. 08/20/2005) for the manufacture of a detonating cord and a detonator capsule containing hexogen and 0.3-3% highly dispersed metal oxide from the group: Fe2O3, Fe3O4, PbO, Pb3O4, CuO, Al2O3, TiO2 with a specific surface area of 0.5-1.2 m2 / g and SiO2 with a specific surface area of 100-700 m2 / g or a mixture thereof. The invention is aimed at achieving a stable flowability of RDX and compositions based on it. The disadvantage of the invention is the use of sensitive explosives (EXPLOSIVES) - RDX, which increases the degree of danger in the manufacture of the composition in the process of equipping and operating ED.

Explosive composition for the manufacture of detonating cords and caps of detonators described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 22257367, IPC S06 B25 / 00, publ. 07/27/2005, contains hexogen, 10-40% coarse crystalline explosives - recrystallized hexogen or tetranitrate pentaerythritol or granular explosive - hexogen cemented with polymer or wax additives, or granular trotyl / hexogen or granular tetranitrate pentaerythritol, or 300 pentolite microns and 0.3-3.0% highly dispersed metal oxide. The invention is directed to the creation of a stably loose explosive composition for the manufacture of detonating cords and detonator capsules. The disadvantage of this invention is the high degree of danger in the equipment and use of ED.

Initiative explosive composition (RF patent No. 2309139, IPC СВВ 43/00, publ. 10/27/2007), sensitive to low-temperature laser radiation, containing 5-hydrazinotetrazolmercury (II) perchlorate, polymethylvinyltetrazole and detonation synthesis nanodiamonds. The invention is aimed at lowering the threshold of initiation of an explosive composition while maintaining high adhesion to the surface of the explosive, safety in handling. The field of application of the composition is limited by the means of initiation, in which laser radiation serves as the initial pulse.

A detonator is proposed (RF No. 2427786, IPC F42B 3/113, publ. 08/27/2011) based on a photosensitive explosive that uses a mixed photosensitive explosive made in the form of a material pressed to a density of 0.9-1.1 g / cm3 from a mixture of finely dispersed heating elements with a specific surface area of 4000-20000 cm / ² g and nanoaluminum with an average particle size of not more than 60 nm with a ratio of ingredients (parts by weight) from 75:15 to 95: 5, respectively. TEN in the formulation can be replaced by benzotrifuroxan. The composition described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2427786, selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the composition shown in the prototype is the use of highly sensitive explosives - heating elements (explosion frequency - 100%, friction sensitivity (lower limit) - 150 MPa) or BTF (explosive frequency - 84%, friction sensitivity (lower limit) - 100 MPa ) The use of such sensitive explosives leads to an increase in the degree of danger in the manufacture of detonators, and also increases the risk of unauthorized operation during operation. In addition, the proposed detonator is triggered by a laser pulse, while electric detonators are much more common in industry and military equipment.

The objective of the claimed invention is the development of an initiating composition based on low-sensitivity blasting explosives, designed to equip electric detonators. The new technical result will reduce the potential danger of manufacturing electric detonators and reduce the likelihood of their unauthorized exposure as a result of mechanical or electromagnetic effects.

A low-sensitivity explosive composition is proposed for the manufacture of electric detonators that are safe to use without the use of initiating explosives, including a mixture of blasting explosives and nanometall, which contains dinitrodiaminoethylene as a blasting explosive and nanocopper or nanosilver as a nanometall in the following ratio of components (wt.%):

dinitrodiaminoethylene 70-95 nanocopper or nanosilver 5-30

To prepare the composition, it is necessary to use dinitrodiaminoethylene with a particle size of 0.1 to 100 microns; nanometall with a particle size of 30 to 100 nm.

In a preferred embodiment, the composition contains dinitrodiaminoethylene with a particle size of (1-3) microns.

Nano-copper or nanosilver is expediently introduced into the composition with a particle size of (50-70) nm.

Dinitrodiaminoethylene is a blasting explosive with low sensitivity to mechanical stress: shock sensitivity according to GOST 4545 (frequency of explosions) when dropping a load of 10 kg from a height of 25 cm - 4%, sensitivity to shock friction (lower limit) - 392 MPa.

The addition of nanometal to dinitrodiaminoethylene makes it possible to obtain a mixture whose charges are sensitive to the effects of a high voltage electric discharge (3–9) kV, which contributes to the initiation of detonation in it.

The manufacturing process of the proposed explosive composition consists in the subsequent introduction of an appropriate sample of dinitrodiaminoethylene and nanometall into a volumetric mixer, followed by mechanical stirring until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

An example of the use of the composition.

Example 1

The composition prepared by the method described above with the ratio of the components of dinitrodiaminoethylene: nano-copper 85:15 (by weight) is pressed into the shell with a diameter of 6.0 mm to a density of 1400 g / cm ³ . The particle size of dinitrodiaminoethylene is (1-3) microns, nanomedi - (50-70) nm. When a high-voltage electric discharge is transmitted (U = 9 kV, pulse duration ~ 1 μs) through the charge, stable detonation is excited in it with parameters sufficient for reliable initiation of the secondary charge.

Example 2

The composition prepared as described above with a ratio of dinitrodiaminoethylene: nano-copper of 70:30 (by weight) is pressed into a shell with a diameter of 6.0 mm to a density of 1450 g / cm ³ . The particle size of dinitrodiaminoethylene is (1-3) microns, nanomedi - (50-70) nm. When a high-voltage electric discharge is transmitted (U = 9 kV, pulse duration ~ 1 μs) through the charge, stable detonation is excited in it with parameters sufficient for reliable initiation of the secondary charge.

Example 3

The composition prepared as described above with a ratio of dinitrodiaminoethylene: nano-copper of 95: 5 (by weight) is pressed into a shell with a diameter of 6.0 mm to a density of 1500 g / cm ³ . The particle size of dinitrodiaminoethylene is (1-3) microns, nanomedi - (50-70) nm. When a high-voltage electric discharge (U = 9 kV, pulse duration ~ 1 μs) is passed through the charge, stable detonation is excited in it with parameters sufficient for reliable initiation of the secondary charge.

Example 4

The composition prepared as described above with a ratio of dinitrodiaminoethylene: nanosilver components of 70:30 (by weight) is pressed into the shell with a diameter of 6.0 mm to a density of 1400 g / cm ³ . The particle size of dinitrodiaminoethylene is (1-3) microns, nanosilver - (50-70) nm. When a high-voltage electric discharge is transmitted (U = 9 kV, pulse duration ~ 1 μs) through the charge, stable detonation is excited in it with parameters sufficient for reliable initiation of the secondary charge.

Example 5

The composition prepared as described above with a ratio of dinitrodiaminoethylene: nanosilver 95: 5 (by weight) is pressed into a shell with a diameter of 6.0 mm to a density of 1400 g / cm ³ . The particle size of dinitrodiaminoethylene is (1-3) microns, nanosilver - (50-70) nm. When a high-voltage electric discharge is transmitted (U = 9 kV, pulse duration ~ 1 μs) through the charge, stable detonation is excited in it with parameters sufficient for reliable initiation of the secondary charge.

Claims (3)

1. An insensitive explosive composition for equipping electric detonators, including a blasting explosive (BB) and nanometall, characterized in that it contains dinitrodiaminoethylene as a blasting explosive, and nanocopper or nanosilver as a nanometal in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
dinitrodiaminoethylene 70-95 nanocopper or nanosilver 5-30 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains dinitrodiaminoethylene with a particle size of 1-3 microns. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains nanometall with a particle size of 50-70 nm.