RU2477829C1 - Network of sighting device channel of launching device of anti-tank missile system (atms) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: network of sighting device channel of launching device of anti-tank missile system (ATMS) is made as transparent optical disc with the pattern of concentric circle and coordinating lines in a form of horizontal and vertical straight lines and remote marks. Concentric circle has technological cross wires in its centre and diameter equal to angular vertical size of target or aimpoint for extreme firing range and it is divided into top and bottom semi-circles with gaps between them. In the top and bottom semi-spheres of the disc there are additional coordinating lines made as curves limiting the circle sector with diameter equal to disc diameter with centres located at top and bottom points of disc forming circle correspondingly and limited by its external diameter. In the right bottom quadrant of the disc there is a lined curve with its beginning at the level of bottom point of coordinating vertical line breaking and asymptotically approaching the right branch of limiting curve of bottom semi-circle sector. Remote marks are made in the right part in a form of digital discreet values of decreasing vertical gaps between them corresponding to the sizes of targets or aimpoints at specified firing distances, note that horizontal coordinating line is made as a bisecant connecting the cross points of additional coordinating line with disc circle.

EFFECT: increase of reliability.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, and in particular to ensuring the reliability of the actions of a human operator practicing at a fast pace visual images of a combat phono-target environment and reticle of an aiming device, observed by him simultaneously through the eyepiece of the sighting channel of the launching device (PU), in conjunction with its sensorimotor actions in the process of guiding ATGM targets under vital stress (life threatening in combat) (see Ergonomics of weapons, Tula - 2003, p. 86). The latter leads to an increase in the emotional stress of the human operator, and with its excessive strength and duration of influence, as stimuli, indifferent and signal, there is a temporary decrease in the stability of various mental functions (memory, attention, etc.), coordination of movement, performance, which together reduces the reliability in the work of operator-specific specialists (see Military Engineering Psychology, Moscow - 1970, p. 252). Moreover, for better adaptation (see Military Engineering Psychology, Moscow - 1970, p. 42) of the visual analyzer, with the help of which the human operator receives and processes most of the information, the amount of transmitted information (binary units per second), which should not exceed the threshold value of the throughput of the visual apparatus, which is 50-70 binary units per second (see Engineering Psychology in Military Affairs, Moscow, Military Publishing House - 1983, pp. 33-34). Taking into account the fact that in the process of information processing by the human operator, both the “input device” - the visual apparatus and the “output device” - the motor apparatus participate, the throughput of the human operator decreases by an order of magnitude, i.e. up to 5-7 binary units per second (see Engineering Psychology in Military Affairs, Moscow, Military Publishing House - 1983, pp. 33-34), which leads to an excess of the speed of information transfer over the operator's throughput and a decrease in the reliability and efficiency of its activity, an increase in the number of errors and, especially, loss of incoming information.

Known grid sighting channel ATGM "Metis" (Figure 1) (see Wearable anti-tank missile system "Metis". Technical description 9K115.00.000TO, M., Military Publishing House, 1984), through which the human operator performs detection, recognition , measuring the distance to the target and pointing it to the center of the target. In this case, the grid pattern is “superimposed” on the image of the phono-target environment entering through the PU lens into the eyepiece of the sighting device.

The grid pattern of the sighting device is made in the form of a central lumen 1 in the center of the optical disk 2 with horizontal 3, vertical 4 lines, digitized distance marks 5 in the upper left part of the disk, a technological crosshair 6 in the left quadrant of the disk and technological marks 7 on the horizontal and vertical grid lines .

The disadvantage of this grid pattern is that the horizontal and vertical lines intersecting at right angles form the center of the reticle, which the human operator, when pointing the ATGM, aligns with the geometrical center of the target, which requires the voltage of the visual analyzer associated with the need to focus the image of these centers on the retina eyes, which requires strong tension in the muscles of the eye, changing the curvature of its lens. Strong tension of the eye muscles is the cause of pain in the eyes and lacrimation (see Military Engineering Psychology, Moscow - 1970, p. 211), which leads to emotional stress, i.e. the state of the psyche of the human operator, characterized by the activation of various body functions. With excessive strength and duration of voltage, a state of tension occurs, which is unfavorable for specialists in the operator profile. It reduces reliability to a greater degree or leads to a complete loss of working capacity (see Military Engineering Psychology, Moscow - 1970, p. 252).

The second drawback of this grid is that the amount of information transmitted by the signal, in this case the varying feature of which is addressed to vision, is the position of a point on a straight line at which the amount of information transmitted is limited and is 3.25 binary units per second. The length of the straight line within the grid limits the amount of information transmitted to 2.6 binary units per second. The direction of the straight line at which the amount of information transmitted is 2.8 binary units per second (see Engineering Psychology in Military Affairs, Moscow, Military Publishing House - 1973, p. 33), is also quite large, and the throughput of the visual apparatus of a human operator taking into account the simultaneous influence of its sensorimotor activity, as well as the influence of vital stress, the resulting throughput of a human operator is estimated, as mentioned above, by a value of not more than 5-7 binary units per second, while major psychological constraint information display means to be the requirement

where C is the information processing speed required for effective management;

Spr is the throughput capacity of a human operator for processing information in a particular type of activity (see Military Engineering Psychology. Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow - 1970, p. 55).

Taking into account the fact that the law of the distribution of time between operator errors is close to exponential, λ-characteristics widely known in the art can be used in a first approximation to estimate its reliability.

To determine the λ-characteristics, we use the relation

where D is the coefficient of redundancy of codes with which the operator deals in real working conditions;

P is the proportion of error-free actions of the human operator;

t _e is the total operating time (see Military Engineering Psychology, Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, Moscow - 1970, p. 133), and therefore, in this case, the information transfer rate exceeds the throughput of the human operator, which leads to a decrease in reliability and his performance.

The third drawback of this grid is that when using a thermal imaging sight (TPVP) as part of the starting device for firing at night and in adverse weather conditions, the thickness of the horizontal scan lines of the thermal imaging image of the phono-target environment is 1.5-2 times greater than the thickness of the horizontal lines grid pattern, i.e. there is screening of the horizontal line and horizontal strokes, distance marks, and the placement of the digitized distance marks in the upper left part of the disk increases the interfering effect of the grid pattern when observing the target (see the Handbook of Engineering Psychology for Engineers and Design Artists, Mir, Moscow - 1968 p. 120).

The described mesh is an analogue of the invention.

Also known is the grid of the sighting channel of the ATGM “Competition” (Figure 2) (see BMP-2 infantry fighting vehicle. Technical description and operating instructions. Part 1, Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1987), with which the human operator performs the same operations as in the first case.

The grid pattern is made in the form of small 8, medium 9, large 10 concentric circles, horizontal 3 and vertical 4 lines, distance marks 5 in the upper left of the optical disk 2.

The described mesh is a prototype of the invention.

For this grid pattern, the inherent disadvantages shown for the Metis ATGM grid (Fig. 1), the additional interfering action of concentric circles when detecting and recognizing targets, and when using a thermal imaging sight (TPVP) as part of the starting device for firing at night and In adverse weather conditions, it is additionally difficult to point the center of the crosshair of the grid to the geometric center of the target or target, which leads to additional voltage of the visual analyzer associated with the need for focus tion image horizontal grid lines on the retina of the eye and, as a consequence, a greater voltage muscles of the eye, which changes the curvature of the lens, which leads to additional emotional stress human operator, and in this case, a known grid (prototype) is not acceptable at all.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the actions of a human operator practicing in extreme conditions when shooting in day and night conditions at the upper limit values of its pace visual images of the reticle network in conjunction with the image of the phono-target environment, sensorimotor actions and occurring in the process of aiming ATGM on the target stress factors.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the proposed grid of the sighting channel of the sight of the anti-tank missile complex launcher (ATGM) is made in the form of a transparent optical disk with a concentric circle pattern with a technological crosshair in its center and a diameter equal to the angular vertical size of the target or target for the ultimate firing range divided into upper and lower semicircles with gaps between them equal to the vertical size of the technological crosshair, and in the upper and lower additional coordinating lines are placed in the disk half-planes of it, made in the form of segments of curves limiting a circle sector with a diameter equal to the diameter of the disk with centers located respectively on the upper and lower points of the disk circumference and limited by its outer size, in the lower right quadrant of the disk curve with a beginning at the level of the lower point of the gap of the coordinating vertical line and asymptotically approaching the right branch of the limiting curve of the sector of the lower half rifles, and distance marks are made on the right side in the form of digitized discrete values of decreasing vertical gaps between them, corresponding to the sizes of targets or targets at given firing ranges, while the horizontal coordinating line is made in the form of a chord connecting the intersection points of the additional coordinating line of the lower sector with the circle drive.

The proposed grid is illustrated with graphic material. Figure 3 presents the grid pattern, placed on the optical disk, where:

2 - optical disk;

12 - coordinating line of the upper half-plane;

13 - a segment of the curve of the lower half-plane;

14 - curve;

15 - horizontal coordinating line;

16 - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 - distance marks in thousands of meters;

17 - technological crosshair;

18 is a vertical coordinating line with a gap.

Combat work of a human operator using the proposed grid is illustrated in Figure 4 and includes the following steps:

Stage 1 - observing the sighting device in the eyepiece and rotating the flywheels of the guidance of the launcher horizontally and vertically, the human operator observes the phono-target situation in a given sector of the shelling to detect the target;

Stage 2 - when the target appears in the field of view of the PU sighting device, the human operator, using the above handwheels, brings curve 16 (Figure 3) to the bottom of the target and, moving the aiming device along the target with the handwheels above, finds the intersection point a section of the curve of the lower half-plane 15 (FIG. 3) of the grid with the upper part of the target and determines the distance to the target using distance marks 18 (FIG. 3);

Stage 3 - making sure that the certain range to the target does not exceed the firing range, the human operator, using the above flywheels, combines the breaking of the vertical coordinating line 20 (Figure 3) with the geometric center of the target and launches a guided missile;

Stage 4 - after the launch of the guided missile, the human operator, using the above-mentioned flywheels, combines the concentric circle 1 (Fig. 3) of the grid with the geometric center of the target and continues tracking the target, using the above-mentioned flywheels, until it hits the guided missile. At the same time, at the maximum firing range, the diameter of the concentric circle (Figure 3) of the grid corresponds to the vertical size of the target, which allows the human operator not to search for the geometric center of the target, which reduces the tension of his visual analyzer.

The procedure for the combat operation of a human operator in night conditions using TPVP is similar to the above.

Thanks to the change in the grid pattern, it was possible:

1) Reduce the density of the display elements in the upper and left parts of the information field of the sighting device and thereby reduce the number of search steps that are a function of the total display volume, and therefore reduce the search time, since the location of objects in the information field has a significant impact on their time detection. The first objects found are in the upper left quadrant. This is explained by the eye movement route during the search - the first jump from the fixation point goes up or to the upper left corner, then from left to right and from top to bottom, i.e. objects located in the upper left quadrant are detected with greater accuracy than those located in the lower part of the information field. It is taken into account that eye movement when scanning the information field affects not only the sensitivity of the visual system, determined through the value of the psychophysiological threshold, but also on more complex processes of processing visual information, for example, random access memory (see Introduction to Ergonomics, Moscow, Soviet Radio - 1974, pp. 142-146).

2) Reduce the amount of information transmitted (binary units per second) due to the fact that the maximum amount of information with a variable sign of a signal — curvature of the arc — is only 2.2 binary units per second (see Engineering Psychology in Military Affairs, Moscow, Military Publishing House - 1973, p. 33, Table 3), while the throughput of the visual apparatus does not exceed the speed of information transfer, which in turn increases the reliability and efficiency of the human operator, including under conditions of vital stress.

3) Eliminate the shielding of horizontal lines of scanning of TVET by coordinating lines of the upper and lower half-planes and distance marks of the reticle, which will reduce the adaptive syndrome of the human operator and increase the reliability and efficiency of its operation.

4) Reduce the voltage of the visual analyzer when pointing the center of the reticle, which is a concentric circle, and equal to the angular vertical size of the tank-type target (target), and divided into upper and lower arcs with a gap, to the geometric center of the target (target) at maximum ranges of application ATGM.

From the description of the reticle channel, it follows that with its use:

- it is possible to reduce by 2-3 times the impact of adverse factors on the visual analyzer, through which the human operator receives up to 90% of the information;

- completely eliminates the influence of horizontal scan lines TPVP.

Due to this, the amount of information transmitted does not exceed the threshold value of the throughput of the visual apparatus of a human operator, reduces the tension of the muscles of his eye when focusing the image of the grid and the phono-target environment on the retina and eliminates the effect of the thickness of the horizontal lines of the thermal imaging image of the phono-target environment, which increases the reliability and efficiency of human -operator in all conditions of the use of anti-tank systems and especially at maximum ranges of its use.

In addition, the proposed network of the target channel can be used with a positive effect in sighting devices aiming at the target of any other high-precision weapons systems.

Claims (1)

The grid of the sighting channel of the sight of the launcher of the anti-tank missile complex (ATGM), made in the form of a transparent optical disk with a concentric circle pattern and coordinating lines in the form of horizontal and vertical straight and distance marks, characterized in that the concentric circle is made with a technological crosshair in its center and diameter equal to the angular vertical size of the target or target for the ultimate firing range, and is divided into upper and lower semicircles with the gaps between them, equal to the vertical size of the technological crosshairs in its center, and in the upper and lower half-planes of the disk there are additional coordinating lines made in the form of segments of curves that limit the sector of the circle with a diameter equal to the diameter of the disk, with centers located respectively on the upper and lower at the points of the circumference of the disk, and limited by its outer size, a curve is made in the lower right quadrant of the disk with the origin at the level of the lower break point of the coordinating of the vertical line and asymptotically approaching the right branch of the limiting curve of the lower semicircle sector, and distance marks are made on the right side in the form of digitized discrete values of decreasing vertical gaps between them, corresponding to the sizes of targets or targets at given firing ranges, while the horizontal coordinating line is made in the form chords connecting the intersection points of the additional coordinating line with the disk circumference.

Images