RU2471099C2 - Conversion device of rotational movement to back-and-forth movement and vice versa - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: movement conversion mechanism includes fixed gear wheel of internal engagement, frame, as well as two satellites, piston-rods, discs and pistons. Discs are rigidly attached to satellites. Number of teeth of fixed gear wheel of internal engagement is more by two times than number of teeth of each satellite. At back-and-forth points of discs there hinged to them are piston-rods, which are hinged on their other ends to pistons. Centres of gravity of masses of piston-rods and pistons mutually counterbalance each other constantly, and namely at a standstill and movement in opposite phase. Both rotation axes of satellites and discs rigidly attached to them are located on opposite ends of carrier, at equal distances from carrier rotation axis.

EFFECT: improvement of reliability and dynamic properties of mechanism and increase in its service life is provided.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to devices for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa, and can be used, for example, in internal combustion engines, compressors, pumps.

Known gear lever Converter rotational motion in the reciprocating (patent No. 2365799). It contains a rack, a shaft carrying a pinion gear with external teeth, a wheel with external teeth with an eccentric axis, a kinematic chain that provides a constant center distance between the gear and the wheel, a guide link, and also a driven link that relies directly or through intermediate links to the eccentric axis gear wheels. The guide link is connected with the axis of the wheel rotational, and with the rack translational or rotational pair. The gear and wheel in addition to the gear rims contain support raceways. The kinematic chain is made in the form of a closed system of rolling bodies, including a female ring and additional rolling bodies located between the gear and the ring. Additional rolling bodies can be made smooth or toothed. To balance the inertial torques, the converter can consist of two transducers located on one common drive shaft and installed in antiphase. The solution is aimed at increasing the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft with constant dimensions of the structure, ensuring the location of several driven links in one plane.

The disadvantages of this design (patent No. 2365799) are;

1. the bulkiness of the structure, creating the impossibility of its full balancing;

2. in the claims it is written: "the gear and wheel, in addition to the gear rims, contain support raceways that coincide or are close to their initial surfaces." This phrase itself proves the impossibility of precise balancing;

3. from figure 3 it is seen that the masses of links 5 are not balanced by anything;

4. from figure 4 it is obvious that there are unbalanced moments;

5. in the drawings of FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, a contradiction: the condition d _{7 /} d ₃ = 2 in FIG. 1 is met, and in FIG. 3 is not met, which is not permissible.

The closest in technical essence to the device we offer in the application for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa is the "Balanced device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa", RF patent No. 2267674 (13). It contains a housing in which the body of revolution is placed in the form of a flywheel, fixed from displacement along the axis of rotation, a closed helical groove is made on the side surface of the slide, a leash is placed between the slide and the body of rotation, one part of which is fixed in the flywheel, and the other part is recessed in the closed helical groove of the slide, the rotation of the slide relative to the housing is limited by a spline connection. The essence of the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2267674 lies in the fact that along the axis of rotation of the flywheel opposite to the slider an additional slider is placed, similar to the first, while the leashes of the main and additional slider are fixed in the flywheel with an offset, or the additional slider is rotated so that during rotation of the flywheel the sliders moving in opposite directions. The technical result consists in balancing the inertia forces of the reciprocating motion of the sliders.

The disadvantages of this design (RF patent No. 2267674 (13)) are: 1) cumbersome; 2) the sliders 4 and 5, moving opposite to each other in opposite directions, as shown in the drawing, do not move in one line, so they create an unbalanced moment of forces; 3) leashes 11 and 12 are unbalanced; 4) when the slider 4 reaches the extreme left position, and the slider 5 of the extreme right position, the leads 11 and 12 transition to the reversible branches of the helical grooves, i.e. on branches having the opposite direction, in this case, of course, dynamic loads arise; 5) the inner diameter of the flywheel (flywheel shaft) cannot be too large (dimensionless), i.e. it limits the possibilities of using this mechanism for its intended purpose.

The above disadvantages of both designs analog and prototype is completely eliminated by the device proposed in this application.

The technical problem is the complete balancing of the device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa by the method of self-balancing - mass redistribution.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa (Fig. 1) contains a frame 1 ', a fixed internal gear gear 1, carrier H, and two pieces with equal masses: satellites 2 and 3, and disks 2 'and 3' rigidly attached to each of them, connecting rods 4 and 6, pistons 5 and 7.

The number of teeth of each satellite 2 and 3 is two times less than the number of teeth of a fixed gear wheel of internal gearing 1, as a result, there are points on both satellites, more precisely on their pitch circles, and opposite them on the disks are points B and B ', making reciprocating motion . Some ends of the connecting rods 4 and 6 are articulated at points B and B 'to the disks 2' and 3 ', and the other ends are also articulated to the piston pins at points C and C' of the pistons 5 and 7.

The centers of mass of the pistons 5 and 7 and the connecting rods 4 and 6 move reciprocally in antiphase to each other along the XX axis, mutually balancing the inertia forces of the translational masses.

The connecting rod in known mechanisms and machines, for example, crank-slide, makes a complex plane-parallel movement, consisting of rotational and translational. In the proposed device design, the connecting rods have no rotational movement, therefore there is no moment of inertia forces and there is no need to balance it, thereby significantly improving all the dynamic properties of the mechanism.

Both axis of rotation of the satellites and discs rigidly attached to them: O _{2; 2 '} and O _{3; 3'} are at opposite ends of the carrier at equal distances from the axis of rotation of the carrier. Moreover, the centers of gravity of the blocks of the satellite 2-disk 2 'and satellite 3-disk 3' are located there on the YY axis, observing the equality of their imbalances.

Thus, the rotating masses are completely balanced.

Figure 1 presents the proposed device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa, which includes:

1'- frame;

1 - fixed gear wheel internal gearing;

2 - satellite and disk 2 'rigidly attached to it;

3 - satellite and a hard disk 3 ';

4 - connecting rod;

5 - the piston;

6 - a rod;

7 - the piston.

A device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa works as follows. The axis O _{H of the} carrier H rotates. On carrier H, at its two ends, at distances equal to r, there are axes O _{2; 2 '} and O _{3; 3' of} satellite 2 and disk 2 'rigidly attached to it and satellite 3 and disk 3' rigidly attached to it, therefore they also begin to rotate about their axes O _{2; 2 '} and O _{3; 3'} - Satellites 2 and 3 are meshed with a fixed gear 1 of the internal gear. The number of teeth of wheel 1, equal to Z ₁ , and the radius of this wheel R is two times the number of teeth Z ₂ and Z ₃ and the radii r and r 'of each satellite 2 and 3

Z ₁ = 2 · Z ₂ = 2Z ₃ ; R = 2r, therefore, the points on the pitch circles are directly on the teeth of the satellites, and opposite them on the disks, points B and B 'make reciprocating movements along the XX axis in antiphase to each other. The travel of points B and B 'and, respectively, with them of the connecting rods 4 and 6, as well as the pistons 5 and 7, is 2R, since the connecting rods 4 and 6 at points C and C' are pivotally connected to the pistons 5 and 7. The centers of gravity of mass connecting rods and pistons move in antiphase along the axis XX. Masses of rods 4 and 6, pistons 5 and 7 are equal to each other. The centers of gravity of the masses of the connecting rods and pistons are constantly, namely at rest and in motion, moving in antiphase along the XX axis and are completely mutually balanced.

The axis of rotation O _{2; 2 of the} block, consisting of satellite 2 and the disk 2 'rigidly attached to it, is removed at a distance r from the axis of rotation of the carrier О _H , from which the axis O _{3 is} removed at the same distance r _{; 3'} is the rotation of the block, including satellite 3 and a hard disk 3 'attached to it. The imbalance of the first block is equal to the imbalance of the second block, and their signs are different. The centers of mass of both blocks are located on the axis of the UE (figure 1) at equal distances from the axis of rotation from each other. Thus, the rotating masses of the device are completely balanced.

A device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa, when used as an engine, then 5 pistons 5 and 7 are the initial links of the internal combustion engine.

As the experiments and calculations showed, the economic efficiency of the device for converting rotational motion into reciprocating and vice versa consists in complete balance, which significantly improved the dynamic qualities of the mechanism: the complete absence of harmful vibrations, noise, loss of power, increased durability, speed and performance.

Claims (1)

A device for converting rotary motion into reciprocating and vice versa, containing a fixed internal gear gear, carrier, frame, two pieces each with correspondingly equal masses: satellites, disks, connecting rods and pistons, characterized in that the disks are rigidly attached to the satellites, the number of teeth of each satellite is two times less than the number of teeth of a fixed gear wheel of internal gearing; at the reciprocating points of the disks, rods are pivotally attached to them, which are second at the ends are pivotally connected to the pistons, the centers of gravity of the masses of the connecting rods and pistons are constantly balanced, namely, at rest and in antiphase movement, they mutually balance each other, while at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the carrier at both ends of the carrier are the axis of rotation of the satellites and rigidly attached to them disks for mutual balancing of rotational masses.