RU2465534C1 - Simulator for operators of cannon and missile armament - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: simulator comprises a target imitator. Commander and gunlayer workplaces include regular systems to control artillery and missile fire with a range finder sight and optical, stabilising and ranging units. Equipment of a homing system of controlled projectiles is connected with the range finder sight and comprises the following serially joined components: a coordinator optically coupled with an optical unit of the range finder sight and a unit to generate control commands. There is a gunlayer control panel joined serially with homing drives of a stabilised sighting line. The simulator comprises a system of information display, coupled optically with workplaces of the commander and gunlayer. On the target imitator in the sighting point there is an imitator of a light source of a controlled projectile and its optical filter. On the range finder sight there are the following components installed serially: the first control unit, the inlet of which is connected with an outlet of the gunlayer control panel, a unit of imitators with imitators of a shot, light interference, launch of a controlled projectile, its gripping and flight dynamics, with a system of optical correction and coupling with a field of view of the range finder sight via its eyepiece. The serially joined second unit of control and a unit of dust and smoke interference installed on the head part of the sight and coupled optically with a field of view of the range finder sight via its lens are provided.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to reduce economic costs and time to train gunlayer operators to fire with artillery and controlled projectiles.

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Description

The invention relates to the military field, in particular to means for training and training operators of precision weapons for firing guided missiles and missiles. It is intended to increase the efficiency of education and training of operators in the implementation of guidance and firing methods using standard equipment of guided cannon-missile weapon systems of combat vehicles (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, etc.), anti-tank missile systems (ATGMs), missile boats and other installations with optical guidance devices for launching guided missiles and missiles.

The process of training operators (commanders and gunners) should ensure that they are taught the right skills to use weapons and that the conditions for aiming weapons at the target are taken into account, taking into account the specifics of real controls, including the static and dynamic characteristics of moving arms controls and auxiliary equipment, with the conditions of real aiming.

A well-known training simulator for operators of high-precision weapons of missile launching and firing weapons and machine guns BMP type TKNO-675 developed in 1995 [1], which provides for simulating the rotation of missile launch systems, optical guidance devices, computers that generate signals for the visible movement of terrain and targets relative to the sighting marks of simulators of optical guidance devices, allowing guidance of missile launching installations or firing at targets. The disadvantage of this simulator is the inability to directly observe the terrain and the target without an optical observation device, as well as the significant difference in the perception of the image of the terrain, targets and aiming marks from the perception through the real device of guiding the real terrain of targets and aiming marks.

A known simulator for training operators of precision weapons, implemented in the device according to US patent 5215465 from June 1, 1993 [2], according to which the aiming is carried out using a source of information infrared beam, which creates an aiming point on the screen. Its disadvantage is the small distance from the screen to the student, which does not allow him to correctly orient and determine the range, since accommodation corresponds to the distance to the screen, and not the real distance to the simulated objects and terrain. The small distance to the screen also does not allow the use of standard optical sights for training aimed at aiming at long ranges to targets, namely such optical guidance devices are used in missile launch devices and guns.

According to the set of common essential features, the closest to the claimed simulator is a device for training operators of high-precision weapons of the T-80 B tank [3] of the 9K112-1 "Cobra" guided missile system (see, for example, Tank - T-80 B. Technical description and instruction manual. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1984, S.95-127).

This simulator, made on the basis of a real tank, is in technical essence and essential features the closest to the claimed one and is taken as its prototype. At the same time, it is also the basic object of the proposed simulator. Training with its use in firing cannon-rocket (tank) weapon operators takes place with the participation of an artillery fire control system and a semi-automatic missile projectile control system using a radio command line and a modulated light source located on a guided missile projectile. At the same time, standard equipment is included in the training process for forming a stabilized aiming line and a coordinator information channel aligned with it, simulators of the target, loading and firing a shot, a tracking line for tracking the target and evaluating shooting results.

A simulator of cannon-rocket weapon operators, including a simulator of targets, standard artillery and rocket fire control systems placed on the workplaces of the commander and gunner’s operators with a rangefinder sight and optical, stabilizing and range units installed in it, connected to the rangefinder scope by guided guidance equipment shells, including a coordinator connected in series optically conjugated to the optical unit of the rangefinder sight and the control command generation unit, gunner sequentially the gunner’s control panel and guiding drives of the stabilized aiming line.

The described simulator can be used at the initial stage of training for acquiring skills in weapons, studying the material and the algorithm of the functioning of the equipment. In this case, the goal of training is achieved with low material costs, but using reliable staffing elements.

In the subsequent stages, this training transforms into training with real shooting. In this case, instead of simulated functions, the real functions of the equipment and the entire complex are performed.

The disadvantage of training through the production of real launches is the high cost of guided missiles and missiles, which are launched during training firing, and, as a result, the inability to provide a large number of training sessions for economic reasons.

The problem solved by the invention is the reduction of economic costs and time for training gunners (commanders) -operators shooting artillery and guided missiles (missiles).

This problem is solved by the fact that in the well-known simulator of cannon-missile weapon operators, which includes a simulator of targets, standard control systems for artillery and rocket fire with a rangefinder sight and optical, stabilizing and range units connected to it located at the workplaces of the commander and gunner’s operators with a rangefinder sight, guided missile guidance system equipment, including a coordinately connected optically coupled to the optical unit of the coordinate rangefinder sight an ator and a block for generating control commands, connected in series to the gunner’s control panel and stabilized aiming line guidance drives, an information display system has been introduced that is optically coupled to the commander and gunner’s workstations, a simulator of the guided projectile light source and its optical filter are installed on the target simulator, on the rangefinder sight, the first control unit is connected in series, the input of which is connected to the output of the gunner's control panel, the unit and emitters with simulators of a shot, light interference, launch of a guided projectile, its capture and flight dynamics, with a system of optical correction and pairing with the field of view of a rangefinder sight through its eyepiece, a second control unit connected in series and a dust interference unit mounted on the head of the sight and optically coupled to the field of view of the rangefinder sight through its lens.

The introduction of new essential features allows expanding the capabilities of well-known simulators, provides an increase in the effectiveness of training by reducing economic costs and time for training operators (cannon-rocket, high-precision weapons of tanks) in firing artillery and guided projectiles and a numerical increase in the number of such training during training decrease in their quality.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the relative position and relationship of the elements of the proposed simulator of the operators of cannon-rocket weapons and the following notation:

1 - jobs commander and gunner;

2 - target simulator;

3 - rangefinder sight;

4 - guidance system equipment;

5 - simulator of the light source of a guided projectile;

6 - electron-optical simulation device;

7 - translucent mirror;

8 - the first control unit;

9 - a system for storing and displaying information;

10 - gunner;

11 - operator-commander;

12 - block simulators;

13 - a system of optical correction and pairing;

14 - coordinator;

15 is a block generating control commands;

16 - aiming point;

17 - gunner control panel;

18 - guidance drives;

19 - a head mirror of a rangefinder sight;

20 - translucent lower mirror;

21 - sighting mark;

22 - optical block;

23 - eyepiece of the sight-rangefinder;

24 - optical filter;

25 - block dust interference;

26 - the second control unit.

In the drawing, the propagation of the light signal from the aiming point 16 to the eye of the gunner-operator 10 (a signal visible to the gunner-operator), as well as from the screen of the system for storing and displaying information 9 to the eye of the commander, is shown by a solid line. The dotted line shows the propagation of the light signal from a simulated projectile light source (encoded signal) 5 through a translucent lower mirror 20 to the coordinator 14 of the standard equipment of the guidance system 4 of the guided missile. The light source simulator of the guided projectile 5 is closed from the gunner-operator 10 by an optical filter 24 opaque to it (for example, infrared or polaroids). This is done so as not to make it easier for the gunner to point the aiming line (sighting mark). Double arrows indicate electrical or mechanical connections.

The light signal from block 5 passes through the optical filter 24, hits the head mirror of the sight 19, is refracted by it, and, passing through the optical block (optical forming system) 22, is sent to the translucent lower mirror 20. Mirror 20 partially reflects the light signal into the eyepiece 23 of the sight - range finder 3 (the gunner does not see this part of the signal, therefore, it is not shown in the drawing, but partially passed to the coordinator 14, with the help of which the mismatch between the position of the aiming line (aiming mark) 21 and block 5. The measurement of the mismatch occurs both in the vertical and horizontal planes.

The measured mismatch is converted by the coordinator 14 together with the control command generation unit 15 into an electrical signal, which is fed to the information storage and display system 9, based on a cathode ray tube (CRT) and memory devices. The deviation of the electronic index (arrows, spots) on the screen of the block 5 from the center of the screen, perceived by the commander, corresponds to the deviation of the aiming line from the simulator of light source 5.

The first control unit 8 is controlled by the gunner-operator 10 through the control panel 17 and manually. It contains the functioning of the simulator block 12 and its connection with the power supply systems, switching and control equipment, a timing mechanism and a computing device, blocks for choosing a training mode, such as a projectile, simulating the dynamics of a projectile simulator, recording “incisions” of a guided projectile, recording and storing the results of a shot (launch) ), connecting recording equipment and continuous recording of target tracking errors.

The storage and display system 9 includes a housing, a cathode ray tube, indicating devices with target patterns, a computing device that corrects errors of the gunner-operator in accordance with the measured distance to the target (target simulator). Block 9 is installed at the commander’s workplace with the ability to observe the indicating device from the position of the gunner-operator.

The functioning of the simulators of a shot, light interference, the launch of a guided projectile, its capture by the guidance system and its flight is based on the operation of block 6. They are located in block 12 together with the optical correction and conjugation system 13 and a translucent mirror 7 for inputting electronic signals in the field of view of the rangefinder 3 through his eyepiece 23.

Block 12 together with its constituent elements form a removable block, which is mounted outside the ocular part of the sight. Depending on the design of the cannon-missile weapons complex, from the “working” eye of the gunner-operator, this unit can be mounted to the left, right, above or below the eyes of the gunner. It can move around the optical axis of the eyepiece of the rangefinder scope. In any of these positions, the part of the block in which the translucent mirror 7 is located is attached using a threaded connection or a clamp to the ocular part of the sight. In this case, the installation of the block on the ocular part of the rangefinder sight is carried out without structural changes of the sight itself.

The introduction of electronic signals between the aiming mark of the sight 21 and the gunner’s eye 10 (using a translucent mirror 7) leads to the fact that when pointing from the gunner and the absence of other disturbances, the electronic spot (simulator of the projectile tracer) will constantly be combined with the aiming mark of the sight, which simplifies the computational the device in the first control unit 8. These features distinguish the proposed simulator from existing ones.

The procedure for working on the simulator is as follows. After selecting a target (its simulator), the gunner-operator performs all operations necessary for its destruction: ranging, loading, aiming, launching a projectile (shot) and tracking the target until it hits the target.

The work of the proposed simulator is as follows. A stabilized aiming line is formed by analogy with the prototype. When training operators of cannon-rocket weapons (high-precision weapons), for example, with a semi-automatic projectile control system using a radio command line and a modulated light source mounted on a guided projectile (see prototype), they include and use standard fire control system equipment, a guided weapons complex and other elements of the tank (for example, the power supply system) for the formation of a stabilized aiming line 21 and coordinate information channel aligned with it Ator 14. Perform (trained) functions necessary for real firing with a guided projectile: simulate loading by a simulator of a projectile in the ammunition and standard loading controls, imitate using standard firing circuits, firing, perform using standard guidance drives 18 combining the aiming line (aiming mark 21) and tracking (as directed by the head) the target simulator 2 and evaluate the actions of the trainee (by the trainee and / or the leader) to fulfill Parts Required functions required by firing artillery or guided missiles. At the same time, the reliability of the assessment is not high due to its restriction only to visual control “by eye” both by the trainee and the leader. The methodological level of such training is also low due to the lack of a guided projectile and information about its movement in the field of view of the trained light source. To eliminate these shortcomings on the target (target simulator 2) at the aiming point 16, a simulator of the light source of the guided projectile 5 is installed so that it is “visible” to the standard control system, but not to the learner. This can be achieved by shielding it with an optical filter 24 or polaroids in two planes. At the sight, imitators of a shot, launch, capture and flight dynamics of a guided projectile to a target are installed. It is advisable to perform these simulators on the basis of an electron-optical simulator 6 (cathode ray tube, a spot on the screen of which is introduced into the field of view of the operator (student) to simulate the light source of a guided projectile).

They include a simulated light source of a guided projectile 5 mounted on a simulator of target 2. Real objects can be used as target simulators (during tactical exercises, exercises, joint tactical and fire exercises, etc.). In this case, the inclusion is made by members of the staff crews of the facilities. At firing ranges and firing camps, targets operated by appropriate personnel may be used. In other cases, the light source simulator may be telecontrolled, for example, by radio.

They include standard artillery and rocket fire control systems, a rangefinder sight and optical, stabilizing, range units installed in it (not all units are conventionally shown in the figure) and other standard elements for firing. The simulator of the light source of the guided projectile 5 is captured by means of elements of a semi-automatic control system, in particular, the guidance system 4 equipment and the coordinator 14, the learner aligns the aiming line (sighting mark) 21 with the aiming point 16 on the target simulator 2 and measures the distance to it, recount the measured distance in the "flight" time of the projectile.

The signal corresponding to the measured range is automatically fed to the temporary mechanism of the computing device for simulating the flight of the projectile 8 and to the information storage and display system 9, in the comparison circuit of which the error level of the gunner-operator is set, which leads to a miss at a given (measured) range. Hold the aiming line at the aiming point for a predetermined time (for a prototype - 1-2 s), simulate a shot (with the standard button and firing chains; a sound generator that simulates the sound of a shot when you press the shooting button and a time relay that provides a delay in the shot and the appearance of a guided projectile in the operator’s field of vision: Hold the line of sight on the aiming point during the time the projectile is flying to the target, while simulating the sight in the field of view by means of an electron-optical device Simulation 6, the dynamics of its flight (for the prototype: the appearance of a light spot in the field of view after 1.5-1.7 s, capture - 1.7-1.9 s after the shot, and then controlled flight), continuously measured by coordinator 14, fix and memorize by means of blocks 15 and 9 deviations of the aiming line from the simulated light source of the guided projectile, compare the deviations measured with the dimensions of the target simulator, and if deviations at the moment of flight of the projectile simulator go beyond its contour, then this is estimated as a miss, and each line output at of targeting during the "flight" time of the projectile beyond the lower edge of the simulator, the target is estimated as its "cutting into the ground", if necessary, determine the standard deviation of the aiming line from the simulator of the light source and the probability of the guided missile getting into the target, provided it is flying towards it, which is taken into account in the final assessment and used for greater clarity in training.

For visual control in front of the commander, a template of the corresponding type of target is set on the screen of unit 9. After a shot (launch), in accordance with a real program for projecting the projectile onto the aiming line, taking into account the selected mode and external disturbances acting on the projectile in flight, an image of the projectile tracer simulator (electronic spot) is introduced into the field of view of the gunner’s eyepiece. In the process of tracking the gunner for the target (its simulator), an electronic spot “follows” the aiming mark of the gunner under the influence of the commands of the computing device. The mismatch between the electronic spot and the reticle during the guidance process is set by the computing device and consists of two components: a component corresponding to gunner control signals and a random component corresponding to errors in the control loop from external disturbances acting on the projectile during the flight.

Instead of a random component, implementations previously obtained and recorded for similar conditions can be used. Simultaneously with the gunner pressing the “start” button, the screen of unit 9 is connected to the output of the control command generation unit 15 of the standard guidance system 4 equipment. At the output of block 15, signals are generated proportional to the angular deviation of the aiming mark from the aiming point on the target in which the light source simulator 5 is installed whose light radiation is perceived by the coordinator 14 of the standard equipment of the guidance system 4.

For the commander’s convenience, the contours of the target are plotted on the screen of block 9, and the amplitude of deviations of the light spot relative to the zero position both vertically and horizontally is automatically adjusted depending on the range of the target. The movement of the light spot stops at the moment of passage of the target by a guided missile projectile (for other types of projectiles at this moment a light spot is displayed on the screen) and by the value of its deviation from the zero position (from the aiming point), you can evaluate the result of firing. With this design of remote control elements hit assessment is possible according to any of the above criteria. The accuracy of registration in this case is 0.15-0.20 thousand.

To inform the gunner about the result of the shot, a backlight is introduced into his field of vision, which flashes when hit (if at the moment of the projectile’s flight the electronic spot on the hit indicator is in the target’s contour).

The proposed simulator and training method are highly reliable estimates, since the measurement uses high-precision standard equipment for controlling the projectile. Its use can take place in real conditions and can be combined with other classes, exercises, etc., which will reduce educational time by (20-30)%, as well as reduce the cost of operator training and training by saving expensive shells. The method provides a high coefficient of similarity to the real combat work of operators in the production of guided missile launches.

Information sources

1. Technical description of the training complex TKNO-675. - M .: VA BTV (is in operation).

2. US patent 5215465, F41G 3/26 of June 1, 1993

3. Tank - T-80B. Technical description and instruction manual. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1984, S.95-127). Prototype.

Claims (1)

A simulator of cannon-rocket weapon operators, including a simulator of targets, standard artillery and rocket fire control systems placed on the workplaces of the commander and gunner’s operators with a rangefinder sight and optical, stabilizing and range units installed in it, connected to the rangefinder scope by guided guidance equipment shells, including a coordinator connected in series optically conjugated to the optical unit of the rangefinder sight and the control command generation unit, sequentially the gunner’s control panel and stabilized aiming line guidance drives, characterized in that an information display system has been introduced that is optically coupled to the commander’s and gunner’s workstations; on the target simulator, an aiming light source simulator and its optical filter are mounted on the aiming device, the range finder is installed connected in series to the first control unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the gunner's control panel, a block of simulators with firing, light interference, launching a guided projectile, its capture and flight dynamics, with a system of optical correction and pairing with the field of view of the rangefinder sight through its eyepiece, a second control unit and a dust interference unit mounted in series on the head of the sight and paired optically with field of view of a rangefinder sight through its lens.

Images