RU2462555C1 - Floating device for collection of oil spilled on water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environment protection.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a device installed on a floating facility and comprising brush plates rotating in a vertical plane, a facility to collect oil from brushes, a reservoir for collected oil and a hydraulic pump, driven equipment and a hopper. The floating device is arranged in the form of a vessel, a forebody of the hull of which is arranged in the form of a truncated cone and is equipped with a landing apron. On the landing apron there is a unit of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane, and in the horizontal plane of the landing apron there are also brush plates installed, rotating in the horizontal plane and equipped with combs to remove oil from brushes. In the area of landing apron connection with the vessel hull there is a nozzle of a suction device is installed, coupled with a reservoir for collected oil by means of a pipeline equipped with nozzles to supply sorbent and/or coagulant. Along the boards there are paddle wheels installed with rigidly fixed blades arranged as hollow inside. Paddle wheels are arranged with alternating diametre in the form of a truncated cone with diametre rising from the diametral plane of the vessel to paddle wheels arranged in the form of a hollow volume structure and coupled with a reservoir for collected oil. The reservoir is equipped with nozzles to supply sorbent and/or coagulant and is connected via branch pipes with a hopper. In receiving holes of the hopper there are detachable filters installed, arranged from porous foam plastic, and output holes of the hopper are coupled with a hydraulic pump and are also equipped with a detachable filter. The output device of the hydraulic pump is coupled with a pipeline arranged along the vessel boards and equipped with output valves arranged in the vessel bottom. Paddle wheels are made as capable of displacement in the vertical plane depending on vessel draught, with the help of a device to adjust submersion of paddle wheels.

EFFECT: higher reliability of polluted water areas cleaning from oil products and reduced labour intensiveness of oil products collection and their recycling.

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Description

The invention relates to the mechanical purification of water from oil products and can be used to collect oil spilled on the surface of the water.

A device for the mechanical purification of water from oil products, which is an oil trap [1]. The known device comprises a housing, a settling zone, a camera for the separation of oil products, in which a receiving tray for clarified water, a semi-submersible partition and a receiver for oil products are located.

The oil product separation chamber is limited on the side of the sludge zone by a weir of practical profile, and the overflow edge of the oil product receiver is located below the spillway crest, but above the overflow edge of the clarified water receiving tray. A shield flow regulator is installed above the spillway crest. The oil trap ensures efficient separation of oil products during laminar fluid motion and high reliability due to the exclusion of moving structural elements, mainly in the recycling water supply of industrial enterprises, but is practically not applicable for the collection of water-spilled oil in marine areas.

Also known are devices for collecting water spilled oil [2, 3, 4]. These devices comprise a body mounted on a floating vessel with a node of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane, means for removing oil from the brushes, a reservoir for the collected oil and a hydraulic pump, and drive equipment.

The closest analogue is the known device [4], designed to collect oil spilled on the surface of the water and is more versatile in comparison with the known devices [2, 3].

The essence of the known device [4] for collecting water-spilled oil is that between the two longitudinal floats is mounted a housing in which at least one node of the rotating brush plates is placed, a means for removing oil from the brushes and a reservoir for the collected oil. The housing is mounted with the possibility of vertical and longitudinal relative to the floats reciprocating movement. Due to this embodiment, the device can move on land, alternately relying on the earth's surface with the hull and floats. On the surface of the oil-covered water, rotating brushes collect oil, and a device for removing oil from the brushes directs the oil to the reservoir for the collected oil.

The known device [4] differs from analogues [2, 3] in that the floating device is made in the form of two longitudinal floats, and the body is installed between the floats with the possibility of vertical and longitudinal relative to them reciprocating movement, and the drive equipment is placed in the housing. The longitudinal and vertical movements of the body are carried out by hydraulic cylinders. At the same time, tunnel-shaped casings having protective bottom plates are installed behind the casing.

In addition, the housing is equipped with a curved protective radial plate covering the rear of the brush plate assembly. Moreover, the upper part of the protective radial plate can be removable. Preferably, the protective radial plate is the rear wall of the reservoir for the collected oil.

The floating device [4] has widespread use.

In the open sea, this device can be connected to the parent vessel using one or more protruding barriers installed on the sides of the head vessel, and thus their own oil-retaining barriers can be positioned so that they protrude obliquely forward from the front ends of the floats. Conversely, this device can be towed, especially if it is relatively large and has several nodes of the brush plates. Propellers are usually located in tunnel-shaped casings, including lower plates, which protect them from touching the ground in shallow water with numerous rocks protruding from the bottom.

In the port or on narrow fairways between the rocks, the device can mainly float autonomously using its own drive equipment with propellers or screws at the keel, where a fence, for example, made of aluminum, is attached to the front edge of the floats so that it projects obliquely forward and out, and oil is collected in soft tanks, which are thrown after filling and can then be picked up by the vessel following it.

This floating facility can also be anchored outside the contaminated shore when the barriers are located opposite the shore, which can then be cleaned with a stream of water, i.e. oil is washed off into water and then collected by this oil collection device.

Along with the advantages of the known device [4] compared to analogues [2, 3], it also has drawbacks, the main of which is the need to clean fences with a jet of water (oil is washed off into water), which significantly complicates the process of collecting oil from the water surface, and It is also a prerequisite for environmental disruption in this water area.

In addition, cleaning water from oil only using brushes does not allow for proper (high-quality) cleaning. In water, after cleaning it with brushes, there will be oil suspensions and clots, which, together with the water falling from the brushes, will again fall into the water area.

The disadvantages of the known devices include the relatively small productivity and significant complexity of the process of collecting oil spills due to the small dimensions of the known floating devices, which necessitates the use of additional devices, including bunkers for transporting the collected oil products.

Also a significant drawback when using the known device is that the presence of an additional hull, articulated with the main vessel, significantly affects the driving performance of the device as a whole, especially in shallow water. In this case, the plates that protect the propellers from touching them with the ground in shallow water with numerous rocks protruding from the bottom can play a negative role, i.e. may contribute to the landing of the vessel to the bottom.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the reliability of the treatment of contaminated water areas with oil products and reduce the complexity of the process of collecting and disposing of collected oil products.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the device, which is a floating device for collecting water-spilled oil, containing a device mounted on a floating device with a node of the brush plates rotating in the vertical plane, means for removing oil from the brushes, a reservoir for the collected oil and a hydraulic pump , drive equipment and hopper, in contrast to the prototype, the floating device is made in the form of a vessel, the bow of which is made in the form of a truncated cone and equipped with a ramp on which The assembly of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane has been updated, brush plates rotating in the horizontal plane and provided with combs for removing oil from the brushes are also installed in the horizontal plane of the ramp, a nozzle of the suction device articulated with the reservoir for the collected oil is installed at the junction of the ramp with the hull of the vessel a pipeline equipped with nozzles for feeding the sorbent and / or coagulant, rowing wheels with rigidly mounted plates made hollow inside, the propeller wheels are made of variable diameter in the form of a truncated cone with an increasing diameter from the diametrical plane of the vessel to the propeller wheels, made in the form of a hollow volumetric structure and articulated with a reservoir for the collected oil, also equipped with nozzles for feeding the sorbent and / or coagulant and which through the outlet pipes are articulated to the hopper, removable filters made of porous foam are placed in the hopper inlets, the outlet openings of the hopper are articulated with a hydraulic pump, the outlet troystvo which is articulated to a conduit disposed along the sides of the vessel and provided with an outlet valve arranged in the bottom of the vessel, paddle wheels are arranged to be movable in a vertical plane depending from the precipitation vessel by means for adjusting the penetration device paddle wheels.

The technical result of the claimed technical solution, which consists in increasing the reliability of cleaning polluted water areas with oil products and reducing the complexity of the process of collecting and disposing of collected oil products, is achieved due to the fact that the floating device is made in the form of a vessel, the bow of which is made in the form of a truncated cone and equipped with a ramp on which the brush plate assembly rotating in the vertical plane is mounted, brush brushes are also installed in the horizontal plane of the ramp horizontal rotating plates equipped with combs for removing oil from the brushes, a nozzle of a suction device articulated with a reservoir for collected oil is installed at the junction of the ramp and the hull of the vessel by means of a pipe equipped with nozzles for supplying sorbent and / or coagulant; rowing rails are installed along the sides wheels with rigidly mounted plates made hollow inside, the paddle wheels are made of variable diameter in the form of a truncated cone with an increasing diameter from the diametrical plate the vessel’s flanges to the propeller wheels, made in the form of a hollow volumetric structure and articulated with a reservoir for collected oil, equipped with nozzles for feeding the sorbent and / or coagulant and which is connected to the hopper through the outlet pipes, removable filters made of porous foam are placed in the hopper inlets , the outlet openings of the hopper are articulated with a hydraulic pump and also equipped with a removable filter, the output device of the hydraulic pump is articulated with a pipeline located along the sides of the vessel and equipped with an outlet valves disposed in the bottom of the vessel, paddle wheels are arranged to be movable in a vertical plane depending from the precipitation vessel by means for adjusting the penetration device paddle wheels.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated in figure 1.

Floating device for collecting spilled oil. The floating device for collecting water-spilled oil is a vessel 1, the bow of the hull 2 of which is made in the form of a truncated cone and provided with a ramp 3, on which a node 4 of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane is mounted, brush plates 5 are also installed in the horizontal plane of the ramp 3 rotating in the horizontal plane and equipped with combs 6 for removing oil from the brushes. At the junction of the ramp 3 with the hull 2 of the vessel 1, a nozzle 7 of the suction device 8 is installed, articulated with the reservoir 9 for the collected oil through a pipe 10 provided with nozzles 11 for supplying sorbent and / or coagulant. Along the sides of the vessel 1 are mounted paddle wheels 12 with rigidly mounted plates 13 made hollow inside. Rowing wheels 12 are made of variable diameter in the form of a truncated cone with an increasing diameter from the diametrical plane of the vessel 1 to the rowing wheels 12, made in the form of a hollow three-dimensional structure and articulated with the reservoir 9 for the collected oil. The tank 9 is equipped with nozzles 11 for feeding the sorbent and / or coagulant from the two-chamber tank 14 and is connected to the hopper 16 through the outlet pipes 15. Removable filters 18 made of porous foam are placed in the receiving holes 17 of the hopper 16. The outlet openings 19 of the hopper 16 are also equipped with removable filters 20 and are coupled to a hydraulic pump 21, the output device 22 of which is connected to a pipe 23 located along the sides of the vessel 1 and provided with output valves 24 located in the bottom 25 of the vessel 1. The rowing wheels 12 are made with the possibility of their movement in the vertical plane depending on the draft of the vessel 1 by means of a device 26 for regulating the depth of the propeller wheels 12. The axis 27 of the propeller wheels 12 can be coupled with the steering propulsion system for use rebnyh mover wheels 12 while performing work in shallow water.

The proposed device is implemented as follows.

As vessel 1, decommissioned cargo vessels and landing ships equipped with a ramp, or tankers equipped with a ramp, can be used. On the ramp 3 place the node 4 rotating in a vertical plane of the brush plates and brush plates 5, rotating in a horizontal plane. Rowing wheels 12 are placed on the sides of the vessel 1.

When the vessel 1 moves through brush plates, oil pollution is collected on the water surface, which through the nozzle 7 of the suction device 8 flows through a pipe 10 into the reservoir 9 for the collected oil. When transporting the collected product (aqueous solution with oil impurities) through the pipeline 10 through the nozzles 11 serves the sorbent and / or coagulant from the two-chamber tank 14.

At the same time, by means of the paddle wheels 12, oil pollution is collected through the plates 13 along the sides of the vessel 1, which are also transported by centrifugal force into the reservoir 9 for the collected oil. The reservoir 9 for the collected oil is also equipped with nozzles 11 for supplying the sorbent and / or coagulant from the two-chamber tank 14, through which water is purified from oil pollution. From the reservoir 9 for the collected oil through the outlet pipes 15, the liquid through the inlet 19 of the hopper 16, through removable filters 18 made of porous foam, enters the hopper 16.

To increase the degree of purification, as a coagulant, a solution obtained after processing the casting slag with hydrochloric acid can be used (see, for example, description to the USSR author's certificate No. 1439083), or aluminum chloroisolpropylate is used as a coagulant or as a waste of the pharmaceutical industry formed at the stage of decomposition of the catalytic complex for the production of chloramphenicol (see, for example, description to the USSR copyright certificate No. 1439085), or a dimethyldiallammonium chloride homopolymer, or 0.1-3 A 0% aqueous solution of a homopolymer of demyldiallylammonium chloride containing 5-10 wt.% Monomer and having a viscosity of 16000-32000 mPa · s, measured in a 38% aqueous solution at a temperature of 25 ° C (see, for example, description to copyright certificate USSR No. 1456000), or a demulsifier containing, as an alkyl sulfonate, the sodium salt of sulfinated waste from the production of kerosene-based sulfonal and additionally containing a copolymer of ethylene with propylene with a mol.m. 5600-60000 with a molar ratio of propylene and ethylene units (35-48) :( 65-52), respectively, with a mass ratio of sodium salt of sulfonated waste and copolymer in a demulsifier (1.5-3): 1 (see, for example, description to the USSR author's certificate No. 1456451).

After cleaning from the oil emulsion, the aqueous solution through the filter 20, which uses a peat-based bioreagent (see, for example, the description of the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2081967), through the hydraulic pump 21 through the output device 22 enters the pipeline 23 located along the sides of the vessel 1 and which is equipped with outlet valves 24 located in the bottom 25 of the vessel 1. By means of the pipeline 23 and the valves 24, a water flow is formed, which is supplied under the bottom 25 of the vessel 1 and reduces the negative pressure under the vessel when sailing kovode.

The manifestation of negative pressure under the bottom of the vessel causes the occurrence of an additional draft ΔТ and a trim angle α. The manifestation of these factors leads to a decrease in the depth margin under the vessel and even to the landing of the vessel at the bottom of the passage, and the appearance of a trim angle leads to a significant increase in the resistance to movement of the vessel.

To reduce (or completely eliminate) these adverse factors, it is necessary to neutralize the negative pressure under the vessel when sailing in shallow water, which is carried out by supplying water under the bottom.

Each paddle wheel 12 has an independently controlled drive. The controllable drive includes a device for regulating the deepening of the paddle wheels 12 depending on the draft of the vessel. Rowing wheels 12 are made of variable diameter in the form of a truncated cone with increasing diameter from the vessel 1 to the sides of the diameter. The plates 13 are hollow. Rowing wheels 12 have a three-dimensional structure.

Filters 18 and 20 are removable, which allows them to be replaced as they become dirty.

Compared with analogues and prototype, the implementation of the proposed technical solution due to the fact that the floating device is made in the form of a vessel, the bow of which is made in the form of a truncated cone and is equipped with a ramp, on which a node of brush plates rotating in the vertical plane is mounted, in the horizontal plane of the ramp brush plates rotating in the horizontal plane and equipped with combs for removing oil from the brushes are also installed; nozzles are installed at the junction of the ramp with the hull o a suction device articulated with a reservoir for collected oil by means of a pipeline equipped with nozzles for supplying a sorbent and / or coagulant, rowing wheels with rigidly mounted plates made hollow inside are installed along the sides, rowing wheels are made of a variable diameter in the form of a truncated cone with an increasing diameter from diametric plane of the vessel to the propeller wheels, made in the form of a hollow three-dimensional structure and articulated with a reservoir for the collected oil, equipped with nozzles for feeding and sorbent and / or coagulant and which is connected to the hopper through the outlet pipes, removable filters made of porous foam are placed in the receiving holes of the hopper, the outlet openings of the hopper are connected to a hydraulic pump, the outlet device of which is connected to a pipeline located along the sides of the vessel and equipped with outlet valves located in the bottom of the vessel, the paddle wheels are arranged to move them in a vertical plane depending on the draft of the vessel by means of a device for regulating glubleniya paddle wheels, improves reliability purification performance of environmental requirements.

When implementing the proposed device can also be used ship communications and equipment.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 1712316.

2. US patent No. 3702297, 1972.

3. PCT Application WO 90/12157, 1990.

4. Patent RU No. 2081967.

Claims (1)

A floating device for collecting water-spilled oil, comprising a device mounted on a floating device with a node of brush plates rotating in a vertical plane, means for removing oil from the brushes, a reservoir for collected oil and a hydraulic pump, drive equipment and a hopper, characterized in that the floating device is made in the form of a vessel, the bow of the hull of which is made in the form of a truncated cone and equipped with a ramp, on which the node of the brush plates rotating in the vertical plane is mounted, in the horizontal Brush plates are also installed on the plane of the ramp, rotating in a horizontal plane and equipped with combs for removing oil from the brushes; at the junction of the ramp with the hull of the vessel, a nozzle for the suction device is connected to the reservoir for the collected oil through a pipeline equipped with nozzles for supplying sorbent and / or coagulant, rowing wheels with rigidly mounted plates made hollow inside are installed along the sides, rowing wheels are made of variable diameter in the form of a truncated onus with an increasing diameter from the ship’s diametrical plane to the propeller wheels, made in the form of a hollow three-dimensional structure and articulated with a reservoir for collected oil, equipped with nozzles for supplying a sorbent and / or coagulant and which is connected to the hopper through the outlet pipes, removable in the hopper receiving holes filters made of porous foam, the outlet openings of the hopper are connected to the hydraulic pump and equipped with a removable filter, the output of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pipeline, Assumption along the sides of the vessel and provided with outlet valves located in the bottom of the vessel, paddle wheels are arranged to be movable in a vertical plane depending from the precipitation vessel by means for adjusting the penetration device paddle wheels.

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