RU2461675C1 - Nonwoven filter fabric for bacterial-viral respiratory filters and method for its production (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: material comprises fibrous layers of a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers, bonded with the back-up substrate, in the following ratio of components: viscose fibers (0.17-0.33) tex - (20-40) wt.% polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex - (30-45) wt %, polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex - (5-10) wt.%, bicomponent fibers (0.22-0.40) tex (20 - 30) wt %, calcium chloride (15-50) wt %. The surface density of the obtained filter material is (100-500) g/m², air permeability (550-850) dm³/m²s, hygroscopicity (25.0-47.5)%. The objects of the invention are also variants of the method of manufacturing non-woven filter material, the first of which involves the processing of viscose and polypropylene fibers with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride with the mass concentration (100-500) g/dm³ at processing module (1:2÷1:5) of weight parts for viscose fibers, at processing module (1:1.5÷1:3) of weight parts for polypropylene fibers. The version 2 of the claimed method provides for the processing of the whole filtering material with a solution of calcium chloride, which mass concentration is (100-500) g/dm³ at processing module (1:1.15÷1:3) of weight parts. In both versions, drying of the treated material is carried out at a temperature not exceeding 80°C and heat treatment with hot air at a temperature of (120-145)°C.

EFFECT: obtaining a porous hydrophilic filter material with a high air permeability and stability of shape, providing moisture and warming of air entering the patient's lungs through a breathing filter when endotracheal anesthesia and mechanical lungs ventilation.

18 cl, 1 dwg, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of manufacturing filter materials for respiratory filters and is intended for use in medicine, in particular in the process of anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

Known hydrophobic electrostatic breathing filter containing a non-woven filter material of polypropylene fibers (US Pat. US No. 6209541, IPC A61M 16/10, A62B 23/02, B01D 39/16, 04/03/2001).

The filter material of this breathing filter is a hydrophobic non-woven material with an electrostatic charge, which provides high efficiency for cleaning inhaled air from microorganisms, but does not provide humidification and warming of the air.

Closest to the claimed invention is a non-woven filter material for air and liquids made of natural material obtained using modified natural polymer chemical fibers, for example viscose fibers; or synthetic polymer chemical fibers; or, for example, polypropylene fibers; or bicomponent fibers; or from a mixture of the above fibers treated with antibacterial fiber compounds (US Pat. RU No. 2350376, IPC 8 B01D 39/16, D04H 3/10, D06M 16/00, 03/27/2009).

The non-woven filter material of this filter of various fibrous composition contains antibacterial agents and provides effective cleaning of liquids and air from bacteria, but cannot be used in respiratory filters as a heat and moisture exchange filter material, since it does not provide humidification and heating of inhaled air.

The technical result when using this invention is to obtain a porous hydrophilic filter material with high breathability and shape stability, which provides humidification and warming of the air entering the patient’s lungs through a breathing filter during endotracheal anesthesia and mechanical ventilation.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters contains fibrous layers of a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers bonded to a backing substrate; to give the material hydrophilic properties, it additionally contains calcium chloride, with viscose fibers having a linear density (0.17-0.33) tex, polypropylene fibers have a linear density (0.33-0.67) tex and 1.7 tex, bicomponent fibers have a core-shell structure and linear density (0.22-0.40) tex with the following ratio of components:

- viscose fiber (0.17-0.33) tex (20-40) wt.% - polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex (30-45) wt.% - polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex (5-10) wt.% - bicomponent fibers (0.22-0.40) tex (20-30) wt.% - calcium chloride (15-50) wt.%,

the surface density of the filter material is (100-500) g / m ² , air permeability (550-850) dm ³ / m ² s, hygroscopicity (25.0-47.5)%.

In addition, to achieve a technical result, the non-woven filter material contains 20-40 fibrous layers; the backing substrate is made of thermally bonded surface density polypropylene (12-30) g / m ² ; the fibrous layers and the backing substrate are bonded by needle piercing, while the piercing density of both the bottom and top of the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and the piercing depth is 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively; The “core” in bicomponent fibers is made of polyester, and the “shell” is made of polyethylene.

To achieve a technical result in the first embodiment of the method of manufacturing a non-woven filter material by forming and stacking layers of a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers, subsequent bonding of the fibrous layers with a backing substrate by needle piercing, heat treatment with hot air according to the invention, the viscose and polypropylene fibers are pretreated with an aqueous solution of chloride calcium, dried at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C, and before the formation of layers of wasps Weigh each type of fibers individually and mix them in the following ratio: viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) tex - (20-40) wt.%, polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex - (30-45) wt.%, Polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex - (5-10) wt.%, Bicomponent fibers of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex - (20-30) wt.%, the mass concentration of an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is (100-500) g / dm ³ with a processing module (1: 2 ÷ 1: 5) of weight parts for viscose fibers, with a processing module (1: 1,5 ÷ 1: 3) parts by weight for polypropylene windows, wherein the heat treatment of the filter material obtained with hot air is carried out at a temperature of 120-145 ° C.

In addition, to achieve a technical result in the first embodiment of the claimed method of manufacturing a non-woven filter material, 20-40 fibrous layers are added; the backing substrate is made of thermally bonded surface density polypropylene (12-30) g / m ² ; the bonding of the fibrous layers with a duplicate substrate is carried out on a needle punching machine, and the piercing density both from below and from above the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and the piercing depth is 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively; The “core” of bicomponent fibers is made of polyester, and the “shell” is made of polyethylene; an aqueous solution of calcium chloride for processing polypropylene fiber additionally contains an adhesive, for example PVA mass concentration (0.005-0.010) g / DM ³ ; processing viscose and polypropylene fibers with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is carried out by impregnation or irrigation.

To achieve a technical result in the second embodiment of the method of manufacturing a non-woven filter material by forming and folding the fibrous layers from a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers, bonding the fibrous layers to a backing substrate by needle piercing, heat treatment with hot air according to the invention, before each layer is formed, each type of fibers is weighed according to separately, then mixing the fibers in the following ratio: viscose fibers of linear density and (0.17-0.33) tex - (20-40) wt.%, polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex - (30-45) wt.%, polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex - (5-10) wt.%, Bicomponent fibers of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex - (20-30) wt.%, Heat treatment of the resulting filter material with hot air is carried out at a temperature of 120-145 ° C, weighing the filter material, and then processing it with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of (100-500) g / dm ³ with a working off module (1: 1 ÷ 1: 3) of weight parts, then drying at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C.

In addition, to achieve a technical result in the claimed second variant of the method for manufacturing a non-woven filter material, 20-40 fibrous layers are added; the backing substrate is made of thermally bonded surface density polypropylene (12-30) g / m ² ; the bonding of the fibrous layers with a duplicate substrate is carried out on a needle-punched machine, while the piercing density both on top and bottom of the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and the piercing depth is 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively; The “core” of bicomponent fibers is made of polyester, and the “shell” is made of polyethylene; processing the filter material with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is carried out by impregnation or irrigation.

The drawing shows a schematic representation of a non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters.

The non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters contains 20-40 fibrous layers 1 of a mixture of viscose 2, propylene 3 and bicomponent fibers 4. The fibrous layers 1 are bonded to a backing pad 5 of thermally bonded polypropylene. The duplicate substrate 5 has a surface density (12-30) g / m ² and is bonded to the fibrous layers 1 of fibers on a needle-punched machine. The piercing density both on the top and bottom of the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² , and the piercing depth on the one hand, for example from below, is 6 mm, and from the other side, for example from above, is 8 mm. In the drawing, reference numeral 6 denotes fiber bundles holding the fibrous layers together and with a backing substrate 5 as a result of piercing. The bicomponent fibers 4 have a “core-shell” structure, in which the “core” is made of polyester and the “shell” is made of polyethylene. When heat-treating the filter material with hot air at a temperature of 120-145 ° C, additional heat bonding of the fibers occurs with the melt of the polyethylene sheath of the bicomponent fibers 4. After impregnation or irrigation of the filter material with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, calcium chloride particles 7 are located between the fibers and fibers 2, 3, 4.

For the manufacture of non-woven filter material, viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) tex manufactured by Lenzing Viscose, polypropylene fibers of linear density (0.33-0.67) tex and 1.7 tex manufactured in STO were used 2272-001-78262563.003-2008, bicomponent fibers of the shell-core structure of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex manufactured in South Korea or Russia according to TU 2272-003-13429727-2006; thermally bonded surface density polypropylene (12-30) g / m ² according to TU 2282-001-72716572-08; Pharmacopoeia calcium chloride FS 42-0006-56-75-04 P.003964.01.

The resulting filter material has a surface density (100-500) g / m ² , air permeability (550-850) dm ³ / m ² s, hygroscopicity (25.0-47.5)% and allows to achieve humidification of the air entering the patient’s lungs through a respiratory filter during endotracheal anesthesia and mechanical ventilation, up to (28-32) mg / dm ³ and warming it to (29-33) ° C, while the moisture loss from the patient's body is (9.0-14.0) mg per 1 dm ^{3 of} exhaled air, depending on the surface density, thickness and mass concentration of calcium chloride.

The claimed non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters is made as follows.

1 option

Viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) Tex are pre-impregnated or irrigated with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of (100-500) g / dm ³ with a processing module (1: 2 ÷ 1: 5) weight parts to give hydrophilic properties.

Polypropylene fibers of linear density (0.33-0.67) tex are impregnated or irrigated with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of (100-500) g / dm ³ and a mass concentration of an adhesive, in particular PVA or other similar, (0.005-0.010 ) g / dm ³ with the processing module (1: 1,5 ÷ 1: 3) of the weight parts. Then the viscose and polypropylene fibers are dried at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C.

Before the formation of fibrous layers, each type of fiber is weighed separately and mixed in the following ratio: viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) tex - (20-40) wt.%, Polypropylene fibers (0.33-0, 67) tex (30-45) wt.%, Polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex - (5-10) wt.%, Bicomponent fibers of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex - (20-30) wt. %

Fibrous layers are formed on the carding machine, then 20-40 layers are added and bonded to each other and with a backing substrate of thermally bonded polypropylene having a surface density of (12-30) g / m ² using a needle-punched method with a piercing density of the material below and above 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and a piercing depth of 6 mm on one side, for example from below, and a piercing depth of 8 mm from the other side, for example from above.

In the shrink chamber, heat treatment of the obtained non-woven filter material with hot air is carried out at a temperature of 120-145 ° C. At this temperature, a “sheath” of polyethylene melts in the bicomponent fiber, further bonding the fibrous layers.

The obtained porous filter material has a low bulk density, high air permeability while high strength and shape stability.

The high porosity of the filter material ensures retention of up to 50% calcium chloride in the volume of the material without a significant reduction in air permeability. The filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% 15.0-20.0 - surface density, g / m ² 100-500 - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 1.5-6.0 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 550-850

Option 2

Before the formation of fibrous layers from viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers, each type of fiber is weighed separately and mixed in the following ratio: viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) tex - (20-40) wt.%, Polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex (30-45) wt.%, Polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex - (5-10) wt.%, Bicomponent fibers of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex - (20-30) wt.%.

Then, fibrous layers are formed from a mixture of fibers on a carding machine, 20-40 layers are added and bonded to each other and with a backing substrate of thermally bonded polypropylene having a surface density of (12-30) g / m ² , using a needle-punched method with a piercing density from below and on top of the material, 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and a piercing depth of 6 mm on one side, for example from below, and a piercing depth of 8 mm from the other side, for example from above.

The resulting web of non-woven filter material is treated in a heat shrink chamber with hot air at a temperature of 120-145 ° C. At the same time, in a bicomponent fiber at this temperature the “sheath” of polyethylene melts, additionally fastening the fibrous layers. Then the filter material is weighed and treated with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of (100-500) g / dm ³ with a processing module (1: 1.5 ÷ 1: 3) of weight parts to give the filter material hydrophilic properties, i.e. the ability to absorb water vapor from the air stream passing through it, then dried at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C.

Thus, a filter material with a low bulk density (porous), high air permeability with simultaneous high strength and shape stability is obtained.

The high porosity of the filter material makes it possible to retain up to 50% calcium chloride in the volume of the material without a significant reduction in air permeability. The resulting filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% 15.0-50.0 - surface density, g / m ² 100-500 - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 1,5-5,5 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 550-850 - hygroscopicity,% 25.0-47.5

As can be seen from the above data, the obtained non-woven thermally bonded filter material has high air permeability and hygroscopicity. The thickness of the filter material is determined, on the one hand, by the required moisture capacity, on the other hand, by air permeability, which should be at least 550 dm ³ / m ² s, as well as by the construction of the breathing filter, namely the height of the internal cavity into which the filter material is placed.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

Non-woven filter material is obtained by forming and combining fibrous layers on a carding machine. The fibrous layers are bonded to each other and to a backing substrate of thermally bonded polypropylene on a needle-punched machine with a puncture density of 90 and more punctures per cm ² from the bottom and top, a piercing depth of 6 mm from the bottom, and a piercing depth of 8 mm from the top.

The heat treatment of the filter material is carried out with hot air at a temperature of 120 ° C.

The composition of the filter material:

- viscose fiber linear density 0.33 tex,% twenty - polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.67 tex,% 45 - polypropylene fiber of linear density 1.7 tex,% 10 - bicomponent fiber of linear density 0.4 tex,% 25 - the number of fibrous layers, pcs. thirty - surface density of thermally bonded polypropylene, g / m ² 12

The filter material is impregnated with a solution of calcium chloride with a concentration of 100 g / dm ³ with a 1: 2 module. Dry the filter material at a temperature of 60 ° C.

The filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% twenty - surface density, g / m ² 325 - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 25 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 700 - hygroscopicity,% thirty

The moisture loss from the humidification circuit according to the test results of the bacterial-viral heat and moisture exchange filter on the stand, manufactured in accordance with the international standard ISO 9360-1: 2000 (E), at an air flow rate of 450 dm ³ / h is 13.0 mg / dm ³ ; humidity at the exit of the respiratory filter from the patient - 28.2 mg / dm ³ ; the air temperature at the outlet of the breathing filter from the patient is 28.8 ° C.

The aerodynamic resistance of the breathing filter (at an air flow rate of 30 dm ³ / min and a filtration area of 23 cm ² ) - (12.5-13.5) mm water column

Example 2

Non-woven filter material is obtained analogously to example 1. The composition of the filter material:

- viscose fiber with a linear density of 0.17 tex,% thirty - polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.33 tex,% 35 - polypropylene fiber of linear density 1.7 tex,% 5 - bicomponent fiber of linear density 0.4 tex,% thirty - the number of fibrous layers, pcs. 40

- surface density of thermally bonded

polypropylene, g / m ² 12

The filter material is impregnated with a solution of calcium chloride with a concentration of 200 g / dm ³ with a 1: 2 module. Dry the filter material at a temperature of 80 ° C.

The filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% 25 - surface density, g / m ² 420 - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 3.9 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 620 - hygroscopicity,% 35.5

The moisture loss from the humidification circuit according to the test results of the bacterial-viral heat and moisture exchange filter on the stand, manufactured in accordance with the international standard ISO 9360-1: 2000 (E), at an air flow rate of 450 dm ³ / h is 11.0 mg / dm ³ ; humidity at the exit of the respiratory filter from the patient - 31.12 mg / DM ³ ; the air temperature at the outlet of the breathing filter from the patient is 30.18 ° C.

The aerodynamic resistance of the respiratory filter (at an air flow rate of 30 dm ³ / min and a filtration area of 23 cm ² ) - (13.5-14.5) mm water column

Example 3

Non-woven filter material is obtained analogously to example 1.

Heat treatment of the filter material is carried out with hot air at a temperature of 145 ° C.

The composition of the filter material:

- viscose fiber linear density 0.33 tex,% 35 - polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.67 tex,% 35 - polypropylene fiber of linear density 1.7 tex,% 5 - bicomponent fiber of linear density 0.22 tex,% 25 - the number of fibrous layers, pcs. 40 - surface density of thermally bonded polypropylene, g / m ² thirty

The filter material is impregnated with a solution of calcium chloride with a concentration of 500 g / dm ³ with a 1: 2 module. Dry the filter material at a temperature of 80 ° C.

The filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% fifty - surface density, g / m ² 500 - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 4,5 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 550 - hygroscopicity,% 47.5

The moisture loss from the humidification circuit according to the test results of the bacterial-viral heat and moisture exchange filter on the stand, manufactured in accordance with the international standard ISO 9360-1: 2000 (E), at an air flow rate of 450 dm ³ / h is 9.0 mg / dm; humidity at the exit of the respiratory filter from the patient - 33.0 mg / dm ³ ; the air temperature at the outlet of the breathing filter from the patient is 32.1 ° C.

The aerodynamic resistance of the breathing filter (at an air flow rate of 30 dm ³ / min and a filtration area of 23 cm ² ) - (15.5-16.0) mm water column

Example 4

To manufacture a non-woven filter material, viscose fiber after weighing is treated with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of 100 g / dm ³ with a 1: 5 module, followed by drying at a temperature of 75 ° C, while the mass fraction of calcium chloride in the fiber is 40%; polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.67 tex after weighing is treated with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of 300 g / dm ³ and a mass concentration of PVA of 0.005 g / dm ³ with a module of 1: 1.5, followed by drying at a temperature of 75 ° C, while mass the proportion of calcium chloride in the fiber is 20%.

Non-woven filter material is obtained by forming and combining fibrous layers on a carding machine.

The fibrous layers are bonded to each other and to a backing substrate of thermally bonded polypropylene on a needle-punched machine with a puncture density of 90 and 1 puncture from below and above per cm ² and a piercing depth of 6 mm from the bottom and 8 mm from the top.

The heat treatment of the filter material is carried out with hot air at a temperature of 120 ° C.

The composition of the filter material:

- viscose fiber linear density 0.33 tex,% 40 (with a mass fraction of calcium chloride of 40%) - polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.67 tex,% with a mass fraction of calcium chloride of 20%) thirty - polypropylene fiber of linear density 1.7 tex,% 10 - bicomponent fiber of linear density 0.4 tex,% twenty - the number of fibrous layers, pcs. 40 - surface density of thermally bonded polypropylene, g / m ² 12

The filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% twenty - surface density, g / m ² 390 - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 4.4 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 750 - hygroscopicity,% 34.5

The moisture loss from the humidification circuit according to the test results of the bacterial-viral heat and moisture exchange filter on the stand, manufactured in accordance with the international standard ISO 9360-1: 2000 (E), at an air flow rate of 450 dm ³ / h is 12.5 mg / dm ³ ; humidity at the exit of the respiratory filter from the patient - 29.3 mg / dm ³ ; the air temperature at the outlet of the breathing filter from the patient is 30.0 ° C.

Aerodynamic resistance (at an air flow rate of 30 dm ³ / min) - (13.0-14.0) mm water column

Example 5

Non-woven filter material is obtained analogously to example 4.

To manufacture a non-woven filter material, viscose fiber after weighing is treated with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of 150 g / dm ³ with a 1: 3 module, followed by drying at a temperature of 75 ° C, while the mass fraction of calcium chloride in the fiber is 30%; polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.67 tex after weighing is treated with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of 200 g / dm ³ and a mass concentration of PVA 0,010 g / dm ³ with a module of 1: 3, followed by drying at a temperature of 75 ° C, while the mass fraction of chloride calcium in the fiber is 15%.

The composition of the filter material:

- viscose fiber linear density 0.33 tex,% 40 with a mass fraction of calcium chloride 30% - polypropylene fiber of linear density 0.67 tex,% thirty with a mass fraction of calcium chloride of 15%, - polypropylene fiber of linear density 1.7 tex,% 10 - bicomponent fiber of linear density 0.4 tex,% twenty - the number of fibrous layers, pcs. twenty - surface density of thermally bonded polypropylene, g / m ² 12

The filter material has the following characteristics:

- mass fraction of calcium chloride,% fifteen - surface density, g / m ² one hundred - thickness (at a load of 2.0 kPa), mm 1,5 - air permeability, dm ³ / m ² s 850 - hygroscopicity,% 25.0

The moisture loss from the humidification circuit according to the test results of the bacterial-viral heat and moisture exchange filter on the stand, manufactured in accordance with the international standard ISO 9360-1: 2000 (E), at an air flow rate of 450 dm ³ / h is 14.0 mg / dm; humidity at the exit of the respiratory filter from the patient - 28.0 mg / dm ³ ; the air temperature at the outlet of the breathing filter from the patient is 29.0 ° C.

Aerodynamic resistance (at an air flow rate of 30 dm ³ / min) - (11.5-12.0) mm water column

Claims (18)

1. Non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters containing fibrous layers of a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers bonded to a backing substrate, characterized in that, to give the material hydrophilic properties, additionally contains calcium chloride, and viscose fibers have a linear density ( 0.17-0.33) tex, polypropylene fibers have a linear density (0.33-0.67) tex and 1.7 tex, bicomponent fibers have a core-sheath structure and linear density (0.22-0, 40) tex in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
viscose fiber (0.17-0.33) tex 20-40 wt.% polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex 30-45 wt.% polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex 5-10 wt.% bicomponent fibers (0.22-0.40) tex 20-30 wt.% calcium chloride 15-50 wt.%,
the surface density of the filter material is (100-500) g / m ² , air permeability (550-850) dm ³ / m ² · s, hygroscopicity (25.0-47.5)%. 2. Non-woven filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 20-40 fibrous layers. 3. The non-woven filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the backing substrate is made of thermally bonded polypropylene with a surface density of (12-30) g / m ² . 4. Non-woven filter material according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the fiber layers and the backing substrate are bonded by needle piercing, while the puncture density both from the bottom and from the top of the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and the depth puncturing is 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively. 5. The non-woven filter material according to claim 1, characterized in that the "core" of the bicomponent fibers is made of polyester, and the "shell" is made of polyethylene. 6. A method of manufacturing a non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters by forming and folding the fibrous layers from a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers, bonding the fibrous layers with a backing pad by needle piercing, heat treatment with hot air, characterized in that they are pre-treated with viscose and polypropylene fibers with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, then drying at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C, and before forming the fibers the true layers carry out the weighing of the fibers of each species separately and mixing them in the following ratio, wt.%:
viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) tex 20-40 linear density polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex 30-45 linear density polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex 5-10 bicomponent fibers of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex 20-30,
the mass concentration of an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is (100-500) g / dm ³ with a processing module (1: 2 ÷ 1: 5) of weight parts for viscose fibers, with a processing module (1: 1,5 ÷ 1: 3) weight parts for polypropylene fibers, and the heat treatment of the resulting filter material with hot air is carried out at a temperature of 120-145 ° C. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the addition of 20-40 fibrous layers. 8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the backing substrate is made of thermally bonded polypropylene with a surface density of (12-30) g / m ² . 9. The method according to claim 6, or 7, or 8, characterized in that the bonding of the fibrous layers with a backing substrate is carried out on a needle punch machine, while the piercing density both from below and above the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and the depth puncturing is 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively. 10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the aqueous solution of calcium chloride for processing polypropylene fiber further comprises an adhesive, for example a surfactant, mass concentration (0.005-0.010) g / DM ³ . 11. The method according to claim 6 or 10, characterized in that the processing of viscose and propylene fibers with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is carried out by impregnation or irrigation. 12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the "core" of the bicomponent fibers is made of polyester, and the "shell" is made of polyethylene. 13. A method of manufacturing a non-woven filter material for bacterial-viral respiratory filters by forming and folding the fibrous layers from a mixture of viscose, polypropylene and bicomponent fibers, bonding the fibrous layers with a backing pad by needle piercing, heat treatment with hot air, characterized in that before forming the fibrous layers carry out weighing the fibers of each species separately, then mixing the fibers in the following ratio, wt.%:
viscose fibers of linear density (0.17-0.33) tex 20-40 linear density polypropylene fibers (0.33-0.67) tex 30-45 linear density polypropylene fibers 1.7 tex 5-10 bicomponent fibers of linear density (0.22-0.40) tex 20-30,
and heat treatment of the resulting filter material with hot air at a temperature of 120-145 ° C, then weighing the filter material and processing it with a solution of calcium chloride with a mass concentration of (100-500) g / dm ³ with a processing module (1: 1,5 ÷ 1: 3) weight parts, then drying at a temperature not exceeding 80 ° C. 14. The method according to item 13, wherein the addition of 20-40 fibrous layers. 15. The method according to item 13, wherein the backing substrate is made of thermally bonded polypropylene with a surface density of (12-30) g / m ² . 16. The method according to item 13, or 14, or 15, characterized in that the bonding of the fibrous layers with a backup substrate is carried out on a needle-punched machine, while the piercing density both from below and from above the material is 90 punctures per 1 cm ² and the depth puncturing is 6 mm and 8 mm, respectively. 17. The method according to item 13, wherein the "core" of the bicomponent fibers is made of polyester, and the "shell" is made of polyethylene. 18. The method according to item 13, wherein the processing of the filter material with an aqueous solution of calcium chloride is carried out by impregnation or irrigation.