RU2453506C1 - Method of removing impurities from water and apparatus for realising said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: method of removing impurities from water involves feeding the water to be purified into a cylindrical mixing chamber which is divided into a top mass exchange chamber 1 and a bottom mass exchange chamber 2 by a partition wall 8 with a coaxial hole 4 relative an air-feeding tube 5, swirling the stream of water in the bottom mass exchange chamber 1 on the periphery to create a pressure drop along the central axis of the mixing chamber, sucking atmospheric air and forming two opposite water streams in the bottom and top mass exchange chambers, which interact with each other to form a standing wave and simultaneously saturating the air stream with oxygen. Finely dispersed insoluble impurities formed in the water stream are concentrated on the periphery of the swirled stream in the cylindrical mixing chamber and are output through a permeable wall 7 in the side surface of the top mass exchange chamber 2.

EFFECT: efficient method of removing impurities from aqueous solutions with high degree of purification and cutting duration of the purification process and without adding reagents.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of natural water treatment, various wastewater and can be used for the purification and disinfection of tap water.

Prior level

Known aerator (Patent RU 2021979, publ. 30.10.1994, IPC ⁵ C02F 3/12, C02F 3/16). The aerator is equipped with a special water intake device in the form of a casing mounted coaxially to the integral shaft in the form of a reverse truncated cone with tangential water receiving holes located on its upper larger base for swirling the flow in the casing. The aerator rotor is equipped with arcuate blades, as well as blades and has a freely rotating ring rotor to create a hydrodynamic shock and crushing air bubbles in the enhanced cavitation mode. During operation of the aerator, a stable air funnel is formed inside the casing along the flow axis and a flow of water from the upper layers swirling along the casing surface, which ensures an increase in the degree of saturation of water with air, an increase in productivity, and also the resource of the aerator.

The disadvantage of this device is not a high degree of saturation of water with oxygen. This aerator does not allow reagent-free treatment of water and various wastewater,

A known method and device for cavitation treatment of water from impurities (WO 2005082786, publ. 09.09.2005, IPC ⁷ C02F 1/3). Water to be cleaned of foreign substances continuously passes through the line in which the device for narrowing the flow is installed. When water moves through such a device, its speed increases and its pressure decreases, which leads to cavitation, which is maintained in a controlled mode. The cavitation process decomposes the impurities present in the water to form less harmful compounds. Water purification is carried out without irradiation and the use of additional energy sources.

The disadvantage of this method and device is that cavitation is difficult to conduct in a controlled manner and, accordingly, a sufficient degree of purification of aqueous media from harmful compounds is not achieved.

A known method of treating water by exposing it to air and can find application both in the treatment of drinking and household water, and in wastewater treatment. A method of treating water involves aeration thereof by ejecting air with water and its cavitation. For water cavitation, its flow is sprayed from the nozzle under a pressure drop of at least 2 atm, and for its aeration, the ejected air is supplied to the sprayed water after its cavitation, after which the water is separated from gaseous and solid inclusions. Effect: effective purification and disinfection of water without the use of chemical reagents (Patent RU 2272791, publ. 03/27/2006, IPC B01F 5/02).

The disadvantage of this method is difficult to maintain a water and wastewater treatment plant.

To improve the efficiency of cavitation treatment of a fluid flow, a method for processing a fluid flow in a cavitation reactor is proposed (Patent RU 2254913, published June 27, 2005, IPC ⁷ B01J 19/10), in which a fluid flow is passed through a cavitation reactor at a given speed, in which a standing acoustic wave is established, causing cavitation. In one of the planes parallel to the vibrational displacements of the particles of a liquid medium in an acoustic wave, the flow is limited by a flat diaphragm. Inside the flow restriction section, the density of the time-average potential cavitation energy is set to no less than its average value over the volume of the reactor in the absence of a diaphragm.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently high degree of water purification.

To increase the degree of water purification without the use of reagents, the use of a swirling flow using various installations is proposed.

The closest solution to the claimed is a method of purifying water from iron and a device. The method includes the supply of purified water to the purification device, the organization of a swirling water stream, the axial supply of atmospheric air, providing oxygen saturation of the water, and separate conclusions from the purified water device and insoluble impurities. The swirling stream, saturated with oxygen, is tangentially fed into a cylindrical container, twisting it with an axis orthogonal to the axis of the supplied swirling stream, insoluble impurities formed in the stream, concentrating around the periphery, are trapped, and the main stream is additionally passed through the filter element before being output from the device ( Application RU 96108537, published on July 27, 1998, IPC ⁶ C02F 1/78).

A device for implementing this method includes a cylindrical chamber for mixing the flow of purified water with air, an air supply pipe entering the geometric center of the chamber end, a trap for collecting insoluble impurities, and separate conclusions from the device for purified water and insoluble impurities. It is equipped with a cylindrical tank, in the middle part of which there is a filter element forming a purified water collector in the bottom with its outlet from the device, a valve for exhaust air discharge is installed in the geometric center of the upper end of the tank, while the tank is connected to the chamber by a pipe, one end of which connected to the geometric center of the end of the chamber opposite to the end with the air pipe, and tangentially introduced through the side surface of the container into the upper part of the chamber, which is free from a filter element, while the trap is connected to the upper part of the tank by a pipe with a locking device through its lateral surface.

The disadvantage of the above devices is that the high-speed swirling flow quickly loses its properties, as a result of which there is not enough time to turn impurities in the water stream into an insoluble precipitate, therefore it is necessary to introduce additional filtering elements, which complicates the flow cleaning system.

A device for cleaning water from iron is known, including a cylindrical chamber for organizing a swirling flow, a trap for collecting insoluble impurities, separate conclusions for purified water and insoluble impurities. In the inlet part of the chamber there is a nozzle for introducing purified water passing through the swirl into the chamber, the trap is made two-sectional, and the first section is made in the form of an annular cylindrical container, covering the cylindrical chamber and communicating with it using at least one row of axisymmetric holes, located along the perimeter of the cylindrical chamber in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the flow, the second section is made in the form of a cylinder, the upper end of which serves as the bottom of the cylindrical chamber, where axisymmetric holes are made in diameter coaxial to the axis of rotation of the flow, the conclusions for insoluble impurities are located in the lower part of both sections of the trap, and the area of axisymmetric holes in the second section of the trap does not exceed 20% of the cross-sectional area of the outlet for purified water, while the diameter on which located axisymmetric holes of the second section of the trap, larger than the diameter of the opposite blind end of the cylindrical chamber (Application RU 2006118625, publ. December 20, 2007, IPC C02F 1/78).

This device has the same disadvantages as the above device.

As can be seen from the above, there is currently a need for the development of methods and devices for reagent-free water purification with a high degree, which allow purifying various wastewaters, as well as purifying and disinfecting drinking water, purifying and disinfecting tap water, and treating natural waters.

Disclosure of invention

The problem solved by the present invention is the development of an effective method for removing impurities from aqueous solutions without introducing reagents with a high specified degree of water purification, while reducing the duration of the cleaning process and developing a device for implementing the method.

The problem is solved by a method of purifying water from impurities, including supplying purified water to a cylindrical mixing chamber, organizing a swirling water stream, supplying atmospheric air along the axis of the mixing chamber to ensure oxygen saturation of the water, and removing water and insoluble impurities from the cylindrical mixing chamber. A standing wave is organized in the cylindrical mixing chamber, to create which the cylindrical mixing chamber is divided into the upper mass transfer chamber and the lower mass transfer chamber by means of a partition with a coaxial hole relative to the air supply pipe and bypass channels along the periphery for air supply and water flow. The purification water stream is twisted in the lower mass transfer chamber at a predetermined speed along the periphery to create a vacuum along the central axis of the cylindrical mixing chamber, draw in atmospheric air and form two oncoming water flows in the lower and upper mass transfer chambers, interacting with each other with the formation of a standing wave and simultaneous saturation water flow with oxygen. Insoluble finely dispersed impurities formed in the water stream, which concentrate around the periphery of the swirling stream in a cylindrical mixing chamber, are removed from the cylindrical mixing chamber through a permeable wall in the side surface of the upper mass transfer chamber to a larger container.

The problem is also solved using a device for water purification, including a cylindrical chamber for mixing the flow of purified water with air, an air supply pipe directed to the center of the chamber end, a container for collecting insoluble impurities and separate conclusions from the device for purified water and insoluble impurities. The cylindrical mixing chamber is closed from above by a lid, through the center of which an air supply pipe is installed.

The cylindrical mixing chamber is divided into an upper mass transfer chamber and a lower mass transfer chamber by means of a partition with a coaxial hole relative to the air supply pipe and bypass channels at the periphery. The lower mass transfer chamber is formed in the lower part by the end face of the cylindrical mixing chamber and is equipped with at least two tangential nozzles for supplying purified water and swirling the water stream. In the partition, bypass channels are made along the periphery for passing clots and solid inclusions into the upper mass transfer chamber. A permeable wall is made in the lateral surface of the upper mass transfer chamber for the treated water stream to exit into a larger container in which at least one cylindrical mixing chamber is installed. In the lower part of the tank there is a pipe for removing insoluble substances and clean water pipe, and in the upper part of the tank there is a pipe for exhaust air.

The water treatment apparatus preferably has pumps for supplying the water to be treated, a water purifier collector, a pipe line and automatic control.

In the water treatment apparatus, a mesh is preferably used as the permeable wall, or the permeable wall is obtained by making holes of a given size in the side surface of the upper mass transfer chamber.

Preferably, in the cap of the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber there is a coaxial hole relative to the air supply pipe.

Preferably, at least two cylindrical mixing chambers are installed in the container.

The method is implemented as follows: purified water is pumped through tangential nozzles through the peripheral region of the cylindrical mixing chamber (the resulting swirling flow has a cellular structure, and a vacuum is created along the axis of rotation of the flow, which ensures the direction of the air flow, which propagates towards to the water flow with a given speed, it encounters already active ions, reacts with them and, reaching the periphery of the upper mass transfer chamber with the main flow, removes the formed substances from the reaction zone through the lateral surface of the upper mass transfer chamber, in which a grid with specified hole sizes is installed.

It is known that water is the best solvent for mineral salts. With the proposed method, an organized swirling flow with the formation of a standing wave of salt at high mixing speeds dissociates, decays into ions. Water forms positively charged hydrogen ions and OH hydroxyl groups. In an aqueous solution of large mass, ion exchange occurs, the resulting insoluble compounds precipitate, water is freed from the substances dissolved in it and reaches an equilibrium composition. The proposed organization of ion exchange of dissolved salts and the withdrawal of the obtained reaction substances from the reaction zone was made possible by the organization of the counter-swirling flows controlled by the proposed method, depending on the required quality of water purification.

The highest speed of the chemical process involving the solid phase corresponds to the case of the maximum contact area of the phases. In the proposed method, countercurrent swirling water flows interact and fast ion exchange occurs.

As a result of the intensification of the process, in accordance with the proposed method, all reactions: oxidation-reduction, substitution, neutralization, partial electrolysis of water, etc. go to the end. In the presence of iron ions in the water to be treated directly, iron (III) hydroxide of molecular dispersion is formed directly in the device, and then a gel of a given structure with the necessary properties is obtained, which allows precipitating practically many impurities

Due to ion exchange, calcium, magnesium, manganese and others are easily removed. The resulting nuclei of insoluble compounds have a size of up to 5 angstroms, which does not allow them to be retained in classical filters.

During their formation, iron hydroxides are able to incorporate these nuclei into their structure, for example, iron oxides are converted to crystalline hydrates and coarsened, forming flakes, that is, iron hydroxide coprecipitation occurs.

The purified water is accelerated to a predetermined speed, twisted, forced to pass along a curved path along a permeable perforated wall, behind which a pressure equal to the static pressure behind the perforated mesh is maintained in a large volume tank. Due to the dynamic pressure of the swirling flow stream, the flakes together with water pass through the permeable wall in the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber and remain in a large volume of the tank, allowing water molecules to bounce back into the swirling flow, colliding with the wall, i.e., static pressure in a larger tank. A large mass of crystalline hydrates, hydroxides and embryos of insoluble, newly formed compounds accumulate in a “jelly” capacity in a larger volume, which is the main water-clarifying agent for embryos of insoluble substances.

A brief description of the figures of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cylindrical mixing chamber in which a liquid stream is converted.

Figure 2 shows a section of a cylindrical mixing chamber along aa, figure 3 is a section along bb.

Figure 4 shows a water treatment scheme containing two cylindrical mixing chambers.

The cylindrical mixing chamber, in which the multiphase liquid stream is converted, consists of two mass transfer chambers: lower 1 and upper 2. The lower mass transfer chamber 1 is formed in the lower part by the end face of the cylindrical mixing chamber. The upper mass transfer chamber 2 is closed by a cover 3. The upper 2 and lower 1 mass transfer chambers communicate with each other through a coaxial hole 4. An air supply pipe 5 is installed in the center of the cover 3.

Mass transfer chambers lower 1 and upper 2 are interconnected bypass channels 6.

A permeable wall is made in the side surface of the upper mass transfer chamber 2 of the cylindrical mixing chamber, for example in the form of a grid 7, for the treated liquid stream to exit into a larger container in which the cylindrical mixing chamber is installed, or holes are made on the side surface of the upper mass transfer chamber 2 of the cylindrical mixing chamber given size.

In the partition 8, a coaxial hole 4 is made relative to the air supply pipe 5 and the bypass channels 6.

The lower mass transfer chamber 1 of the cylindrical mixing chamber is provided with tangential nozzles 9 for supplying purified water.

In the lid 3, a coaxial hole 10 is made relative to the air supply pipe 5, in order to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the cylindrical mixing chamber according to the preferred embodiment.

In another embodiment, the coaxial hole 10 in the lid 3 may not be present in the cylindrical mixing chamber.

A larger cylinder 15 has a cylindrical mixing chamber in which the upper mass transfer chamber 2 is in communication with the lower mass transfer chamber 1 by a coaxial hole 4 and bypass channels 6 and tangential tubes 9 for supplying the treated water. In the lower part of the tank 15, a pipe 11 is made for the withdrawal of the formed insoluble substances and a pipe 12 for the release of purified water. In the upper part of the tank 15 is installed a pipe 13 for exhaust air. The device has a pump 14 for supplying the source of purified water.

The device operates as follows: the source purified water is pumped into the lower mass transfer chamber 1 of the cylindrical mixing chamber, where it is twisted and draws air from the air supply pipe 5 due to rarefaction in the center, forming a hydrosol and ion exchange reaction zone due to the formation of a standing acoustic wave. The hydrosol rotates at a set speed. In a rotating hydrosol stream, ion exchange processes continue.

Large formations (clots), following a rotating flow due to inertia, are concentrated along the peripheral part of the mass transfer chambers, communicating through the bypass channels 6, and, accumulating in the upper mass transfer chamber 2 of the cylindrical mixing chamber, push each other through the coaxial hole 4. Through the free surface in the tank 15 exhaust air leaves through the pipe 13. The resulting flakes of insoluble substances are periodically removed from the tank 15 through the pipe 11 and disposed of. Water with the necessary degree of purification through the pipe 12 is sent to the consumer.

The best embodiment of the invention

The claimed device can be easily readjusted for greater productivity by installing a larger number of cylindrical mixing chambers and increasing the flow rate.

Figure 4 shows a device comprising two cylindrical mixing chambers, which is optimal in industrial applications: in one chamber, the feed water is purified, and in the other chamber, the reaction products are unloaded.

The speed and time of circulation in the cylindrical mixing chambers is maintained automatically for processing in the standing wave mode, using known means for automation, as well as the use of predetermined programs and computer control depending on the specified conditions for the treatment and the composition of the supplied water for treatment.

The proposed device enables serial connection in one installation of several swirling flows, organized in different ways. The discharge of exhaust air is carried out in a larger tank 15 (battery-damper) through the free surface of the water. The discharge of insoluble impurities from the tank 15 can be done by automatic hydraulic washing.

The container 15 may have any shape and volume (for example, have a rectangular cross section). The proposed device allows for deep cleaning of various wastewater without additional use of a filter element, its role is played by the hydrogel formed in the device, with the growth of the hydrate crystal, substances of less than 5 angstroms formed in the cylindrical mixing chamber during mass transfer are embedded in their structure .

The swirling flow rate for the purification of aqueous media with different impurities is a variable. A big advantage of this device is the absence of a filter element that needs to be regenerated during cleaning. In the proposed device, crystalline hydrates are removed together with the absorbed insoluble formed substances.

The proposed method is implemented using the claimed device as follows: the purified water is supplied using a pump 14 under pressure, providing the necessary speed to the tangential inlet pipes 9, in accordance with Newton’s first law in straight jets. Encountering a curved surface of a cylindrical mixing chamber, it spreads in accordance with the Novier-Stokes equations in three coordinates at each point in piecewise-linear jets. A visually smoothly swirling jet filling the entire volume of the lower mass transfer chamber 1 creates free space along the central axis (rarefaction). Through the air supply pipe 5 installed in this space, air is sucked in, reaches the bottom of the lower mass transfer chamber 1 of the cylindrical mixing chamber and spreads along the bottom concentrically from the central axis to the boundary with the surface of the water being treated. Then, the inertial law of rotational motion comes into effect, entraining air from the center to the periphery along the corridors between the jets of the Novye-Stokes movement, thereby forming an oncoming movement: water-air. Water with air inclusions moves from the periphery to the center (radial flow) and, then following through the coaxial hole 4 between the partition 8 and the air supply pipe 5, into the upper mass transfer chamber 2 of the cylindrical mixing chamber, forming a smooth swirling stream consisting of liquid and gaseous phases. In the process of chemical transformations an insoluble solid phase appears. The flow becomes three-phase. Part of this flow is discharged through the grid 7 into the tank 15 with the liquid. Through the free surface of the liquid in the tank 15, the exhaust air through the nozzles 13 goes out, and the solid insoluble phase, coagulating, settles to the bottom of the tank 15 of a large volume or is forced into a hydrodynamic trap located in the tank 15 (not shown in Fig. 4). Since the cylindrical mixing chamber is completely immersed in the liquid in the vessel 15, through the coaxial hole 10 from the vessel 15, the liquid flows into the cylindrical mixing chamber in the rarefaction region and then, following the air, into a smooth swirling stream, thereby loading the swirling stream with additional mass.

By the condition of constant angular momentum, the velocity (linear and rotational) of the swirling flow decreases, the rarefaction in the axial region decreases and the flow of liquid and air decreases into it.

The swirling flow, continuing rotation, is freed from excess mass (dropping it through the grid 7) and accelerates, thereby increasing the rarefaction of the axial region and creating conditions for the repetition of the cycle. Under these conditions, a standing wave is formed.

According to Pascal’s law, a standing wave is spherical (that is, it propagates in all directions equally) and, reflecting from the solid motionless walls of the device, interferes. Many resonant peaks appear that destroy large inclusions and help accelerate chemical reactions.

In addition, the bypass channels 6 in the partition 8 and the coaxial holes 4 and 10 in the cylindrical mixing chamber facilitate mixing.

The technical result of the invention consists in the intensification of the processes of purification of natural and wastewater from various impurities without the use of chemical reagents.

Industrial applicability

The invention can be used for the treatment of natural and wastewater, in public buildings for wastewater treatment, for the purification of water from iron, from hydroxides of various elements and can be used in enterprises engaged in the treatment and use of wastewater, for wastewater treatment from individual houses.

Claims (6)

1. A method of purifying water from impurities, including supplying purified water to a cylindrical mixing chamber, arranging a swirling water stream, supplying atmospheric air along the axis of the mixing chamber to ensure oxygen saturation of the water and withdrawing water and insoluble impurities from the cylindrical mixing chamber, characterized in that a standing wave is organized for the cylindrical mixing chamber, to create which the cylindrical mixing chamber is divided into the upper mass transfer chamber and the lower mass transfer chamber using partitions with a coaxial hole relative to the air supply pipe and bypass channels on the periphery for air supply and water flow, the water stream for cleaning is twisted in the lower mass transfer chamber at a given speed along the periphery to create a vacuum along the central axis of the cylindrical mixing chamber, draw in atmospheric air and form two oncoming water flows in the lower and upper chambers of mass transfer, interacting with each other with the formation of a standing wave and simultaneous saturation of the aqueous acid stream with hydrogen, insoluble finely dispersed impurities formed in the water stream that concentrate around the periphery of the swirling stream in a cylindrical mixing chamber are removed from the cylindrical mixing chamber through a permeable wall in the side surface of the upper mass transfer chamber to a larger container. 2. A device for water purification, comprising a cylindrical chamber for mixing the flow of purified water with air, an air supply pipe directed to the center of the end of the chamber, a container for collecting insoluble impurities and separate conclusions from the device for purified water and insoluble impurities, characterized in that the cylindrical mixing chamber is on top closed by a lid, through the center of which an air supply pipe is installed, the cylindrical mixing chamber is divided into the upper mass transfer chamber and the lower mass transfer chamber by means of a burn-out with a coaxial hole relative to the air supply pipe and peripheral bypass channels, the lower mass transfer chamber is formed in the lower part by the end of the cylindrical mixing chamber and is equipped with at least two tangential nozzles for supplying purified water and twisting the water flow, bypass channels are made in the partition along the periphery for passing clots and solid inclusions in the upper part of the cylindrical mixing chamber, a permeable wall is made in the lateral surface of the upper mass transfer chamber In order to exit the treated water stream into a larger container, in which at least one cylindrical mixing chamber is installed, there is a pipe in the lower part of the container for removing insoluble substances and clean water pipe, and a pipe for exhaust air discharge is installed in the upper part of the container. 3. The device for water purification according to claim 2, characterized in that it has a pump for supplying purified water, a collector of purified water, a line of pipelines and automatic control. 4. The water purification device according to claim 2, characterized in that a mesh is used as the permeable wall or the permeable wall is obtained by making holes of a given size in the side surface of the upper mass transfer chamber. 5. The device for water purification according to claim 2, characterized in that in the lid of the cylindrical mixing chamber a coaxial hole is made relative to the air supply pipe. 6. A device for water purification according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that at least two cylindrical mixing chambers are installed in the tank.

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