RU2452158C2 - Universal combined tillage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: unit comprises a frame with support wheels, a hinged or trailing device. Flat or chisel hoes are mounted in series on the frame. The hoes are fixed to the racks and placed in several rows. After the hoes the batteries of crumbler are hingedly mounted at one or two rows. The batteries of discs are installed at an angle of attack in pairs, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the unit. The batteries are made with the toothed disks. The discs teeth are made with single-sided sharpening. Behind the batteries of discs the sections of the rod rotor or a timber-leveler are mounted on traverses. The rear timber of the trapezoid frame consists of two parts symmetrically mounted at an angle. Each part of the frame rear timber determines the angle of attack of crumbler battery adjacent to it. The toothed disks are collected along a helix line on the twisted axis of the square section. The rate of the angle of twisting is a multiple of the number of disks in the battery and the number of teeth on the disc. The trailing device for building-block of the planters is made telescopic with the ability of a fixed change its length and tilting forward in the direction of movement of the unit. Each of a pair of leashes of the discs battery is made three-hinged and contains a front horizontal transverse hinge, combined with the longitudinal hinge and the vertical hinge bracket with a bearing unit on the rear end of the leash. The traverses of the rod rotors sections are made with the ability of their fixed longitudinal displacement and tilting forward in the direction of the unit. The axis of oscillation of the longitudinal traverse hinge is attached to the lower end of the reducer and its height is equal to the frame of the rotor section. The frame of the rotor is provided with a spring mechanism of additional loading of the rotor weight. The rod rotor is made with the constant width of the rolling radius and hevron placement of longitudinally twisted rods. The rods are made in the shape of an ellipse and mounted in the grooves of multipath disks deflected from the radius at the angle fold the number of the rods on the rotor. The flat or chisel hoes are fixed to the frame on the hollow racks consisting of two wedge-shaped elastic side panels with a system of holes. Between the side panels by threaded fasteners, a shoe with a chisel is mounted at the bottom, as well as a shear block, a piston-rod with an elastic reflector, safety (shear) bolt, and in the middle the thrust plate is placed with a stop bolt or an eccentric for adjusting the angle of entry in the hoe into the soil. At the top of the rack the are two holes for attaching it to the pylon of the frame.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to improve the quality of the soil tillage and reduce the metal and energy consumption, as well as expand the functionality of a universal combined tillage unit.

8 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined tillage machines, and can be used for basic tillage, for soil preparation for sowing various crops, for steaming, stubble cultivation, arable land cultivation.

Known combined tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels and mechanisms for adjusting them in height, sequentially installed disk batteries, flat-cutting working bodies, while the rear part of the frame is articulated with a drag-planner and ring-spur roller [SU, copyright certificate 1428395, class . A01B 49/02, 1988].

The disadvantages of the known unit are the uneven quality of soil treatment due to its displacement by the disk batteries in the transverse direction, due to the rigid fastening of the disk batteries to the frame of the unit, which leads to a deepening of flat-cutting tools, dynamic overloads and breakdowns of disk batteries, there are no crumbling rotary workers organs, there is a high specific metal and energy intensity.

Closest to the invention in technical essence is a combined tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels and a mechanism for adjusting them in height, disk batteries mounted on the frame in front of the plane-cutting working bodies by means of height-adjustable elastic struts, followed by the ledge of the inclined racks of plane-cutting legs , each of which is equipped with an elastic vibrator fuse. Behind the paws, at an angle to the direction of movement and symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the unit, in one or two rows, crumbling working bodies are articulated, in the form of batteries of tooth discs, followed by a leveling working body articulated with bent teeth, and a presser the working body, made in the form of sections of a bar roller, each of which is equipped with a mechanism for activating the mass of the roller due to the mass of the frame and racks with paws, while all batteries and sections of the working bodies have individual means fixing them to the frame and are formed as mirror images of each other [RU 2129351, 27.04.1999].

The disadvantages of the known unit are the complexity of the vibrator-safety mechanism of the racks of flat-cutting legs, the increased energy consumption of the unit due to the presence of disk batteries in front of the legs, the bending of the teeth of the leveling device due to the rigid attachment of each of them to the bearing beam, uneven soil tillage by the rotor rods from - due to the different sizes of the disks carrying them, incomplete copying of the soil topography by the tooth disks batteries and sections of the bar roller due to the lack of longitudinal joints in the traction elements max, the formation of a plow sole with flat-cutting paws due to the lack of ripping-protective elements in the zone of the toe of the paw and the lower part of the rack.

An object of the invention is to improve the quality of tillage and reduce metal and energy consumption, expand the functionality of a universal combined tillage unit.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the known universal tillage aggregate combined, containing a frame with support wheels, a mounted or towing device mounted on it sequentially plane-cutting or chisel paws, mounted on racks and placed in several rows, followed by articulated in one or two rows fixed batteries of the roller-crusher with tooth disks, behind which are mounted on the beam sections of the bar rotor or section of the equalizer bar with teeth bent in two planes while the disk batteries of the roller-crusher are mounted at an angle of attack in pairs, symmetrically relative to the axis of the unit, the teeth of the disks are made with one-sided sharpening, according to the invention, the rear beam of the trapezoidal shape consists of two parts symmetrically mounted at an angle, each of which determines the magnitude of the angle of attack adjacent with it the batteries of the roller-crusher with tooth disks assembled along a helical line on a twisted axis of square section, while the value of the twist angle is a multiple of the number of disks in the battery and h in the case of teeth on the disk, the hitch for aggregating the seeders is made telescopic with the possibility of a fixed change in its length and tilting forward along the unit, each of the pair of battery leads is tri-hinged and contains a front horizontal-transverse hinge combined with a longitudinal hinge and a vertical hinge bracket with a bearing node at the rear end of the leash, the traverse sections of the rod rotors are made with the possibility of their fixed longitudinal movement and tilt forward x to the unit, the swing axis of the traverse longitudinal hinge is mounted on the lower end of the reducer and in height coincides with the frame of the rotor section equipped with a spring mechanism for loading the rotor mass, and the rod rotor is made with a constant rolling radius and chevron placement of longitudinally twisted rods made in the form of ellipse and multi-beam disks fixed in the slots, deflected from the radius by an angle multiple of the number of rods on the rotor, plane-cutting or chisel paws mounted on a frame on hollow uprights consisting of two x wedge-shaped elastic sidewalls with a system of holes between which a shoe with a chisel, a cracker, a connecting rod with an elastic reflector, a safety (shear) bolt are fixed at the bottom with a threaded fastener, and in the middle part there is a spacer bar with a stop bolt or an eccentric to adjust the angle of entry of the paw into the soil, and at the top of the rack there are two holes for attaching it to the frame pylon. In addition, the plane-cutting paw has a small angle of crushing of 6-10 °, the optimum angle of the wings is 60-90 °, it is equipped with a flat back with a slot for fixing on the shoe, it has a pair of holes for bolts with a countersunk head, while the lower side of the blade is covered with wear-resistant material . The shoe has a drop-shaped streamlined stream with a thickness decreasing towards the rear edge or has a flat shape, is equipped with a support surface from the bottom with a tab for the paw, a frontal face inclined at an angle of 45-60 degrees to the vertical with a longitudinal groove and a system of holes for attaching the bit and is equipped with two holes and a crescent recess in its upper part. The reversible bit is made of double-sided quick-changeable, fixed on the front edge of the shoe by means of a rib with a system of holes for fasteners with the possibility of a fixed movement of the bit in height synchronously with the reflector, there are bevels at an angle of 30-45 ° below the ends of the bit, and wear-resistant ceramic reinforced above the bevels in the recesses plates, and the side zones of the frontal overlap of the shoe with the front face of the bit on each side are 1.0-2.0 mm. The reverse, elastic reflector is made along a radial curve, equipped with a system of holes for synchronous movement with a bit in height, and in the middle part along its length it is twisted by an angle of 10-15 ° to form an active blade.

The battery of the roller-crusher is equipped with tooth disks, each of which has a hub equipped with a square hole in the center, and needle teeth with one-sided sharpening are fixed along its perimeter with streamlined spokes, and the tooth blades are deflected back along the disk rotation, tangentially to a circle defining the nominal depth of tillage, while the teeth on the discs are bent from the plane of rotation of the hub at an angle of 30-45 ° or the tooth discs are combined, equipped with straight and bent ubyami.

The leveling bar has elastic teeth made in the form of a rod bent in two planes, having an annular spiral at the base, mounted on a frontally mounted rod, while the working end of the tooth is bent 45 ° ± 5 ° in the horizontal plane, the middle part is deflected along the unit 60 ° -45 °, and the interval between the teeth is 1.0-1.5 the length of the working part of the tooth. The safety (shear) bolt is equipped with a pair of radial annular grooves of a triangular section, the smallest of each of which coincides with the adjacent mating surfaces of the shoe and the sides of the paw racks to ensure the cleanliness of the cut.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 - diagram of the tillage unit universal combined, top view;

figure 2 is the same side view;

figure 3 - stand assembly with a paw, side view;

figure 4 is the same, view A;

figure 5 is the same, section aa;

figure 6 is the same, section bB;

Fig.7 is the same, section bb;

in Fig.8 - shoe;

figure 9 is a bit;

figure 10 is a battery of dental discs complete with a leash;

figure 11 is a battery of tooth discs, top view;

in Fig.12 - combined tooth disc;

in Fig.13 - a tooth disc;

on Fig - section of the rotor bar;

on Fig - traverse section of the rotor;

on Fig - trailing device for seeder (telescopic);

on Fig - beam equalizer.

The universal combined cultivating unit includes a trapezoidal frame 1 with support wheels 2 and their adjustment mechanisms 3, two auto-grips 4 and a vertical bracket 5 of the attachment 6, two or more rows of pylons 7, brackets 8 with shields 9 on the sides of the rear of the frame 1, telescopic a hitch 10 for seeders, and each of the rear beams of the frame is fixed at an angle of 80 ... 75 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the unit. On the lower side of the frame 1, by means of pylons 7, in two or more rows, plane-cutting or chisel paws 11 are mounted, mounted on hollow struts 12, each of which consists of two wedge-shaped elastic sidewalls 13, the upper part of which through holes 14 and 15, of the front bolt connection 16 and the eccentric bolt 17 or the front bolt connection 16 and the stop 18 is attached to the frame 1 with the possibility of its fixed angular movement relative to the bolt 16. Each flat-footed paw 11 is equipped with two blades 20, the lower side of which is covered and wear-resistant material such as tungsten carbide. Each paw 11 is equipped with a shoe 21 of a streamlined (teardrop-shaped) shape decreasing to a thickness or flat shape fixed to its back 22 with two bolted joints 23 with countersunk heads, while the rear edge of the back of the paw abuts against the protrusion 24 of the shoe, and its upper part attached to the bottom of the sidewalls 13 of the rack 12 by means of a cracker 25, a coupling bolt 26 and a shear bolt 27 provided with annular grooves 28, the radial section of each of which coincides, respectively, with the mating of the inner walls of the sidewalls 13 and the shoe 21. The front flat face of the shoe 21 has, along the axis of symmetry, a longitudinal slot 29 with transverse holes 30 for fasteners 31, for example in the form of cotter pins. In the slot 29, by means of the rib 32, the bit 33 is strengthened with the possibility of its fixed movement in height. The bit 33 consists of a housing 34 provided with bevels 35 at the ends, on the front face of which ceramic plates 36 are fixed, and a bottom 32, which is inserted into the slot 29 of the shoe 21, wherein the rib is equipped with a number of holes 30 for stepwise changing the reach of the end of the bit relative to the toe legs 11, with each rack 12 is equipped with a revolving elastic reflector 37 of vegetation and soil, which is made along a radial curve and is equipped with a number of holes 38 and 39 at both ends and a crescent-shaped recess in its upper part, with which the reflector with the possibility of a fixed displacement along the height is mounted on the connecting rod 40, and the connecting rod itself is pivotally mounted on a bolt 26 between the sides 13 of the rack 12, while the lower end of the reflector smoothly mates with the upper end of the bit 33. On the frame 1, reducers 41 are fixed in pairs, to which the transverse hinge 42 and the longitudinal pivot pin 43 are connected in pairs by the leads 44 of the batteries 45 and 46 of the tooth discs 47 and 48, at the rear end of which there are forks 49, in the holes of which the bosses 50 of the bearing assemblies 51 are pivotally mounted, which pairwise mounted on the axis 52 of twisted square cross-section. The battery stabilization mechanism includes two rods 53 with pressure springs 54 and two hinged crosses 55 installed in the eyes of 56 brackets 57 mounted on the rear beam of the frame 1.

The combined tooth disk 58 consists of a hub 59 with a square hole 60, straight 61 and bent teeth 62, fortified with equal angular intervals on the periphery of the hub 59. The tooth disk 64 includes a hub 59 with a square hole 60 in the center, teeth 62, fortified around its perimeter at an angle of 30-45 ° to the plane of rotation by means of spokes 63 of a streamlined shape that smoothly mate with trapezoidal tooth bases, while teeth 62 are deflected back along the rotation of the disk, and the cutting edge 64 of the tooth is tangential to the circle, def providing the nominal installation depth of the tooth stroke in the soil, and at the end of each tooth there is a bevel sharpened at an angle of 30 °, which ensures its self-sharpening.

The sections of the bar rotors 65 and 66 have the same design, are mounted on the rear beam of the frame 1 with eyes 67, equipped with two pairs of holes with fingers 68, in which the longitudinal beams of the traverses 69 and 70 are installed with the possibility of their fixed movement in the longitudinal direction, as well as the possibility of tipping them to the side of the frame around the front finger 68, each of the traverses 69 and 70 of the rotor sections 65 and 66 includes a longitudinal beam 71 with a number of holes at the front end, a reducer 72, on the lower end of which a plate 73 is frontally fixed with a limiter for the angle of swing of the rotor sections and a longitudinal finger 74 with a semi-frame 75 pivotally mounted on it, which is pivotally connected to the eyes 76 and 77 by two fingers and mounted on the frame 78 of the bar rotor, and the frame itself has a lever 79 in the central part, in the eye of which a rod 80 is pivotally fixed with a compression spring 81, which transfers the load from the mass of the gun to the section of the rod rotor by means of a stop 82 with a hinged crosspiece 83, in which the free end of the rod 80 with a limiter 84 is installed. Each rod rotor 65 and 66 by means of a frame 78, supported by bearing assemblies 85, in which the rotor axis 86 rotates freely, on which multipath disks 87 with grooves for rods 88 are fixed at equal intervals, one of the disks being fixed at the center of symmetry of the rotor, and the grooves are deviated from radius at an angle of 60-90 degrees and are located along a helix, while its approach on the left half of the rotor is made clockwise, and the approach on the right half is in the opposite direction, thus forming a chevron working periphery, with each bar 88 made in in and de stripes of elliptical shape, twisted at an angle of 20-30 degrees in the interval equal to one meter.

The triangular-shaped hitch 89 for aggregating the seeder is pivotally mounted on the rear beam of the frame 1, equipped with two brackets 90 spaced along the width of the frame and equipped with fasteners and a limiter against sagging, consists of side beams 91 with eyes 92 at their ends, plates 93, rigidly connecting the free ends of the beams 91 with the formation of the guide window 94, the size of which is determined by the cross section of the telescopic traction link 95 with a towbar 96, the flight of which along the gun changes by a fixed cem 97 of displacement, and the structural rigidity is provided by the spacer beam 98. Sections of the beam-equalizer 99 can be installed instead of sections of the bar rotor 66 and on the same supporting elements of the beam 69 and 70. The beam-equalizer consists of a bearing beam 100 with spring teeth 101 and eye 102 , half frames 75, pivotally mounted on the longitudinal finger 74 of the yoke 69 using threaded fasteners and a spring rod 80.

When the tillage unit moves across the field, plane-cutting legs 11 are introduced into the soil to a predetermined depth, which is provided by height-adjustable support wheels 2, while the legs loosen the soil layer, breaking it into fairly small fractions, and weed roots are cut. The operation process of a flat-cutting paw 11 with a small angle of crushing mounted on a thin streamlined shoe 21 is characterized by low traction resistance due to the fact that the soil is not thrown to the sides with the formation of ridges and deep furrows, but gradually leaves the working surfaces of the paw and shoe. A height-adjustable chisel 33, inclined in front of the toe of the paw and provided with ceramic plates 36, provides an advancing development of stresses in the soil formation when the soil begins to crumble even before it contacts the blade of the paw and thereby relieves its working elements from intense abrasion. The pivotally mounted elastic reflector 37, when interacting with the soil, receives intense vibrations and vibration, as a result of which the vegetation rises along the inclined surface of the bit, and then along the concave surface of the reflector and is reset, which ensures effective self-cleaning of the working body. When the rack 12 or paws 11 collide with an intractable obstacle, a safety (shear) bolt 27 is triggered, a feature of which is the cleanliness of the cut due to the presence of annular grooves 28 of the required diameter in the body of a sufficiently large bolt, without the squeezing of seats in the holes of the mating parts. The operation of the shear bolt is accompanied by the rotation of the shoe with a paw and a chisel relative to the cracker 25 in a horizontal position, while the reflector 37 remains in its original place. Replacing the bolt does not require much effort and time, because parts of the destroyed bolt do not have any burrs or deformed sections.

If an excessive lateral load on the paw occurs, the elastic sidewalls of the rack are unbent, and after overcoming the obstacles, the paw is returned to its original position. Disk batteries 45 and 46 of the roller-crusher have a complex trajectory of the teeth in space, as a result of which the formation and blocks are intensively crushed onto agrotechnically valuable soil aggregates, a compacted finely crumpled seed bed is formed due to simultaneous compression of the formation in the longitudinally-vertical plane and in the horizontal-transverse direction. In addition, leveling of the relief of the soil, combing of weeds to the surface with teeth of the discs is carried out. The presence of three hinges in the leashes 44 provides a floating mode of movement of the disk batteries along field irregularities and protect them from breakdowns.

Tooth disks 58 and 64, made with streamlined spokes 63 and coated with release material, protect them from sticking and clogging with moist soil and vegetation. The sections of rod rotors 66 perform the functions of finishing tillage by crumbling the lumps and clumps remaining for the batteries 45 and 46 of the tooth disks 58 and 64, additionally deform the weeds, and mulch the surface soil layer. The presence of two hinges in the design of traverses 69 and 70 provides complete copying of the soil topography by rotors and their protection against breakdowns. The chevron placement of the rods on the working periphery of the rotor provides directional stability of its movement due to balancing the lateral loads characteristic of rotors with screw placement of rods. The elliptical shape of the bars ensures the constancy of the radius of their rolling along the entire length of the rotor and the uniformity of the depth of their course in the soil layer.

A variant of the unit with sections of the equalizer bar 99, expands the scope of application of the unit, especially when dealing with root shoots and other weeds. Side flaps 9 prevent the formation of ridges at the junction of adjacent passages of the unit.

The presence of a combination of several working bodies with relevant characteristics and mutually reinforcing in one soil-cultivating unit provides a synergistic effect: the quality of soil cultivation is significantly increased and the material and energy consumption of the soil cultivation process are reduced, and the use of the unit together with a seeder enhances this effect and positively affects agricultural productivity crops and ecology.

Claims (8)

1. A universal combined cultivating unit containing a frame with support wheels, an attachment or a towing device mounted on it in series plane-cutting or chisel legs mounted on racks and placed in several rows, after which the roller-crusher batteries are pivotally mounted in one or two rows with tooth discs, behind which sections of the bar rotor or section of the equalizer bar with teeth bent in two planes are mounted on the traverses, while the disk batteries of the roller are comkodr the monastery is installed at an angle of attack in pairs, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the aggregate, the teeth of the disks are made with one-sided sharpening, characterized in that the rear beam of the trapezoidal frame consists of two parts symmetrically mounted at an angle, each of which determines the angle of attack of the adjacent roller roller crusher with tooth disks assembled along a helical line on a twisted axis of square section, while the value of the twist angle is a multiple of the number of disks in the battery and the number of teeth on the disk, a tow hitch in for aggregation of the seeders is made telescopic with the possibility of a fixed change in its length and tilting forward along the unit, each of the pair of battery leads is tri-hinged and contains a front horizontal-transverse hinge, combined with a longitudinal hinge and a vertical hinge bracket with a bearing assembly at the rear end of the leash, traverses of sections of rod rotors are made with the possibility of their fixed longitudinal movement and tilting forward along the unit, the axis of swing of the longitudinal the traverse arm is mounted on the lower end of the reducer and coincides in height with the frame of the rotor section equipped with a spring mechanism for loading the rotor mass, and the rod rotor is made with a constant rolling radius and chevron placement of longitudinally twisted rods made in the form of an ellipse and fixed in multipath grooves disks deviated from the radius by an angle that is a multiple of the number of rods on the rotor, plane-cutting or chisel paws are mounted on the frame on hollow racks, consisting of two wedge-shaped elastic sidewalls with a system holes, between which, with a threaded fastener, a shoe with a chisel, a cracker, a connecting rod with an elastic reflector, a safety (shear) bolt are fixed at the bottom, and in the middle part there is a spacer bar with a stop bolt or an eccentric for adjusting the angle of entry of the paws into the soil, and at the top The rack has two holes for attaching it to the frame pylon. 2. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane-cutting paw has a small angle of crushing of 6-10 °, the optimum angle of solution of the wings is 60-90 °, is equipped with a flat back with a socket for fixing on the shoe, has a pair of holes for bolts with a countersunk head while the bottom side of the blade is coated with wear-resistant material. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the shoe has a drop-shaped streamlined with decreasing thickness to the rear edge or has a flat shape, is equipped with a support surface from the bottom with a protrusion for the legs, the frontal face inclined at an angle of 45-60 ° to the vertical with a longitudinal groove and a system of holes for attaching the bit and is equipped with two holes and a crescent-shaped recess in its upper part. 4. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the revolving bit is made of quick-changeable double-sided, fixed on the front face of the shoe by means of a rib with a system of holes for fasteners with the possibility of a fixed movement of the bit in height synchronously with the reflector, there are bevels at the ends at an angle of 30 from the bottom -45 °, and wear-resistant ceramic plates are strengthened above the bevels in the recesses, and the side zones of the frontal overlap of the shoe with the front face of the bit on each side are 1.0-2.0 mm. 5. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the revolving, elastic reflector is made along a radial curve, equipped with a system of holes for synchronous movement with a chisel in height, moreover, in the middle part along its length, it is twisted by an angle of 10-15 ° to form an active blade . 6. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the roller-crusher battery is equipped with tooth discs, each of which has a hub equipped with a square hole in the center, and needle teeth with one-sided sharpening are fixed along its perimeter with streamlined spokes, the tooth blades are deflected back along the rotation of the disk, tangentially to the circle defining the nominal depth of tillage, while the teeth on the disks are bent from the plane of rotation of the hub by an angle of 30-45 ° or the tooth disks are combined equipped with straight and bent teeth. 7. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the leveling beam has elastic teeth made in the form of a rod curved in two planes, having a ring spiral at the base, mounted on a frontally mounted rod, while the working end of the tooth is bent in a horizontal plane on 45 ° ± 5 °, the middle part is deflected along the unit by 60-45 °, and the interval between the teeth is 1.0-1.5 of the length of the working part of the tooth. 8. The assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety (shear) bolt is equipped with a pair of radial annular grooves of a triangular section, the smallest cross-section of each of which coincides with the adjacent mating surfaces of the shoe and the sides of the leg legs to ensure clean cut.

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