RU2331481C1 - Cyclone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the devices intended for purification of sanitary and vent air emissions and smoke fumes resulted from finely dispersed solid and liquid phases and can be used in chemical, petroleum, metallurgical and other industrial branches, as well as in gas purification processes. The cyclone consists of a top vertical cylindrical casing with a tapered bottom and a cover, inlet branch pipe arranged tangentially at the casing top, an exhaust pipe arranged axisymmetric with a cylindrical case on the cover, a branch pipe to remove entrapped dust at the tapered bottom lower part. The exhaust pipe fastened to the dielectric material ring accommodates a tubular electrode moving vertically and linked to the shaking mechanism. An ioniser tube is arranged axisymmetric with the tubular precipitation electrode.

EFFECT: higher degree of entrapping fine fraction particles and drops.

1 dwg

Description

The proposed solution relates to devices for cleaning sanitary and ventilation air emissions and flue gases from fine solid and liquid fractions and can be used in chemical, petrochemical, metallurgical, engineering and other industries, in the construction industry, as well as in environmental gas cleaning processes.

A known design of a self-cleaning inertial electrostatic precipitator, in which at the same time in one working volume particles are removed under the action of centrifugal and electrostatic forces.

It consists of a cylindrical body, an axisymmetrically mounted corona electrode in the form of a wire, nozzles for supplying and discharging liquid, an inlet section for supplying and swirling a stream of contaminated gas, and a nozzle for discharging purified gas.

The fluid flow is supplied to the wall of the cylindrical body and flows down it in the form of a film. The centrifugal force provides the movement of particles from the gas being cleaned into the liquid film, and the electrostatic field formed near the corona electrode provides the generation of electrons and ions that charge the particles and increase their speed from the gas being cleaned into the liquid film (US Patent No. 4,380,089, B03C 3/36 publ. 06/14/83).

The reasons that impede the achievement of a given technical result include the insufficient degree of gas purification from particles or droplets of a finely dispersed fraction due to the collision of small and large particles with each other, since centrifugal and electrostatic cleaning processes occur simultaneously in the working volume of a cylindrical body between the corona electrode and body wall. In addition, the use of liquid leads to a complication of the design of the device, problems of removing trapped particles from this liquid, its cleaning and drying of the particles.

A known design of a cyclone comprising a housing consisting of a cylindrical and conical parts, and a purified gas outlet pipe located in its upper part and a peripheral gas flow inlet in the form of an inlet pipe, the axis of which is directed at an angle to the body axis and tangent to the surface of the outlet pipe. A screw-shaped cover is located on top of the cylindrical body, and a filter element is fixed at one end of the outlet pipe of the purified gas (RF patent No. 2256510, B04C 9/00, published on July 20, 2005).

The reasons that impede the achievement of a given technical result include the high hydraulic resistance of the filter element that traps particles of fine fractions. In addition, the operation of the cyclone is complicated due to problems in the regeneration of the material of the filter element.

The closest in technical essence and taken as a prototype is the design of the cyclone, consisting of a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom and a cover, an inlet pipe mounted tangentially in the upper part of the body, an exhaust pipe mounted axisymmetrically with a cylindrical body on the cover, and a pipe for removing the trapped dust in the lower part of the conical bottom (Kasatkin AG “Basic processes and apparatuses of chemical technology”. Publishing house 8, re., Moscow: Chemistry, 1971, 241 p.)

The reasons that impede the achievement of a given technical result include an insufficient degree of capture of fine particles and droplets in the purified gas.

The technical result of the claimed design of the cyclone is to increase the degree of capture of particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction due to the separation of large and medium particles in a centrifugal field, as in a conventional cyclone, and particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction in an electric field and separate collection of trapped fractions in the tank.

The technical result is achieved in that the cyclone consists of a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom and a cover, an inlet pipe mounted tangentially in the upper part of the body, an exhaust pipe mounted axisymmetrically with a cylindrical body on the cover, and a pipe for collecting dust in the lower part of the conical the bottom, while in the exhaust pipe mounted on a ring of dielectric material, a tubular precipitation electrode is installed with the possibility of free vertical eremescheniya attached to the shaking mechanism, and axially to the tubular collecting electrode installed corona electrode.

Fastening the exhaust pipe to a ring of dielectric material allows it to be electrically insulated from the cyclone body in order to reduce electric leakage and increase the safety of the cyclone.

The installation of a tubular sedimentation electrode inside the exhaust pipe with the possibility of free vertical movement prevents air leakage with thin particles or droplets between the walls of the exhaust pipe and the tubular precipitation electrode, and the attachment of the tubular precipitation electrode to the shaking mechanism allows it to oscillate and discharge the trapped particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction from the wall of this electrode. The axisymmetric installation in the tubular precipitation electrode of the corona electrode allows the creation of a corona discharge with the emission of electrons and their movement to the tubular precipitation electrode when applying high voltage to both electrodes.

A diagram of the proposed cyclone design is shown in the drawing.

It consists of a vertical cylindrical casing 1 with a conical bottom 2 and a cover 3, an inlet pipe 4 mounted tangentially in the upper part of the casing, an exhaust pipe 5 mounted axisymmetrically with a cylindrical casing 1 on the cover 3, and a pipe 6 for removing trapped dust of dispersed fractions in the bottom of the conical bottom 2. The exhaust pipe 5 is mounted on a ring 7 of dielectric material mounted on the cover 3. Inside the exhaust pipe 5 is installed a tubular precipitation electrode 8 with the possibility of vertical movements and attached by a rod 9 to the shaking mechanism (not indicated in the drawing). Axially symmetrically with a tubular precipitation electrode 8, a corona electrode 10 is installed.

The cyclone works as follows. A high voltage is applied to the tubular precipitation electrode 8 and the corona electrode 10, forming a corona discharge in the gap between these electrodes.

The inlet pipe 4 serves cleaned air or flue gas. Since the inlet pipe 4 is installed tangentially in the upper part of the vertical housing 1, the cleaned air swirls in the gap between the vertical cylindrical body 1 and the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 5. Under the action of centrifugal force, large and medium particles and droplets of dispersed fractions are thrown to the wall of the vertical cylindrical body 1 and fall down into the conical bottom 2 to the pipe 6 for removal of trapped dust.

The air or flue gas thus purified with particles or droplets of the finely dispersed fraction rises up between the wall of the tubular precipitation electrode 8 and the corona electrode 10. The electrons and ions of the gas stream generated in the corona discharge collide with the particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction, charge them and force them under by the action of an electric field to settle on a tubular precipitation electrode 8.

After the accumulation of trapped particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction on the tubular precipitation electrode 8 and large and medium particles and droplets of dispersed fractions in the conical bottom 2, the supply of cleaned air or flue gas to the inlet pipe 4 is stopped, the cover of the pipe 6 is opened, to remove the trapped dust, and removed particles of large and medium fractions trapped in a cylindrical body 1 and its conical part 2 in a separate container.

Then, a shaking mechanism is activated, which transmits the vibrations along the rod 9 to the tubular sedimentation electrode 8. Under the influence of these vibrations, the trapped particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction are discharged from the wall of the tubular precipitation electrode 8 into the conical bottom 2 to the dust collection pipe 6 and all trapped particles and the droplets of the finely dispersed fraction are removed from the conical bottom 2 into another container.

Thus, the proposed design of the cyclone allows you to increase the overall degree of purification due to the capture of particles and droplets of the finely dispersed fraction and, in addition, to collect separately captured particles of large and medium fractions in one container, and the trapped particles of finely dispersed fractions in another container.

Claims (1)

A cyclone consisting of a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom and a cover, an inlet pipe mounted tangentially in the upper part of the body, an exhaust pipe mounted axisymmetrically with a cylindrical body on the cover, and a pipe for collecting dust in the lower part of the conical bottom, characterized in that in the exhaust pipe mounted on a ring of dielectric material, a tubular precipitation electrode is installed with the possibility of vertical movement, attached to the shaking mechanism And axially to the tubular collecting electrode installed corona electrode.