RU2330165C2 - Internal combustion engine exhaust accelerator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: improved fuel combustion in the cylinders allows decreasing CO-content in exhaust gases. The proposed device incorporates a pressure nozzle, a mixing chamber, a diffuser arranged at the accelerator outlet and a cross-sectional flap. The device is produced from assembly units and parts that require no special tool sets or processes. It is readily produced from any materials meeting the requirements to automotive engine operation, e.g. stainless steel, duraluminium, heat-resistant plastics, composite materials, etc. Assembly is effected using standard fasteners.

EFFECT: reduced pressure at the internal combustion engine exhaust pipe outlet and higher engine output and efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to the automotive industry and can be used, in particular, in exhaust devices of internal combustion engines.

A device is known for cooling the engine with an intake air stream containing an accelerator (EPO patent N 0323039, class F01N 1/08, 1991).

The disadvantage of this device is a slight decrease in engine power and economy, which is due to the creation of additional resistance to the passage of the gas stream, in addition, the ejection of atmospheric air is used to cool the internal combustion engine and is not aimed at increasing the exhaust gas flow rate.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the “Accelerator of the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines with an ejector” (patent RU N 2059839 C1, CL F01N 1/08, F02B 27/04).

The exhaust gas accelerator of internal combustion engines with an ejector is designed for carburetor and diesel internal combustion engines. The device comprises a bell, a cone with flowing and secondary channels located on it, an ejector, a chamber for mixing exhaust gas and ejected air flows, and a Laval nozzle at the outlet of the accelerator. In the mixing chamber, a region of reduced pressure is created due to the gas flow around the cone, the top of which is oriented towards the exhaust gases.

The increase in pressure helps to accelerate the flow of exhaust gases, which leads to increased efficiency and engine power. In addition, due to more complete combustion of the fuel, the percentage of CO is reduced.

The disadvantage of this device is a slight increase in power and efficiency of the engine, which is due to the creation of additional resistance to the passage of gas flow due to the flow around the cone, in addition, air is sucked in, which reduces the exhaust velocity, and the ejected air has a low speed.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the “Accelerator of the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines” (French patent No. 2155062, IPC F01N 3/00, publ. 1973).

This device contains a pressure nozzle made in the form of a truncated cone, directed towards the flow of air flowing onto the car when it moves, a mixing chamber made in the form of a cylinder.

The known device is easy to manufacture, however, it does not provide a reduction in resistance to the flow of exhaust gases at the interface with the pressure nozzle and the separation of the mixing chamber with the pressure nozzle when the car is stationary, which leads to noise of its operation.

The technical result achieved by the proposed device is to increase the efficiency and power of the internal combustion engine.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the accelerator of the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines containing a pressure nozzle in communication with the atmosphere, connected to the exhaust system of the car through a mixing chamber located between the diffuser and the exhaust system of the car, the pressure nozzle is made in the form of a truncated cone directed towards the flow of air running onto the car while it is moving, it has a profile damper to avoid exhaust exhaust from the pressure nozzle when In the car, the mixing chamber is made in the form of a cylinder, has a local expansion, in order to avoid reducing the flow area of the exhaust system of the car, at the attachment point with a pressure nozzle, as well as the fact that the diffuser is connected on one side to the mixing chamber and on the other to the atmosphere made in the form of a truncated cone.

The possibility of achieving the desired result is proved by the following.

From the theory of internal combustion engines (see, for example, “Internal Combustion Engines. Theory of Piston and Combined Engines,” edited by A.S. Orlin, M.G. Kruglov. Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1983) it is known that the power and economic characteristics a large influence is exerted by the completeness of the filling of the cylinder η _V , which depends on the pressure P _r at the outlet of the exhaust system. The lower the pressure P _r , the greater the completeness of filling η _V and the lower specific fuel consumption q _e :

where ε is the compression ratio in the cylinders;

T _VP , ΔТ - temperature of the mixture at the inlet and temperature increase during combustion;

φ is the degree of volume reduction;

P _a - atmospheric pressure;

P _VP - pressure at the inlet.

The pressure reduction P _r can be achieved if the exhaust gases are passed through a device in which their speed increases due to their entrainment by the flow of passing air flowing from the discharge nozzle.

The required technical result is achieved by the entire newly introduced set of features, which are not found in the known literature.

This device allows you to increase the speed of the exhaust gases due to their entrainment by the flow of air passing from the pressure nozzle, which leads to a decrease in pressure in the exhaust pipe in front of the mixing chamber, to increase the completeness of filling of the cylinders, and, as a result, to increase engine power and efficiency. In addition, due to more complete combustion of the fuel, the percentage of CO is reduced.

Common features of the prototype and the proposed device are: a pressure nozzle made in the form of a truncated cone directed towards the flow of air rushing onto the car during its movement, as well as a mixing chamber made in the form of a cylinder.

A distinctive feature is that the device contains: a diffuser made in the form of a truncated cone and connected on the one hand to the mixing chamber and, on the other hand, to the atmosphere, a pressure nozzle having a profile damper, and the mixing chamber has an expansion at the interface with the pressure nozzle .

Figure 1 (side view) shows the design of the accelerator of the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines.

Figure 2 (side view) shows the General layout of the device on the example of a car.

The accelerator of the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines (Fig. 1) contains: a pressure nozzle 1, a mixing chamber 2, a diffuser 3, a profile damper 4.

The pressure nozzle 1 is made in the form of a truncated cone, with a small narrowing angle in the direction of the air flow outlet, has a profile damper 4 in order to avoid exhaust exhaust from the pressure nozzle when the car is stopped. The output edge of the pressure nozzle 1 has a cylindrical shape and is connected to the mixing chamber 2.

The mixing chamber 2 is made in the form of a cylinder, on the one hand it is connected to the exhaust system of the car, and on the other hand, to the diffuser 3, it has local expansion at the interface with the pressure nozzle 1.

The diffuser 3 is made in the form of a truncated cone with a small angle of expansion, on the one hand connected to the mixing chamber, and on the other, with the atmosphere.

Profile shutter 4 is made in the form of a plate, is fixed in the pressure nozzle 1, has a diameter equal to the pressure nozzle 1 at the attachment point.

The device operates as follows.

When the car moves at a certain speed, an oncoming air stream is created in the pressure nozzle, which deflects the profile damper, accelerates to the attachment point of the pressure nozzle to the mixing chamber due to the narrowing of the pressure nozzle. Exhaust gases are fed into the mixing chamber, flowing around the outlet edge of the pressure nozzle. When the air pressure enters the mixing chamber at a speed exceeding the exhaust gas flow rate, the exhaust gases are entrained by air into the mixing chamber, realizing a decrease in pressure P _r at the outlet of the exhaust system, and since the amount of ejected air is greater than the amount of ejected exhaust gases, then in this way it is the principle of ejection (see, for example, "Heat Engineering" edited by V.N. Lukanin, M.G. Shatrov, G.M. Camfer and others. M .: Higher School, 2002).

The reduced pressure is maintained by the air flow during further movement of the car at a certain speed.

The magnitude of the expansion of the diffuser, the narrowing of the pressure nozzle, the base area of the pressure nozzle and the diameters are selected experimentally for the driving conditions and speed characteristics of each car.

Claims (1)

An accelerator of the exhaust gas flow of internal combustion engines containing a pressure nozzle made in the form of a truncated cone directed towards the air flow running onto the car during its movement, a mixing chamber made in the form of a cylinder, characterized in that it contains a diffuser made in the form of a truncated cone connected to the mixing chamber on the one hand and to the atmosphere on the other, the pressure nozzle has a profile shutter, and the mixing chamber has an expansion at the interface with the pressure nozzle.

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