RU2321675C2 - Method and apparatus for electroplating objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: method and apparatus for thermal electroplating of objects, namely metallic objects.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes overhead rail carrying suspension members for suspending treated objects; drive unit for moving suspension members along overhead rail. Fluxing bath and electroplating bath are arranged along overhead rail. In order to improve system for working objects, at least one shot blasting device is mounted along overhead rail for applying protection material and for preliminary working. Said device is used for directing one or more particle flows towards object moving along them for removing at least surface layer of object. Method comprises steps of fastening object on overhead rail; moving objects along overhead rail and simultaneously performing stages of preliminary working of object; placing worked object in fluxing bath; placing object in zinc plating bath. Preliminary working stage comprises steps of shot blasting of object by means of particles for removing at least surface layer without using chemical baths.

EFFECT: improved apparatus for working objects by applying protection material.

36 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for galvanizing objects, in particular galvanizing metal objects.

State of the art

Many technologies are known for protecting steel structures from corrosion. One known technique involves melt-dip galvanization, during which a thin layer of zinc is applied to the surface of an object. The applied zinc layer provides cathodic protection of the object, that is, zinc is consumed during corrosion and, thus, the metal located underneath is protected. Zinc corrosion products also fill in possible damage, such as scratches and the like, which provides additional protection.

Zinc can be applied to the object electrochemically using a method known as electrolytic galvanization. In addition, zinc can be applied to a metal object by spraying zinc onto the surface of the object using a spray gun (spraying zinc), after grinding zinc in a drum (sherardization), or by applying zinc to the object in the form of a paint (called zinc dust or cold galvanization). Another method of applying zinc to a metal is thermal galvanization, in which the treated object is immersed in liquid zinc, which is in a zinc bath at a temperature of 445 ° C to 465 ° C.

During thermal galvanization, the treated object is subjected to pre-treatment, in which dirt, oils and grease residues are removed from the surface of the object. During pretreatment, the object is then immersed in a bath with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution and etched in it to remove rust and roll scale. This is followed by a flux treatment, in which the object to be treated is placed in a bath with a flux, for example, zinc-ammonium chloride, in order to later obtain good adhesion of zinc to steel. If the flux is first applied and then dried, this method is known as dry galvanization. With wet galvanization, the flux is distributed over the surface of the zinc bath and steel is passed through it. After processing, a composition of zinc / iron alloy layers forms on the surface of the steel. After such preliminary processing, the object is immersed in a zinc bath for several minutes in accordance with the known method, where liquid zinc is connected to steel over its entire surface and therefore also inside possible hollow structures of the object. During immersion, many (gamma, delta, and this) layers of the alloy are formed as a result of the reaction of zinc with the metal, while a layer of pure zinc is formed when the object is removed from the zinc bath.

Known methods have many disadvantages. Firstly, the use of chemical baths, such as hydrochloric acid baths, as a pretreatment of steel has a negative impact on the environment. In addition, the need for the supply of hydrochloric acid and the release of (contaminated) hydrochloric acid is associated with significant costs.

The known method also includes many time-consuming and relatively expensive steps, such as placing steel in degreasing baths, pickling baths and, possibly, zinc removal baths in the case of the restoration of previously galvanized steel. Hydrochloric acid, in addition, only removes roll scale from the object, while other impurities remain on the surface of the object. As a result, additional processing steps are required.

Another disadvantage of the known method and device is the use of hydrochloric acid, as a result of which increases the brittleness of the treated metal. Subsequent galvanization of brittle metal leads to a less smooth surface, which negatively affects the appearance of the product after galvanization.

From US Pat. No. 5,666,714, a method for galvanizing steel components is known. The components are first shot blasted and then molded and / or welded to form an object. The resulting molded and / or welded object is subjected, inter alia, to flux treatment and galvanization treatment. The disadvantage of this method is that already manufactured and / or previously used objects must first be disassembled into separate parts to enable pretreatment of components.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages and providing an improved method, system and device for processing objects with the application of protective material.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a preferred device with which it is possible to pretreat galvanized objects.

In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for thermally galvanizing objects, in particular metal objects, comprising the following steps:

- pre-processing of the processed object, including the removal of the surface layer of the object;

- placing the pre-treated object in a bath with a flux to process the object with a flux;

- placing the object treated with flux in a zinc bath to conduct the reaction of the material of the object with zinc and applying a layer of zinc coating on the object, in which the preliminary processing step comprises blasting the object with particles to remove at least the surface layer. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, the pretreatment steps used, if necessary, to remove zinc coating residues, degreasing, hydrochloric acid treatment and rinsing with water and the like, can thus be replaced with one step, i.e. a shot peening step. In this case, not only roll scale is removed from the surface of the object, but it is also possible, if necessary, to remove many layers of the material of the object, such as a silicon layer. This allows you to get a cleaner surface of the object, the galvanization of which requires less zinc. An object treated in this way is subsequently more suitable for coating it. The appearance of the object after bead-blasting and after galvanization carried out in this way also turns out to be more attractive.

The method in accordance with the present invention, in addition, can be directly applied to coat previously manufactured objects and / or even objects already in use. Such objects can be processed directly without additional steps, such as disassembly steps, etc.

It has been determined that particles or grains with an average diameter of 0.25 to 1.6 mm, made of low carbon steel, are particularly suitable for shot blasting of objects. The particles have a low carbon content, preferably less than 18 wt.%, Because with a high carbon content, an excessively thick zinc layer is applied to the object and the degree of formation of solid zinc is increased. Preferably a mixture is used consisting essentially of 40% of particles with an average size of 0.6-1.0 mm and 60% of particles with an average size of 0.8-1.3 mm. This allows you to ensure the optimal ratio between impact strength, minimum particle flow rate and maximum effect. During processing, a significant rebound / rebound effect also occurs, which increases the efficiency of shot peening, and in particular, processing with respect to hard-to-reach parts of an object.

Preferably, between the shot-blasting step and the flux-treating step, the object is blown for air cleaning and / or washed by spraying a liquid. The liquid is water, to which chemical additives are preferably added to improve the object of washing with the liquid.

After the galvanization step, air is sent to the object to blow off zinc droplets from the object back into the zinc bath.

It is considered known to immerse the object for processing in the bath, followed by its immovable retention in the bath for several minutes and then removing it from the bath. After this comes the turn of the next object. However, in accordance with another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aforementioned step of placing an object in at least one bath comprises moving the object through the bath. This means that it is possible to provide continuous or essentially without interruption of the movement of objects one after another through the bath. This approach not only allows the use of a device in accordance with an aspect of the present invention, which will be described below, but also affects the chemical processes occurring during galvanization. The placement or immersion of objects in the bath adversely affects the ongoing chemical processes. When moving objects through the bath, less ash residues are formed and, in particular, less vapor. In addition, there is less likelihood of unwanted formation of solid iron / zinc crystals.

The object is preferably moved through the bath at an almost constant speed to obtain uniform and as constant a constant galvanization of the object.

In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for shot peening of objects, in particular metal objects, comprising:

- a housing containing at least an inlet and an outlet for supplying objects for shot blasting and, accordingly, leaving them;

- a means of movement designed to move objects for shot blasting along the path through the housing from the inlet to the outlet;

- bead-blasting devices located on both sides along the path inside the body and oriented differently with respect to the body, and which direct particle flows to the object along a set of specified processing angles to remove the surface layer of the object, essentially, from its entire surface. Shot blasting devices therefore direct particles simultaneously at least to the front and back of the object, at different angles, so that the particles hit the entire surface of the object. In the most recommended embodiment at the moment, eight shot blasting devices are installed and directed so that the processing of all the machined parts of the object is ensured.

The system may comprise means for drying objects, means for cooling objects, and / or means for polishing objects.

Preferably, between the shot blasting means and the flux bath, a cleaning means is provided for blowing objects to clean them with air and / or removing material residues from the object using liquid, while there is a collection means for collecting a mixture of material and air residues and / or liquids, a means for separating residual material and means for supplying air and / or liquid back to the cleaning means.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transport means comprises:

- a suspension rail running along a path,

- one or more suspension elements that can be mounted on a rail and on which movable objects can be suspended;

- drive means for moving suspension elements along the rail;

- the first guide element mounted on the first side along the travel path;

- a second guide element mounted on the opposite side along the travel path,

in which the mutual distance between the first and second guide elements is adjusted in accordance with the size of the object. The specified distance between the rails is adjusted so that it is a maximum of 30 cm, preferably a maximum of 10 cm more than the corresponding size of the object.

In particular, in a preferred embodiment, the suspension element is in contact with the upper side of the object, and the guide elements are set so that they limit lateral movement of the lower side of the object. The guiding means ensures the correct vertical orientation of the objects in spite of the considerable forces exerted on the objects by the shot blasting devices, as a result of which the objects could shift to an inclined position. This ensures uniform removal of the surface layer of objects. The use of a beam (preferably in the form of a suspension rail) along which objects are continuously moved during the processing process (galvanization process), in addition, allows for a complete or at least a greater degree of automation of the process. This allows you to achieve better management of the various stages of the process and provide the opportunity to use fewer personnel.

In another preferred embodiment, a device is used for shot blasting of objects with various sizes and shapes. This embodiment allows you to set the guide elements at different distances between them, depending on the size of the object. In the case of relatively large objects or objects with protruding parts, a large distance between the guide elements is used, while in the case of relatively small objects, the distance between the guide elements can be small.

In another preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the inlet and outlet can be adjusted. In the case of large objects, it is necessary to use relatively large holes, while relatively small holes will be sufficient for small objects. The possibility of obtaining larger and smaller holes is provided by installing on the body of a plurality of doors that are movable relative to each other. The inlet is formed, for example, of two sliding doors between which an opening is formed. The hole is selected so large that the corresponding object can closely pass through it into the housing or exit the housing. This limits the number of steel particles flying out of the casing during shot blasting, which improves the processing of the object. Particles flying out of the casing (shot blasting chambers) can enter the flux bath or the zinc bath, which negatively affects the flux treatment process or the galvanization process.

The system may comprise a plurality, preferably four, shot blasting apparatuses mounted on one side of the track, and a plurality, preferably four, shot blasting apparatuses mounted on the opposite side of the track.

A further preferred embodiment comprises first detecting means installed next to the inlet, with which the sizes of the next object for shot blasting can be determined, and also control means that is connected to the detection means and with which it is possible to set the size of the inlet and outlet depending on the specific size of the object. Thus, automatic adjustment of the inlet and / or outlet sizes can be realized.

Another preferred embodiment comprises second detection means for detecting the presence of an object suspended on the suspension elements, together with a control means for controlling the suspension rail drive means and at least the shot blasting devices to interrupt the suspension element drive and the shot blasting device processing with a given time delay. When, for example, one or more detectors determine that there are no more objects to be processed on the supplied suspension elements, the control means can determine the moment when the shot blasting process should be completed, taking into account the known speed of movement of the suspension elements. In addition, it is also possible to determine the moment of complete processing of the last object. At this point, the suspension rail drive also stops.

In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for thermally galvanizing objects, in particular metal objects, comprising a suspension rail with suspension elements mounted on it, on which one or more machined objects can be suspended, and also drive means for moving suspension elements along a suspension rail, in which at least the following are installed along the suspension rail: shot blasting devices for guiding about Nogo or several particle flows on the object transferred along them, with the aim of removing at least the surface layer of the object; a flux treatment bath intended for flux treatment of an object moving through the bath; and a galvanization bath designed to thermally galvanize an object moving through the bath. Shot blasting of objects used instead of the stages of degreasing, hydrochloric acid treatment and washing with water provides the above advantages. In addition, the suspension rail along which objects are continuously moving during the galvanization process allows the automation of the galvanization process to be fully or at least substantially automated. This allows for better management of the various stages of the process, resulting in the need to use up to 80% less staff.

According to a preferred embodiment, the suspension rail comprises at least one lowering section and at least one lifting section, intended for the corresponding movement of objects down into the bath and up from the bath. As a result, it becomes possible, essentially constant processing of objects in the bath processing flux and / or in a zinc bath using a relatively simple design.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the suspension element preferably comprises the aforementioned suspension element, which is made of an alloy such that zinc absorption or adhesion of the zinc does not substantially occur on the surface of the element. Otherwise, when the suspension element passes through the zinc bath, zinc could remain on the surface of the suspension element. When processing the next object, this could lead to explosions, in particular during the shot blasting of this object, which could constitute a danger to personnel and damage the mechanisms. An explosion can occur in the system when zinc residues are mixed with steel grains having a different composition (containing different metals).

Other advantages, properties and details of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments thereof.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In the description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 schematically shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

Figures 2a and 2b schematically show side views of a preferred embodiment of Figure 1;

Figure 3 schematically shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a shot blasting chamber in accordance with the present invention;

Figure 4 shows in more detail a partial cutaway perspective view of a shot blasting chamber of Figure 3; and

The figure 5 shows a perspective view with other cutouts, which further shows the guides of objects.

The implementation of the invention

In figures 1 and 2 presents a preferred embodiment of a galvanization device 1 in accordance with the present invention. Galvanization objects V, such as, for example, steel sections, are fed and secured in the initial position on the transportation system. The transportation system is a suspension rail system and, in the embodiment shown, comprises chain box rails 2 along which, using rollers 21 (FIG. 2a), a plurality of (for example, approximately 100) suspension elements 22 can be moved with a distance between them of approximately 60 cm Such a chain box rails system is obviously a conventional type system and will not be described in detail here. Other transportation systems may also be provided.

Suspension elements 22 are moved by an actuator 8 connected to an electric motor 9 of the actuator. The transportation system 2 contains two tension elements 10 and 11, designed to create a constant predetermined tension in the system.

Once the objects for treating V will be mounted on the suspension elements 22 at starting point B (arrow P _1), for example by suspension in which the objects on hooks, the suspension elements are moved in the direction of arrow P _2.

The raw object V is first shot blasted in the shot blasting chamber 3. Objects are processed in a shot blasting chamber using a plurality of shot blasting devices installed at a given angle. Here, not only the angle of processing of objects is important, but also the diameter of the grains and the material of the grains. It was determined that the optimal removal of the surface layer from the object can be achieved by using steel grains or steel particles with a different shape, with a particle thickness of 0.25 mm to 1.6 mm, and preferably with a ratio of 40% of particles with a size of 0.6- 1.0 mm and 60% of particles with a size of 0.8-1.3 mm. The good chemical composition of the steel particles is, for example, 0.14-0.18% C, 0.65-0.85% Si and 0.35-0.55% Mn. With this treatment, it is possible to ensure that only roll scale is removed from the surface of the object. In this case, the term surface layer should be understood as meaning only the roll scale of the corresponding object. However, if required, a larger number of layers can be removed from the surface of the object, except for the roll scale layer. It is possible, for example, to remove an unwanted unevenness of an object so that it acquires a more smooth and more attractive appearance.

As a result of shot blasting of an object carried out in the aforementioned manner, it becomes clean to such an extent that it is possible to immediately process it with flux without the need for additional operations. The term “flux” treatment refers to the placement of an object in a flux bath that is filled, for example, with ammonium zinc chloride. The flux agent must be substantially smokeless, i.e. proportionally low concentrations of ammonium chloride must be used, preferably at the level of about 10% NH ₄ Cl (and about 90% ZnCl ₂ ). Zinc ammonium chloride forms a thin layer on the surface of the object, which during the subsequent galvanization process improves the connection of zinc with the material of the object. Figure 2a shows that flux treatment occurs by moving an object hanging on the suspension element 22 through the flux treatment bath 4.

In another preferred embodiment, not shown in the drawings, immediately after bead-blasting and therefore before flux treatment, the object is cleaned mainly by blowing its entire surface with air and / or followed by washing the object by spraying water on it, adding her, if necessary, chemical additives. Chemical additives are added to improve the flushing with water of the remaining dust, consisting mainly of dust generated by shot blasting.

Water spray cleaning is carried out by installing a plurality of spraying plants along a conveyor path that removes iron residues generated by shot blasting. A mixture of water (optionally with additives) and iron residues is then collected and the iron is removed using a magnetic filter. The water is then reused for cleaning by spraying water. Due to this reuse, iron residues do not enter the environment. In addition, iron residues do not enter the flux bath and / or the zinc bath (which will be described below), so that more frequent bath changes are not required. These aspects are additional environmental features of the present invention.

After drying the flux layer, for example, when moving an object along the drying unit 5, the object is sent through a zinc bath 6 (Figure 2a), which is filled with zinc, at a temperature of approximately 453 ° C. It was determined that at this temperature and speed of transportation through the zinc bath of the order of 50-250 cm per minute, and preferably 80 cm per minute, the optimal chemical connection of liquid zinc with the material of the object is ensured.

The zinc layer thus formed has a complex structure. In addition to a layer of pure zinc, many layers of zinc alloy with iron are also formed on the surface, with a different ratio between zinc and the material of the object. The total thickness of these layers varies from 50 to 150 micrometers.

After the galvanized objects exit, a stream of compressed air is directed at them. This can be achieved, for example, by installing a perforated structure next to the conveyor path and by supplying air under high pressure through the perforated holes. Droplets of zinc, which may still be present on the surface of the object, are blown away from the object. This is important if the tolerances of the dimensions of the object are critical, for example, when controlling the fit of the object. Blown zinc droplets are collected and sent back to the zinc bath, thereby saving excessively consumed zinc, and therefore less zinc is consumed during galvanization.

After the galvanization treatment, the objects are cooled in a heat exchanger with a medium, for example from ambient air, or in a heat exchanger using (optionally) a cooling system. In the illustrated embodiment, the cooling system comprises a cooling bath 7 through which objects can be moved.

The objects are cooled from a temperature of approximately 453 ° C to a temperature of approximately 85 ° C. If one or more heat exchangers are used, a temperature of approximately 80 ° C. can be obtained. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, cooling is performed in a cooling bath. Separately or in conjunction with this cooling bath, a polishing bath can be installed in which the surfaces of the galvanized object are brightened to obtain the surface of the object with a bright appearance. The combined cooling / polishing device is preferably a Karisol 2508 device supplied by Dipl. Ing. Herwig GmbH. Such a polishing device has good cooling properties, and at the same time it also prevents the formation of so-called white rust and allows you to get an attractive, well-polished product. After cooling and, if necessary, polishing, the corresponding object is transported until it reaches the end point E. At this point, the object can be removed from the corresponding suspension element 22 and fed to the output (P ₃ ) of the process. Since the temperature of the object is approximately 85 ° C or less, workers can pack processed objects immediately and without any problems.

Figures 2a and 2b show a side view of a part of the device. In the present embodiment, shot blasting and fluxing immediately occur one after another, in contrast to the variant shown in figure 1. However, this does not correspond to the description of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2a, objects V are shot blasted using a plurality of shot blasting elements or shot blasting devices 24 that are set so that all corners and holes in the objects can be shot blasted. Therefore, shot blasting is provided not only outside, but also inside the structure of the object, to the extent that it is possible to provide outside access to at least this internal structure.

In figures 1 and 2 it can be seen that the rail system 21 of the transport system 2 contains sections of the rise and fall in many positions. At the starting point (B), where the objects are fixed to the suspension system, the height of the rail 21 above the floor is approximately 2.3 m. At the position of the portion 26 of the rail 20, the height rises from about 2.3 m to about 3 m, with shot blasting surface objects occurs at that height. In section 27, then an additional rise occurs from a height of 3 m to a height of approximately 5.3 m. At the installation site of the flux treatment bath 4, a first descent is located (section 28), due to which objects gradually enter the flux treatment bath 4. In section 29, horizontal movement occurs, while in section 30, rise again occurs to gradually raise objects from the flux treatment bath 4. After drying in the dryer 5, descent, horizontal movement and lifting are again performed in the respective sections 31, 32 and 33, so that the corresponding object gradually passes through the galvanization bath 6. Similarly perform the descent, horizontal movement and lifting of objects in sections 33, 34 and 35 of the rails 20 for cooling and, if necessary, to give the object brightness. Finally, in section 36, a descent from a height of approximately 5.3 m to 3.0 m occurs, so that at the end point, objects can be substantially easily removed from the corresponding suspension element 22 (arrow P ₃ ).

The system’s working cycle time, that is, the time period from fixing the object to be processed on the suspension element to removing the processed object from the suspension element, is approximately 1.5 hours in the presented embodiment, while the productivity is from about 3000 to 3750 kg per hour .

Figure 3 shows a preferred embodiment of a shot blasting chamber. The shot blasting chamber is constructed in the form of a housing 38 in which an inlet 39 and an outlet 40 are formed. Objects V can be fed in through the inlet and output through the outlet. To ensure the smallest possible emission of steel particles outward from the housing, the shape of the inlet and outlet can be adapted to the shape of the objects being processed at the moment. In the case of processing volumetric objects, the inlet and outlet openings are increased, for example, to a width of W 60 cm, while when using objects of smaller sizes, the opening can be set smaller, for example, with a width W of approximately 20 cm.

In the present embodiment, a plurality of detectors 41 are installed that determine the presence or absence of object V on the suspension element 22. Depending on the determination of the presence of an object, the central control panel (not shown) of the device allows controlling the movement of the suspension elements 22 and / or the operation of the shot blasting chamber 3. Also, depending on the detection results, it is possible to control other elements of the system, that is, among other things, the flux treatment bath 8 and the galvanization bath (not shown). This allows for (fully) automatic galvanization of objects.

In another embodiment, a plurality of detectors 42 are installed, with which you can determine the size of the object entering the shot blasting chamber 3 at a given time. In this case, the gap W can be adjusted depending on the size of the object, for example, by moving the sliding doors 51 and 52 relative to each other.

In figures 4 and 5, the shot blasting apparatus is shown in more detail. The suspension element 55 consists of a plurality of rollers 56 and the frame 64. The object V is suspended on the frame 64. The suspension element 55 is moved by the rollers 56 along the guide 63. To hold the object in an upright position when the shot blasting apparatus 60 directs the flow of grains with great force objects installed upper and lower guides. In the upper part, the guide consists of a beam 65, which can be installed in the slots of the component 77 of the shot blasting chamber. The slot is dimensioned so that the beam 65 can move in it in the longitudinal direction. As a result, excessive lateral displacement is prevented. The direction in the lower part of the object V consists of the first guide rail 83 and the second guide rail 84, while the second guide rail runs parallel to the first guide rail and forms a mutual gap G. During transportation along the path through the camera, the lower part of the object V is installed between two guide rails 73 and 74. The distance G is chosen somewhat larger than the corresponding dimension of the object (in the presented embodiment, the depth of the object V). The distance G is usually chosen so that it is a maximum of 10 cm larger than the corresponding size of the object, so that the object V can move in the transverse direction only a few centimeters (in the transverse direction P ₂ ) under the influence of impacts of steel particles used for shot peening .

The mutual clearance G between the guide rails 73 and 74 can be adjusted to the dimensions of the object V. The guide rails 73, 74 are mounted on the holders 75 for this purpose. The holders 75 contain a large number of holes 76, with which the guide rails 73, 74 can be firmly screwed.

In another preferred embodiment, the degree of shot blasting and / or the speed of movement can be controlled. Depending on the degree of rust formation on the treated objects, the degree of shot peening (the number of particles per unit time, shot peening angles, the force with which the particles hit the surface of objects, etc.) can be changed taking into account the speed of movement of the transportation system. This can be accomplished, for example, by using a frequency control mechanism.

The suspension elements, in addition, must allow fully automatically change position during movement along the transportation system, resulting in improved quality of the zinc layer and the speed of movement remains high. The position of the hooks of the suspension is regulated depending on the process that the object passes in a given position and at a given moment in the transportation system. The position of the suspension hooks (length approximately 60 cm) is adjusted by setting automatic rotation points in the correct position on the transportation system, which allow the position of the suspension hooks to be changed as they move along them.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is not shown in the drawings, another type of conveyor is used. On such a conveyor, the galvanized objects, after a substantial horizontal movement along the conveyor, are moved down, essentially vertically, into the flux treatment bath, the galvanization bath or the cooling bath. After a given time, the objects are again moved essentially vertically upwards, after which a significant horizontal displacement of the object continues. This embodiment has the advantage that in this case a lower conveyor height is required than in the case of the conveyor described above. The use of the conveyor in accordance with this embodiment additionally means the possibility of using various bathtubs with a shorter length, since it is not necessary to take into account the horizontal displacement of the object when immersing it in the corresponding bathtub. The performance of the system can thus be increased to approximately 5500 kg of processed material per hour.

The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above; moreover, the protected rights are determined by the following claims, within the scope of which many modifications can be provided.

Claims (36)

1. A system for thermal galvanization of manufactured and / or previously used objects, in particular metal objects, containing a suspension rail (2) with suspension elements (22) mounted on it, on which one or more processed objects can be suspended, means (8, 9) a drive designed to move the suspension elements along the suspension rail, in which at least a flux treatment bath (4) is installed along the suspension rail, designed to process the flux of an object moving through nnu, galvanization bath (6) intended for thermal galvanizing an object moving through a bath, characterized in that for pretreatment along the suspension rail one or more shot blasting devices (24) are installed, designed to direct one or more particle flows in the direction of the object moved along them in order to remove at least the surface layer of the object. 2. The system according to claim 1, in which the device (24) shot blasting are located so that they process the object under a variety of predetermined processing angles. 3. The system according to claim 1, in which the device (24) shot blasting is made so that they direct the flow of particles with an average particle size of from 0.25 to 1.6 mm 4. The system according to claim 1, comprising a plurality, preferably four, shot blasting devices (24) located on one side of the suspension rail, and a plurality, preferably four, shot blasting devices (24) located on the other side of the suspension rail (2) . 5. The system according to claim 1, in which approximately 40% of the particles have an average size of 0.6-1.0 mm, and 60% of the particles have an average size of 0.8-1.3 mm. 6. The system according to claim 1, in which the particles are made of steel with a low carbon content, preferably less than 0.18 wt.%. 7. The system according to claim 1, in which the productivity during processing varies from approximately 3000 to 3750 kg per hour. 8. The system according to claim 1, in which the device (24) shot blasting are located in the housing (3), the dimensions of the inlet and outlet openings of which are regulated depending on the shape and size of the objects moved through the housing. 9. The system according to claim 1, in which the suspension rail (2) contains at least one section of the descent and at least one section of the rise for the corresponding movement of objects down into the bath and up from the bath. 10. The system according to claim 1, containing detection means (41) for detecting an object suspended on one of the suspension elements (22), in addition to a control means for controlling the suspension rail drive means and at least the devices shot blasting to stop the suspension element drive and shot blasting devices with a predetermined time delay. 11. The system according to claim 1, comprising means for drying objects, means for cooling objects and / or means for polishing objects. 12. The system according to claim 1, in which between the means of shot blasting and bath flux treatment installed cleaning tool designed to blow objects to clean them with air and / or remove residual material from the object using liquid. 13. The system of claim 12, comprising a collection means for collecting a mixture of material and air and / or liquid residues, a means for separating material residues and a means for supplying air and / or liquid back to the cleaning means. 14. The system according to claim 1, in which, after the galvanization bath, a means is installed for directing air along the object, designed to blow off zinc droplets from the object. 15. The system of claim 1, wherein the shot blasting apparatuses are installed to remove a plurality of layers present on an object. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the shot blasting apparatuses are installed to remove secondary scale and a layer of silicon present at the facility, to obtain previously used / manufactured finished objects. 17. A suspension element for suspending an object in a system according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the suspension element is made of an alloy which does not substantially absorb zinc or does not adhere to the surface of zinc. 18. A method of thermal galvanizing manufactured and / or previously used objects, in particular metal objects, comprising fixing manufactured and / or previously used objects on a suspension rail (2) of a system according to any one of claims 1-16, moving objects along a suspension rail (2 ), during which the following steps are performed: preliminary processing of the object, including the removal of the surface layer of the object, placing the pre-processed object in the bath (5) with flux treatment for processing the object with flux, eschenie object treated submerged in a zinc bath (6) for the reaction of the object material with zinc and drawing the zinc coating layer of the object, wherein the preprocessing step comprises blasting an object to remove particles, at least the surface layer. 19. The method according to p. 18, including bead-blasting processing of an object under a set of specified processing angles. 20. The method according to p, in which the average particle diameter is from 0.25 to 1.6 mm 21. The method of claim 18, wherein approximately 40% of the particles have an average size of 0.6-1.0 mm, and 60% of the particles have an average size of 0.8-1.3 mm. 22. The method according to p, in which the particles are made of steel with a low carbon content, preferably less than 0.18 wt.%. 23. The method according to p. 18, including galvanizing objects with a capacity of from about 3000 to 3750 kg of objects per hour. 24. The method of claim 18, wherein the shot blasting step comprises removing a plurality of layers present on an object. 25. The method according to paragraph 24, in which the phase of shot blasting comprises removing secondary scale and a layer of silicon present on the object. 26. The method according to p, in which between the shot blasting step and the flux treatment step, the object is blown for air cleaning and / or washed by spraying liquid. 27. The method according to p, in which the liquid is water, to which chemical additives are preferably added to improve the flow of water from the object. 28. The method according to p. 18, in which, after the galvanization step, air is directed along the object to blow off zinc droplets from the object. 29. The method according to p. 28, including the supply of blown droplets of zinc back into the zinc bath. 30. The method according to p, in which the step of installing the object in at least one of the baths comprises moving the object through the corresponding bath. 31. The method according to p. 30, comprising moving the object through the bath, essentially continuously. 32. The method according to item 30 or 31, comprising moving the object through the bath with an almost constant speed. 33. The method according to p, in which the speed of movement of the object through the zinc bath is about 50-250 cm and preferably 80 cm per minute. 34. The method according to p, containing drying the object treated with flux. 35. The method according to p. 18, including cooling the object on which the zinc layer was applied. 36. The method according to p. 18, including polishing the object on which the zinc layer was applied.

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