RU2305395C2 - Grain harvesting stripping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in grain harvesting. Proposed grain harvesting machine includes power unit, wheel frame and trailer. Wheel frame carries stripping chamber, housing with suction port, receiver and fan. Stripping cylinder with working members is arranged in housing of stripping chamber. Fishback formed by chutes with beveled ends is arranged under stripping cylinder. Said chutes are installed with tilting and communicate with receiver. The latter is connected with inclined chamber provided with scraper conveyor. Fan with deflector is arranged over receiver higher than stripping cylinder. Inclined chamber and deflector communicate with trailer through pneumatic drive. Inclined chutes of fishback divide bulk grain into strips and entrap grains shattered at oscillation of stems.

EFFECT: reduced losses of grain.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to a device for harvesting cereal crops and rice by combing working bodies.

A well-known combing header SR-4200 from SRE (Great Britain), mounted on an inclined chamber of a SK-5M Niva combine harvester (see Maslov G.G., Bogus Sh.N. Mechanized technologies for cultivating and harvesting crops, Maykop, Republican Publishing House Printing Association "Adygea", 1997, 82-85.) and comprising a housing, a casing with a receiving window located below, a brushing rotor with eight rows of brushing fingers from an elastic sheet plate 10 mm thick, which are swept teeth on a common basis ry with round holes between them.

The disadvantages are high energy costs, because the header is hung on the combine, and crop losses due to the strong self-shedding of grain and breaking off ears.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved economic effect is a field harvesting combing machine (see A.N. Lezhenkin "Modeling of field harvesting of the grain part of the crop with a machine for farmers and peasant farms": g. "Mechanization and electrification of agriculture", No. 5, 2005, from 15-18.), Including an energy tool (tractor), transporting the side mounted wheel frame and trailer. A scrubbing chamber with a cantilever mount and a centrifugal fan with a deflector and a pneumatic conduit in communication with the trailer are installed on the wheel frame. The cleaning chamber has a housing, a casing with a suction window located below, two cleaning drums, a receiver with an inclined chamber with a scraper conveyor in communication with the pneumatic pipe.

The disadvantages of this machine are the high yield losses due to self-shedding of grain upon contact with the outer part of the casing, contamination of the grain by suctioned lumps of soil, extra energy costs for idle air movement, because the conveyor acts as a shutter, as well as combing the entire length of the stem, clogging the corners of the receiving chamber with ears and low productivity due to the small working width.

The technical solution to the problem is to reduce energy consumption, grain loss, pollution, as well as increasing productivity and operational reliability.

The technical solution of the problem is carried out by the fact that in the known machine, including the aggregated energy means, a wheeled frame located on the side, and a trailer, while the frame is equipped with a cleaning chamber with a cantilever housing mount containing a drum with cleaning working bodies, a casing with a suction window, a receiver with an inclined chamber with a scraper conveyor and a fan with a deflector, while the inclined chamber and deflector are connected to the trailer via a pneumatic line, the suction window being located in front and at the bottom under the drum there is a comb made of gutters with a beveled end mounted obliquely and connected to a receiver, above which a fan with a deflector is placed above the drum, the fan being diametrically shaped and its blades looking like a comb made of semicircular plates, the casing being made wavy and placed above the drum, and the stripping chamber has a hydroficated parallelogram mechanism of raising and lowering, and the conveyor in the receiver is equipped with two screw tips with oncoming turns, working hours ik- bodies are formed as radially mounted on the drum T-shaped blades which are movably mounted stripper plate swept comb teeth with round recesses therebetween.

New elements are: placement in front of the suction window; the implementation of the lower part of the stripping chamber in the form of a comb of gutters communicated with the receiver, having a bevel and installed obliquely; equipping the cleaning chamber with a diametrical fan with a deflector, in which the blades have the form of a comb from semicircular plates; equipping the scraper conveyor with screw tips;

the execution of the casing over the wavy drum; equipping the stripping chamber with a hydrified parallelogram lifting and lowering mechanism; the implementation of the working stripping organs in the form of a plate with a comb of swept teeth and round recesses between them, fixed with the possibility of movement on the L-shaped blade to adjust the area of the recess.

The novelty is ensured by the fact that, depending on the stand, the installation height of the combing chamber is regulated, the bottom masses are combed and divided into compacted strips and at the same time grain is sent to the receiver, the drum combes the grain from the strips with plates with a tooth comb and carries G -shaped blades of it into the receiving chamber, and then by screws to the scraper conveyor, while depending on the crop, the excavation area is regulated by moving the plate, previously unblocked, and then m, fixed, the air flow, uniform along the entire front of the drum due to the wavy casing and a diametrical fan with blades in the form of a comb from semicircular plates, sucks in the crumbling parts of the ears, etc. into the receiving chamber and into the pneumatic line.

Combine harvesting machine is shown schematically in the drawings: in Fig.1. - top view, figure 2. - section aa, in figure 3. - drawing gutters, figure 4 - view B.

Combine harvesting machine consists of an energy tool 1 (for example, a tractor of the third class 1, 4), with which the wheel frame 2 protruding from the side and the trailer 3 are aligned along the side. The protruding part of the frame 2 is mounted with the possibility of raising and lowering using a hydroformed parallelogram mechanism 4 a combing chamber comprising a housing 5, a receiver 6 located at the bottom and communicating on one side with a comb of inclined grooves 7 with a beveled end and with an inclined chamber 8 on the other hand, as well as upper casing 9. In the housing 5, above the grooves 7, a drum 10 is installed, equipped with L-shaped blades 11. A combing plate 12 with a comb of swept teeth 13 with round recesses 14 between them is mounted with the possibility of fixation in the required position. In the inclined chamber 8, a scraper conveyor 15 is installed, equipped with two screw tips 16, with oncoming turns, which are placed on both sides in the receiver 6. Above the receiver 6, a diametrical fan 17 is installed above the drum 10, the blades of which are made in the form of a comb made of semicircular plates 18. The fan 17 is equipped with a deflector 19. The casing 9 above the drum 10 is made wavy in accordance with the plates 18 and does not close it from the front. The gap between the casing 9 and the comb of the grooves 7 in front forms a suction window. The deflector 19, the inclined chamber 8 are communicated by means of a pneumatic line 20 with a trailer 3. The drum 10, the conveyor 15 with the extensions 16 and the fan 17 are driven from the PTO of the tractor 1 by means of kinematic communication with their pulleys (not shown in the diagrams). The mechanism 4 is connected with the hydraulic system of the tractor 1.

The work is as follows. When the movement of the unit, consisting of energy means 1, frame 2 and trailer 3, along the field of the comb of the protruding grooves 7 is introduced into the bread mass and divides it into strips. The collected bundles of straw mass are a gate that does not allow crumbling grain to fall to the ground when the stems vibrate. Due to this, the grain enters the grooves 7, of which the receiving chamber 6 due to the inclination of the latter and vibration of the working device. In addition, when moving the aggregate comb from the grooves 7 carries out a primary tow of grain. The drum 10, rotating clockwise in the housing 5, carries out the final grain washing in round recesses 14 between the swept teeth 13 combing the straw mass. Moreover, depending on the crop, round recesses 14 can be overlapped by re-fixing the stripping plate 12 on the L-shaped blade 11. Large crop - recess 14 is fully open, smaller crop - it partially overlaps. The carved grain with blades 11 is moved to the receiver 6, and then with the help of screw tips 16 and the scraper conveyor 15 along the inclined chamber 8 into the air line 20. The air flow created by the diametrical fan 17 rotating counterclockwise in the housing 5 is uniform along the entire front due to the blades from the comb of the semicircular plates 18 and the wavy casing 9, sucks everything that flows around (grain, spikelets, stems, etc.) through the suction window and feeds it through the deflector 19 into the pneumatic conduit 20, through which together with the grain coming from the tilt of the chamber 8, into the trailer 3. The height of the introduction of the grooves 7 into the bread mass is regulated using a parallelogram mechanism 4, mounted on the wheel frame 2 and controlled from the tractor hydraulic system 1. If the bread mass is not dead, then when the tops are brushed off, the energy costs are lower.

The proposed combine harvesting machine is effective for farmers due to its low cost, economical fuel consumption, low losses, high operational and technological reliability.

Claims (6)

1. Combine harvesting machine, including aggregated energy means, a wheeled frame located on the side, and a trailer, while on the wheeled frame there is a combing chamber with a cantilever body mount containing a drum with stripping working elements, a casing with a suction window, a receiver with an inclined camera with a scraper conveyor and a fan with a deflector, while the inclined chamber and the deflector are connected via a pneumatic pipe to the trailer, characterized in that the suction window is located in front and below od drum arranged comb of the gutters with a bevelled end, obliquely installed and communicated to the receiver, on which the drum above the housing assembled with the fan baffle. 2. Combine harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the fan is made diametrical, and its blades have the form of a comb of semicircular plates. 3. Combine harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing is made over the wavy drum. 4. Combine harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the combing chamber has a hydroficated parallelogram lifting and lowering mechanism. 5. Combine harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor in the receiver is equipped on both sides with screw tips with oncoming turns. 6. Combine harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the brushing working bodies are made in the form of L-shaped blades radially mounted on the drum, on which brushing plates with a comb of swept teeth and round recesses between them are mounted with the ability to move.

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