RU2304870C1 - Fruit pickup - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: fruit pickup has frame, charging device, catcher formed as elastic conveyor, fruit receiving tray, and discharge conveyor. Catcher is equipped with endless conveying belt having elastic blades fixed on said belt at pitch which is greater than maximum size of fruit to be picked by 10-20%. Height of blades for picking up of watermelon fruits is set at the level of 150-200 mm, for pumpkin - 200-250 mm. Fruit flow divider is provided in mid portion of catcher belt, with outer edge of belt being defined by flanges.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, enhanced reliability in operation, and reduced damage to fruits.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines designed for harvesting gourds.

Known fruit picker for melons, containing an endless conveyor with fingers mounted on it, in which, in order to reduce damage when selecting fruits of various sizes and shapes, the fingers are spring-loaded and pivotally mounted on the conveyor with a step close to the size of the smallest fruits; articulated - spring fingers in the working area are covered with elastic material and have a pear-shaped thickening at the end (SU, copyright certificate No. 397154. M. Cl. A01D 45/00, A01D 51/00. Picker of melons and gourds / B. G. Chechin, M .Yu.Topolsky, E.G. Volkov, V.A. Rumyantsev, etc. - Stated September 21, 1971; Publ. September 17, 1973).

The disadvantages of the described picker include low technical reliability, low productivity and large fruit losses.

Known picker of fruits of melons, containing a support frame, a lift made in the form of a series of guides, and a feeding device with leashes, in which, in order to increase the completeness of selection and reduce damage to fruits, the feeding device consists of separate endless flexible elements hinged relative to the frame and guides, leashes on which are fixed with an arrangement between the guides and are tilted in the direction of movement of the flexible elements (SU, copyright certificate No. 886803. M. Cl ^3. A01D 45/00. Fruit picker / V.I. Perepelitsa, V.I. Protasov, V.V.Grezhanyu, S.F. Shtelmakh - Declared 12/22/1976; Published 07.12.1981).

The disadvantages of this picker include the complexity of the design, the low reliability of the selection of fruits, their mechanical damage at the time of capture and transportation, as well as the inability to select only standard fruits.

Known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a drum with meshes, a roll-in and a receiving tray, the drum is made in the form of a closed chain contour, the lifting branch of which is inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the picker, and is equipped with a conveyor belt and elastic blades forming the mesh while the conveyor belt covers the chain contour from the outside, and the elastic blades are connected to the chain contour and the conveyor belt and are perpendicular to them (SU, copyright certificate 1588307. M. Kl ⁵ A01D 45/00 Pick melons fruits / V.G.Abezin and L.N.Chaban - Stated 02.06.1987;. Publ 30.08.1990, Bul №32)...

The disadvantages of this picker are injury to the fruit during collision from the right and left feeders, imperfections in construction when aggregated with a tractor and the inability to select fruits for a standard size.

Known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a roller, a closed chain loop, the lifting chain of which is tilted in the direction opposite to the direction of movement, and a conveyor belt covering the chain loop from the outside, and elastic blades rigidly connected to the chain loop and conveyor belt, each blade is made C-shaped and is located to the chain contour at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, its side racks are lined with elastic material, and the blade has a bend in the direction opposite to the movement of the pickup, and the frame is tilted back at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, the conveyor belt covering the chain contour is made in the form of a grid with meshes larger than the minimum size of the selected fruits, while the pick-up frame is mounted on the tractor, and the chain contour is connected with the tractor drive wheel , the pick-up swather has strips that are mounted on a supporting beam fixed in the lower part of the frame and fixed on the tractor frame by means of adjustable stretching (RU, Patent No. 2262224. IPC ⁷ A01D 51/00. A picker of gourds / V.G. Abezin, V.V. Karpunin, A.N. Tseplyaev, M.N. Shaprov, A.M. Saldaev, V.P. Boromensky, D.A. Abezin - Declared 09.06. 2004; Publ. 10/02/2005, Bull. No. 29).

The disadvantages of this picker are injury to the fruit by the roll-in, the inability to select the minimum size fruits, since the cell size is larger than the size of the fruits and the coverage of the conveyor belt of the chain loop, which is structurally impossible to perform.

The closest analogue to the claimed object in its technical essence is a device for selecting fruits of melons, including a loader, a catcher made in the form of an elastic conveyor, and an unloading conveyor, while an elastic rolling conveyor is installed above the loader at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the device, which is one the end inward of the trap circuit, and the front of the lower branch of the rolling conveyor forms an angle with a horizontal plane (SU, copyright certificate No. 370 914. M. Cl. A01D 45/00, A01D 51/00. Device for the selection of fruits of melons / I. Egorov. Declared 11/15/1971; Publish. 11/22/1973).

The drawbacks of the picker include design complexity, low reliability of fruit capture from the field and their injury during selection.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce injury to the fruit during selection and ensure the reliability of the capture of the selected fruit.

The technical result is an increase in productivity, a decrease in fruit injury and an increase in operational reliability.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known fruit picker, including a frame, a loader, a catcher in the form of an elastic conveyor, a receiving tray and an unloading conveyor, according to the invention, the catcher is equipped with an endless conveyor belt with elastic blades placed on the conveyor belt in increments of 10. ..20% more than the maximum size of the selected fruits, while the height of the blades for the selection of watermelon fruits is set to 150 ... 200 mm, for the selection of pumpkin fruits - 200 ... 250 mm, in the middle part a crumpled catcher from the tape, a fruit flow divider is made, and flanges are formed at its outer edges; traction and drive blocks of the catcher are spring-loaded relative to the frame, the catcher and unloading conveyors are equipped with hydraulic drives; the working elements of the conveyors, loader, receiving tray have an elastic coating.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a fruit picker, side view.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows.

The fruit picker is mounted with a mounted implement and includes a supporting frame 1 with a catcher 2, consisting of an endless conveyor belt 3 with elastic blades 4. The blades 4 are placed on the conveyor belt 3 in increments of 10 ... 20% more than the maximum size of the selected fruits and have height 150 ... 200 mm when selecting fruits of watermelons. When selecting pumpkin fruits, the height of the blades 4 should be equal to 200 ... 250 mm.

In the middle part of the conveyor belt 3, a splitter 5 of fruit streams is made. The catcher 2 is spring-loaded on the pick-up frame 1 using elastic elements 6 and 7. The conveyor belt 3 covers the tension 8 and drive 9 blocks and has flanges “a” on both sides of the belt 3 from the flow divider 5. The catcher 2 is installed above the receiving tray 10, which relies on a supporting-plethimetric roller 11. An unloading conveyor 12 is fixed to the frame 1 and the supporting-plethousing roller 11, containing asterisks 13, 14, which are covered by a chain contour 15, to which the conveyor belt 16 is fixed with sagging. In front of the catcher 12 a loader 17 is installed. In the upper part of the unloading conveyor 12 a fruit receiving tray 18 with a stacker 19 is provided. The loader bars 17 are located on the copy wheels 20. The catcher 2 is driven by a gear motor 21, and the unloading conveyor 12 is driven by a hydraulic motor 22. Gourd picker crop mounted on the right side of the wheeled tractor through the brackets 23.

All structural elements of the picker in contact with the fruit are covered with an elastic material.

The picker works as follows.

When the harvesting unit moves along the melon field, on which large blobs were sampled, the fruits remaining on the field are subject to continuous harvesting for food and seed purposes, the fruits are picked up by the rolling machine 17 and sent to the fruit-lifting conveyor 2. Divider 5 prevents collision of the fruits coming from the right left strips 17 vkatvatora. This prevents injury to the fruit. The fruits served by the roll-in are fixed by flanging “a” of the conveyor belt 3. Then they are caught by the blades 4 and moved along the fruit receiving tray 10 to the unloading conveyor 12. The fruits fall into the hollows of the conveyor belt 16 and are fed into the fruit receiving tray 18, which has a bias towards the fruit stacker 19 It provides their loading in vehicles or containers.

The use of a fruit-lifting conveyor with elastic blades and a fruit flow divider provides reliable selection of fruits without injuring them.

Claims (4)

1. Fruit picker, including a frame, a loader, a catcher in the form of an elastic conveyor, a fruit pickup tray and an unloading conveyor, characterized in that the catcher is equipped with an endless conveyor belt with elastic blades placed on the conveyor belt in increments of 10 ... 20% more than the maximum the size of the fruits to be selected, while the height of the blades for the selection of watermelon fruits is set to 150 ... 200 mm, for the selection of pumpkins - 200 ... 250 mm, in the middle of the said catcher, a fruit flow divider is made from tape, etc. than its outer edge formed flange returns. 2. The sorter according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive and tension blocks of the catcher are spring loaded relative to the frame. 3. The sorter according to claim 1, characterized in that the trap and unloading conveyors are equipped with hydraulic drives. 4. The sorter according to claim 1, characterized in that the working elements of the conveyors, the loader and the receiving tray have an elastic coating.

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