RU2303290C2 - Method for finding moving electro-conductive objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safety technologies, possible use for finding moving electro-conductive objects.

SUBSTANCE: in accordance to invention, in controlled area of space along the protected boundary at similar or different distances from each other, emitters interconnected by communication cable are mounted, made in form of transformers of electric voltage to electromagnetic field, and measuring devices interconnected by another communication cable, in which devices for primary analysis and processing of measured changes of electromagnetic field parameters are positioned, "measuring device - emitter" pairs are created from adjacent measuring devices and emitters and from measuring devices and emitters adjacent to these measuring devices and emitters, pairs are identified and information about detection of electro-conductive object, generated by each pair, is transferred to central device for analysis and processing of information, which generates a notification about detection of electro-conductive object or group of electro-conductive objects with indication of detected location.

EFFECT: increased trustworthiness of object detection.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of security and is intended for the detection of electrically conductive objects moving along an arbitrary route. The invention, in particular, relates to a method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects, in which, in a controlled area of space along a guarded line or perimeter, at the same or unequal distances from each other, meters connected to each other by a communication cable are made in the form of electromagnetic field to voltage converters , and interconnected by another communication cable emitters made in the form of converters of electrical voltage to electric omagnitnoe field of measuring devices and emitters is formed pairs "meter-emitter" change settings established emitters resulting field (which is the sum of the primary field and secondary fields) recorded calipers and predeterminable combinations of measured variables generate detection information conductive object or a group of electrically conductive objects.

The invention may find application for detecting an intruder or intruders (a person, groups of people, other biological objects) that crosses some controlled area of space, for example, a state border, a guarded line or a guarded perimeter of a potentially dangerous object or any other protected object (for example, nuclear a station, an object of chemical or military production, an arsenal of nuclear or conventional weapons, an object of a communal fund, an object of a socio-cultural or national economic name Achen, private property, etc.). It doesn’t matter how the detected object crosses or tries to cross the controlled area of space: growing, bending, crawling in the thick grass, between shrubs and trees, under water or under snow, by construction, on a vehicle or horse-drawn cart, riding a horse or other animal. The invention is suitable for detecting a wide class of moving (metal and other) electrically conductive objects and use in their safety systems, for example, for preventing and preventing collisions of vehicles.

Currently, various methods for detecting moving objects are known, which, based on the properties of the detected object, its elements and / or objects located on it, can be divided into the following groups:

1. The group to which the methods for detecting moving objects with magnetic properties belong. The limited use of the methods of this group is due to the mandatory observance of a number of conditions. So, for example, the method implemented in the device described in SU 492413 allows you to detect an object if its trajectory is known and permanent magnets are placed on the detected object. The method implemented in the device described in RU 2106692 C1 allows one to detect an object (intruder) if it has magnetic objects and causes ground vibrations.

2. The group, which includes methods for detecting moving objects with ferromagnetic properties, high electrical conductivity, the ability to interact with the Earth's magnetic field and / or creating their own electromagnetic field by their movement. The listed properties of such objects determine the area of practical application of these methods. Moreover, the application of the methods of this group requires the fulfillment of a number of other (additional) conditions. So, in particular, the method described in SU 591905 can be used to detect vehicles that must necessarily enter the controlled area and cross its border (s), and along a previously known route. Another method for detecting moving objects is described in SU 1490681 A1. However, in this case, vehicles must follow a previously known route: through a flux gate. The method described in RU 204003 C1 can be used to detect objects such as bathyscaphes, deep-sea vehicles and other similar objects that create their own electromagnetic field by their movement. The method implemented in the device described in RU 2174244 C1, is designed to detect and track an extended metal-containing object from the board of an underwater search installation.

3. The group to which the methods for detecting moving objects having poor electrical conductivity, such as biological objects, belong. The electrical conductivity of objects detected by the methods of this group is many times less than the electrical conductivity of objects detected by methods assigned to other groups. For example, the electrical conductivity of the human body is millions of times less than the electrical conductivity of aluminum.

The purpose of the proposed method is to detect any moving through a controlled area of space along an arbitrary route of conductive objects, including moving along an arbitrary route of objects with weak electrical conductivity.

Separate actions of the proposed method are contained in the method for detecting the location of moving metal objects described in SU 1246905 A3, namely, using a conductive loop (which can also be a magnetic dipole), eddy currents are excited in the object, their level is estimated and the location of the object is judged by it . However, increasing the accuracy of registering the position of an object in this way is achieved by measuring the inductance, which practically, due to difficulties in technical implementation and the need to find the object at the time of its detection in the loop zone of the inductor, eliminates the possibility of detecting moving weakly conducting objects. That is why such a well-known method is used only for registering the location of cars and other objects with high electrical conductivity.

The closest known method to proposed in the invention method is the method implemented in the device, a diagram of which is shown in figure 1 and which is described in RU 2071121 C1. In this known method, the detection of an intruder crossing a guarded line is provided by the use of several emitters 4 made in the form of electric voltage to magnetic field converters and connected by a communication cable 2, and several receivers 3 made in the form of magnetic field to electric voltage converters and connected by another cable 1 communication, placing the emitters 4 and receivers 3 in an alternating order one after another. The generator 5, the driver 12 of the reference voltage, the phase shifter 11, the amplifier 6, the synchronous detector 7, the bandpass filter 8, the threshold unit 9 and the driver 10 of the alarm signal of the specified device on the signal they process from the receivers 3 give (or do not give) an alarm signal about the detection (or lack of detection) of the "intruder". The use of magnetic field emitters 4 (essentially representing magnetic dipoles) in this method, when implemented, leads to design passes of the detected object in directions lying in the planes (or in planes close to them) passing through the magnetic moment vectors of the emitters 4 and vertical to him, and planes (or in planes close to them) passing through the vectors of magnetic moments of the receivers 3 and vertical to them. This is due to the fact that the signals generated by the detected object in the indicated directions are much weaker than the signals generated by the same object in other directions. Their amplification to the level necessary to detect the object, without reducing the noise immunity of the device that implements this method, is practically impossible. Along with this, the known method reduces the noise immunity of the device and the reliability of detection of an object crossing a guarded line (perimeter), and in other directions. The latter is due to the fact that the processed input signal is the sum of signals from all even or from all odd receivers, and not a signal from the receiver, which, together with the emitter adjacent to it, localizes the place (section) of the intersection of the protected line (perimeter) by the object. It also follows from this that when detecting moving electrically conductive objects in this way it is impossible to determine the number of sites in which - on one, on several, and on which ones exactly - the intersection of the protected line (perimeter) occurred. When using this method, the level of the useful signal depends on the distance between the emitter 4 and the receiver 3. In practice, as a rule, it is not possible to maintain the design distance between the emitters 4 and the receivers 3. Deviations from the design distances are caused by natural or artificial obstacles (trees, boulders, engineering communications, etc.), which in turn complicates the configuration of devices that implement this method, when they are installed on the site. The detection area is uneven. In some areas, large amplifications are required that reduce the noise immunity of the entire system. In addition, this method eliminates the possibility of changing the settings of the emitters 4 and receivers 3 by hardware. The levels of the primary magnetic fields of the emitters 4 and the sensitivity of the receivers 3 can only be set when the devices are configured in the factory or during installation at the facility and cannot be changed during operation without additional remounting and additional reconfiguration.

Based on the foregoing, the present invention was based on the task of developing a method for detecting moving (s) electrically conductive (s) objects with higher reliability and more accurate localization of the place or places of intersection (s) of the protected line (perimeter) with electrically conductive (s) ) object (s).

With regard to the method, the characteristics of which are indicated at the beginning of the description, the problem posed in the invention is solved due to the fact that the meters provide devices for primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of the electromagnetic field, pairs of "meter-emitter" are formed from adjacent meters and emitters and adjacent to them to meters and emitters of meters and emitters, pairs of "meter-emitter" identify information on the detection of an electrically conductive object generated by each pair of "measure Tel emitter "is transmitted to the central information analysis and processing apparatus which forms an alert is detected electrically conductive object or a group of electrically conductive objects, indicating the place or places of the detection object detection.

Placing the devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of magnetic and electric fields directly in the meters and the pair identification of the meters and emitters can achieve the following advantages:

- the detection zone is formed more uniform due to the exclusion of the dependence of the useful signal on the phase relationships;

- it is possible to obtain a narrow frequency bandwidth of the working path, determined only by tactical requirements, which in turn significantly increases the system's resistance to external electromagnetic interference;

- significantly reduces the dependence of the useful signal on the environment and the instabilities of the emitters, in particular due to the instabilities of the amplification factors of the RF amplifiers (due to the fact that it becomes possible to calculate the relative magnitude of the signal increment).

According to one preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, meters and emitters are placed in pairs along the guarded object. The advantage of this option is that zones of reduced sensitivity are excluded (each meter and each emitter (with the exception of the extreme ones) are between the meter and the emitter of a pair by the special formation of “meter-emitter” pairs).

The emitters are preferably made in the form of converters of electrical voltage to a magnetic field.

It is preferable to use microcontrollers as devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of the electromagnetic field.

It is preferable to use a processor as a central device for analyzing and processing information.

The advantage of using microcontrollers and a processor is determined by the ability to implement complex algorithms when processing the information received, the stability of the technical characteristics of the system and its competitive economic indicators.

According to another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, antennas with radiation resistance not exceeding 300 Ohms are used in meters and emitters, which make it possible to achieve uniform sensitivity of the meter-emitter pairs along a guarded boundary (perimeter).

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the frequency of the high-frequency operating voltages is chosen to be greater than 1 MHz, which makes it possible to detect biological objects and other weakly conductive objects.

When the system is triggered, the central device for analyzing and processing information, if necessary, automatically turns on or allows turning on the technical means of ensuring safety and provides information to the personnel or crew for making their own decision.

Information from peripheral devices and from the central device for the analysis and processing of information can be transmitted both via communication cables (electric or optical), and via a radio channel.

Below the invention is considered in more detail on a non-limiting example of one of the variants of its possible implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

figure 1 - diagram of a known device that implements the known method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects,

figure 2 - diagram of a device that implements the proposed invention a method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects,

figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the pairwise placement of emitters and meters.

The device shown in FIG. 2 is one of the preferred devices that implement the method of the invention and allows to increase the reliability of detection and the accuracy of localization of the intersection or intersection of the guarded line (perimeter) with an electrically conductive (s) object (s), in particular bioobjects. To do this, in the controlled area of space (along the guarded line), at equal or unequal distances from each other, magnetic and electric field meters 3 are placed, next to which and / or between which regular or irregular order emitters of a quasistationary electromagnetic field are placed. Processing unit 14, i.e. a central device for analyzing and processing information, is installed, for example, in a precinct cabinet or in a security room. Processing unit 14 and peripherals, i.e. meters 3 and emitters 4, are interconnected by cables 1, 2, respectively. The processing unit 14 consists of a conditioning unit for the supply voltage, high-frequency sinusoidal signal generators, a mixer, power amplifiers, an intermediate frequency driver, filters and buffers, an exchange device, a processor, a matching device with a communication line, a device for protecting against reverse polarity and a device for protecting against static electricity and lightning discharges. The emitters 4 contain a power amplifier of high-frequency signals, loaded onto a radiating antenna having a low radiation resistance not exceeding 300 Ohms. Meters 3 contain the same low-resistance antenna as emitters, a synchronous high-frequency detector, a filter, a video signal detector and a peripheral microcontroller that performs the function of a device for the primary analysis and processing of health parameters of meters and emitters and changes in magnetic and electric fields.

Shown in figure 2, the device operates as follows. When applying to the power supply device the high-frequency voltage from the generator located in the processing unit 14, through the communication cable 2 is supplied to the input of one of the emitters 4, and the reference voltage from another generator, also located in the processing unit 14, is supplied to the input of the corresponding meter 3 The voltage received at the input of the emitter 4 is amplified by power and then transmitted to its antenna. A quasi-stationary electromagnetic field is created in the surrounding space. A voltage arises at the antenna of the meter 3, which is determined by the component composition of the field acting on the meter, which is detected by a synchronous detector. After appropriate filtering, the voltage is fed through an analog-to-digital converter to the input of the microcontroller included in the meter 3, which identifies this voltage as a direct signal, i.e. as the voltage level at the site of a working pair of "meter-emitter" in the absence of a detectable object. The microcontroller of meter 3 also analyzes the magnitude of the active voltages, compares them with the set ones, generates information about the operability of meter 3 and emitter 4, and in case of their malfunction provides information about this to the processor. In addition, the microcontroller of meter 3 performs the processing of the detected signal in order to form the working frequency band of the required width, compares the effective voltage with the threshold, adjusts the threshold, selects signals according to distinctive parameters, in particular according to the steepness of the voltage front and its slice, and provides using peripheral devices exchange information with the processor. When an intruder appears in the area of the meter-emitter pair, the component composition of the electromagnetic field at the location of the meter 3 changes, which leads to a corresponding change in the voltage at the input of its microcontroller. According to the results of the analysis by the microcontroller of the changed voltage, information is generated on the detection of the intruder (an electrically conductive object). The information received, together with the identifier of a particular meter 3, is transmitted through the communication interface to the processor of the processing unit 14. The central device for analyzing and processing information, i.e. processing unit 14, generates a notification about the detection of an electrically conductive object or a group of electrically conductive objects with an indication of the location of detection, automatically turns on security equipment or allows them to be turned on and provides information to security personnel or the crew of the vehicle for making their own decision. Further, the processor of the processing unit 14 turns off the working meter-emitter pair and turns on a new meter-emitter pair, repeating this process continuously for all meter-emitter pairs.

The device shown in figure 2 can consist of only one pair of "meter-emitter" and in this configuration is recommended for use, for example, in the protection of entrances, passages, driveways, mountain roads and trails, in collision warning systems and systems collision avoidance vehicles.

Figure 3 shows a variant with pairwise placement of measuring instruments 3 connected between each other by communication cable 1 and radiators 4 connected by communication cable 2. In this embodiment, emitter 4 is placed along the guarded line (perimeter), followed by another emitter 4, then meter 3, then meter 3 again, then emitter 4, followed by emitter 4, then meter 3, then meter 3, etc. Equivalent from the point of view of detecting an object is the arrangement according to the following scheme: meter 3, followed by meter 3, then emitter 4, then again emitter 4, then meter 3, then meter 3, then emitter 4, then again emitter 4, etc. d.

Shown in figure 3, the device operates similarly to the device, a diagram of which is shown in figure 2. The distances between the emitters 4 and the meters 3 are chosen so as to ensure the formation of a useful signal sufficient to detect the moving (s) conductive (s) object (s) and to exclude the influence of the emitters 3 on each other (amplification or attenuation of the emitted signal should not exceed 30%).

Claims (8)

1. A method for detecting moving electrically conductive objects, in which, in a controlled area of space along a guarded line or perimeter, at the same or unequal distances from each other, meters connected to each other by a communication cable made in the form of electromagnetic field to electric voltage converters are placed and interconnected another communication cable emitters, made in the form of converters of electrical voltage into an electromagnetic field, from meters and from teachers form pairs of “meter-emitter”, changes in the parameters created by the emitters of the resulting field are recorded by meters and according to the specified combinations of measured parameters generate information about the detection of an electrically conductive object or group of electrically conductive objects, characterized in that the meters contain devices for primary analysis and processing of measured changes in electromagnetic parameters fields, pairs "meter-emitter" form from adjacent meters and emitters and adjacent to these meters and emitters of meters and emitters, the “meter-emitter” pairs are identified and information about the detection of an electrically conductive object generated by each pair of “meter-emitter” is transmitted to the central information analysis and processing device, which generates an alert about the detection of an electrically conductive object or group conductive objects indicating the location of the detection of the object or places of detection of objects. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the emitters are in the form of electric voltage converters in a magnetic field. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the meters and emitters are placed in pairs along the guarded line. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that microcontrollers are used as devices for the primary analysis and processing of the measured changes in the parameters of the electromagnetic field. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a processor is used as a central device for analyzing and processing information. 6. The method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that antennas with radiation resistance not exceeding 300 Ohms are used in meters and emitters. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency of the high-frequency operating voltages is selected to be greater than 1 MHz. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the central device for analyzing and processing information, if necessary, automatically includes or allows you to turn on the technical means of ensuring security and provides information to the staff or crew for making their own decisions.

Images