RU2301611C1 - Apparatus for separating of seeds from cucurbitaceous crop fruit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has hopper incorporating fruit destructing device and device designed for separating seeds from crushed heap and equipped with ceilings and rod-type bottom. Fruit destructing device is equipped with feeding conveyor and is made in the form of three rubberized rolls provided with drive and having unequal diameters. Maximum diameter roll is located within bearing supports, is connected with drive through elastic coupling and is provided with shield mounted above said roll. Medium and minimum diameter rolls are positioned for rotation in opposite directions, are spring-loaded and are kinematically connected with maximum diameter roll through synchronizing transmission. Medium and minimum diameter rolls have return chamber positioned behind said chambers and joined with ceiling. Device for separating seeds from ground heap is mounted between rod-type bottoms, above sap collecting chute and is made in the form of oppositely rotating pair of beaters kinematically connected through synchronizing transmission, said beaters being formed as round rods. Beaters are positioned in parallel with axis of rotation of beaters in diametrical plane and are connected with casing of beaters through double-armed levers mounted on said casing. Beaters of one beating device are arranged relative to beaters of other beating device with rotation around axis of rotation of one of them at an angle of 90 deg.

EFFECT: increased yield of standard seeds.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for the selection of seeds from fruit gourds.

A known machine for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for separating seeds from chopped heap, in which, in order to increase seed yield and reduce their pollution by eliminating the formation of crumbs, a device for destroying fruits made in the form of polyhedra, each face of which is equipped with knives, the polyhedron being shifted to the bottom wall of the hopper, and the latter made pockets for the passage of knives (SU, author's certificate ments №772520. M.kl ^3. A23N 4/00. Machine for allocation of seeds from fruits melons / I.N.Egorov, M.A.Zhukov, L.S.Zemlyamov et al. Stated 20.04.1979. Publ. 10.23.1980).

The disadvantages of this machine, used to solve the problem of isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, is the unsatisfactory quality of the crushed seeds. The latter is expressed both in a large (up to 20%) amount of damaged seeds, and in waste along with pulp (10-17%).

The closest analogue to the claimed technical object relates to a device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, containing a hopper and a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heap, according to the invention, the device for destroying fruits is made in the form of passive knives and drive rotors with T-shaped cutting elements, and the device for separating seeds has counter-rotating screws, tier mounted under and above false ceilings in the form of finger gratings, while the hopper is equipped with a rod bottom (RU, patent No. 2202933. C2. IPC ⁷ A23N 4/00, 7/08. Device for isolating seeds from the fruits of melons / V.G. Abezin, V.I. Pyndak, V.V. Karpunin and others. Declared 02/07/2001. Publish. 04/27/2003).

The disadvantages of the described device, which we adopted as the closest analogue, include a large number of damaged seeds when milling fruits with T-shaped cutting elements and a low percentage of seed separation from pulp by counter-rotating screws.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is to reduce the cost of production and increase the yield of conditioned seeds.

EFFECT: increased productivity, reduced energy consumption and improved seed quality.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device for separating seeds from fruits of melons, including a hopper with a device for destroying fruits and a device for isolating seeds from chopped heap having ceilings and rod bottoms, according to the invention, a device for destroying fruits equipped with a feed conveyor, made in the form of three rubberized rollers with diameters of different diameters provided with a rotational drive, the roller of the largest diameter being installed n in the bearings, it is connected to the drive by means of an elastic coupling and has a shield mounted above it, and the rollers of the middle and largest diameters are mounted for rotation towards each other, are spring-loaded, kinematically connected to the roller of the largest diameter by means of a synchronizing gear and have a roller placed behind it and a return chamber connected to the ceiling, while the device for separating seeds from the chopped heap is mounted between the rod bottoms above the juice collecting tray and you It is executed in the form of counter-rotating and kinematically coupled by synchronizing transmission pairs of beaters with beats in the form of round rods, with the beats located parallel to the axis of rotation of the beaters in the diametrical plane and connected to the case of the beaters by means of double-arm levers mounted on it, in addition, the beats of one beater are installed to the beats another beater by rotation around the axis of rotation of one of them at an angle of 90 °.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically shows a device for separating seeds from the fruits of melons, transverse vertical section.

A device for isolating seeds from the fruits of melons and gourds contains a hopper 1 with a device 2 for destroying the fruits and a device 3 for isolating seeds from the chopped heap located therein. The device 3 is equipped with ceilings 4 and 5 and the rod bottoms 6 and 7. The device 2 for the destruction of fruits is equipped with a feed conveyor 8. The device 2 is made of three rubberized rollers 9, 10 and 11 equipped with a rotation drive with different diameters. The rotation drive of the rollers 9-11 and the conveyor 8 is made in the form of a gear motor with a three-phase asynchronous electric motor with a power of 2.2 kW with a rotation speed of 1500 min ^-1 . The roller 9 of the largest diameter is installed in the flange bearings, mounted on the end walls of the hopper 1 and connected to the drive by means of an elastic coupling. Counter-rotating rollers 10 and 11 of the middle and smallest diameters with respect to the rollers 9 of the largest diameter are installed in a floating position and spring-loaded. This allows the driven rollers 10 and 11 to move freely to the surface of the driving roller 9. The driven rollers 10 and 11 of smaller diameters with the driving roller 9 of the largest diameter are kinematically connected by a synchronizing gear 12. A chain gear placed on sprockets 13, 14, is used as a synchronizing gear 12. 15 and 16. From the shaft 17 of the drum 10, the drive roller 18 of the conveyor 8 receives rotation through the chain drive 8. A shield 19 is mounted above the drum 9 of a larger diameter. A return chamber 20 is placed behind the rollers 10 and 11 of smaller diameters. The return chamber 20 is paired with the ceiling 5.

The device 3 for separating seeds from the chopped heap is made in the form of counter-rotating beaters 21 with beats 22 in the form of round rods. Beats 22 are located parallel to the axis of rotation of the beater 21 in the diametrical plane. Bills 22 with the body are connected by means of two shoulders levers 23. The levers 23 on the body are mounted in one diametrical plane and are connected with welds with it.

The pair of beaters 21 of the device 3 is kinematically connected by a synchronizing transmission 24. Beats 22 of one beater 21 are mounted to beats 22 of the other beater 21 by rotation around the axis of rotation of one of them at a 90 ° angle. Beaters 21 are mounted between the rod bottoms 6 and 7 above the tray 25. Trays 26 and 27 are placed under the rod bottoms 6 and 7. The beater drive 21 of the device 3 also has a gear motor with an electric motor with a power of 1.1 kW with a rotation speed of 1500 min ^-1 . Electric motors of gear motors of devices 2 and 3 with a three-phase electric power supply network of 380 V are electrically connected by means of frequency converters.

A device for isolating seeds from the fruits of melons and gourds works as follows.

The fruits 28 are conveyed individually or in groups by conveyor 8 into the device 2. A pair of rollers 9 and 10 have opposite directions of rotation. Due to the fact that the rollers 9 and 10 have equal diameters, the fetus 28 is covered with rubber coatings of the rollers 9 and 10 and is guided into the inter-roll space. Due to the compression of the fetus between rollers 9 and 10, it undergoes deformation. The bark and pulp of the fetus burst, thereby forming large parts. From the inter-roll space of the pair of rollers 9 and 10, the deformed fetus enters the space between the rollers 9 and 11 having the same directions of rotation. This allows you to mutually shift the layers of the fetus. Part of the fetal fraction from the surface of the roller 9 of the device 2 falls into the hopper 1. The remaining pieces in the roll space of the rollers 9, 10 and 11 fall into the working space of the counter-rotating rollers 10 and 11. Due to the difference in peripheral speeds of the rollers 10 and 11, the pieces of the fruit 28 are grinding and, in the form of a fine fraction, enter the return chamber 20. From the chamber 20, the crushed heap falls into the cavity of the chamber 1. Large and small fractions of the fruit 28 fall on the rotating beater 21 and are thrown by the beaters 22 in the direction of the ceilings 4 and 5. Due to the impact parts n odov of ceiling plane 4 and 5 are separated from the pulp of the seeds. When pieces of pulp and seeds fall on the rod bottoms 6 and 7, juice and seeds will separate from the pulp. Juice and seeds fall from the gratings of the bottoms 6 and 7 and enter the trays 26 and 27. The juice from the trays 26 and 27 flows into the tray 25. From the hopper 1 and from the device 3, the juice is collected in the tray 25. By the beaters of 22 beaters 21 the pulp of the fruit 28 is removed outside the hopper 1 and is collected in containers as cattle feed.

Claims (1)

A device for isolating seeds from the fruits of melons, including a hopper with a device for destroying fruits located in it and a device for separating seeds from a chopped heap having ceilings and rod bottoms, characterized in that the device for destroying fruits is equipped with a feed conveyor and made in the form of rotational drive of three rubberized rollers with different diameters, and the largest diameter roller is installed in the bearings, connected to the drive by means of elastic of the coupling and has a shield mounted above it, and the rollers of the middle and smallest diameters are mounted for rotation towards each other, are spring-loaded, kinematically connected to the roller of the largest diameter by means of a synchronizing gear and have a return chamber located behind them and connected to the ceiling, while the device for separation of seeds from the chopped heap is mounted between the rod bottoms above the tray for collecting juice and is made in the form of counter-rotating and kinematically connected synchronized transmitting a pair of beaters with beats in the form of round rods, and the beats are located parallel to the axis of rotation of the beaters in the diametrical plane and are connected to the case of the beaters by means of two-arm levers mounted on it, in addition, the beats of one beater are mounted to the beats of the other beater with rotation around the axis of rotation of one of which at an angle of 90 °.