RU2374596C1 - Spaced radiolocating system for detection, escort and illumination of targets - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: spaced radiolocating system for detection, escort and illumination of targets consists of digital computer system of battle control point, inlet-outlet of which is connected by bus through equipment of data transceiving in battle control point with two inlet-outlets of two single-positional radiolocating systems. Each single-positional radiolocating system comprises equipment of data transceiving, digital computer system, equipment of radiation and processing of pulse signal, direction-finding antenna, radio transmitting device for illumination of target and system for automatic escort of target according to direction. To reduce coefficient of radiolocating systems suppression with active noise, each single-positional system is added with wave guide summary-difference system, three-channel radio receiving device of continuous signal, the first, second and third phase detectors, heterodyne, equipment of reference signal generation and additional antenna.

EFFECT: increased noise immunity.

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Description

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of defense technology, in particular to mobile anti-aircraft missile systems (SAM), and can be used to organize air defense of troops and military targets from defeat by enemy air assault in electronic warfare.

Famous air defense systems, for example the American "Hawk", "Patriot", "Advanced Hawk" [see F.K. Neupokoev. "Shooting anti-aircraft missiles." Military ed. M.O. USSR, M., 1980, p. 52; N.A. Vasilin, A.A. Gurinovich. "Anti-aircraft missile systems." Mn., LLC "Popuri"; A.S. Malgin. "Fire control anti-aircraft systems." Military ed. M.O., M, 1987, p.21], domestic air defense systems of the "BUK" series [see “Arms of Russia 2000”, p. 589, 593], containing a radar target detection (SOC), a combat control point (PBU) or command post (CP), radar systems for detecting, tracking and highlighting targets (radar) and launchers ( PU). Moreover, the number of radar systems and launchers in the complex may be different.

The above analogues have the disadvantage that when organizing electronic suppression of electronic warfare of electronic tracking systems and target illumination, using both pulsed and continuous radiation, high-potential multipath jamming systems are used. Moreover, each partial antenna of the REP system has a gain of approximately 20 dB, the average value of the output power is up to 50 W and the width of the radiation pattern in the azimuthal plane is not more than 15 ° [Yu.M. Perunov, K.I. Fomichev, L.M. Yudin . "Radio-electronic suppression of information channels of weapon control systems." M., "Radio Engineering", p.205].

The influence of interference with the indicated potential on the automatic tracking system in the direction (ASN), which is the basis of any radar guidance system for guided weapons, leads to loss of information about the angular coordinates of the target, violation of selection by angular coordinates and, as a result, to the failure to fulfill the main task solved by the radar target tracking system [Yu.M. Perunov, K.I. Fomichev, L.M. Yudin. "Radio-electronic suppression of information channels of weapon control systems." M., "Radio Engineering", p. 101, 204].

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a self-propelled firing system of the Buk-M1 anti-aircraft missile system [Buk-M1 anti-aircraft missile system. Technical description p. 24; "Anti-aircraft missile systems of air defense of the ground forces." Weapon technology yesterday, today, tomorrow. No. 5-6, 1999, p. 41], comprising a radar station, a digital computer system, a ground-based radar interrogator, a television optical sight, a telecode communication system, a starting device, starting automation equipment, a voice communication system, intercom and communication equipment and navigation equipment.

It is known that the main indicator of the noise immunity of a radio-electronic system, as well as of individual radio-electronic devices included in it, is the probability that they will fulfill their tasks under the conditions of enemy conduct of electronic-counter reaction [see "Protection against radio interference." - edited by M.V. Maksimov. M., "Soviet Radio", 1976, p.114]. Moreover, if the level of the interfering signal P _nx significantly exceeds the signal level of the target R _c at the input of one or another radio electronic device, the probability of him performing his tasks becomes unacceptably low. A quantitative indicator of the effectiveness of interference suppression of useful information at the output of a radar station is the suppression coefficient α _p equal to the interference ratio — signal at the input of the radar detector.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to reduce the coefficient of suppression by active interference of radar systems by creating on their basis an exploded radar system that is part of an anti-aircraft missile system for detecting and hitting targets under electronic suppression.

или

, пеленгационную антенну (АНТп), радиопередающее устройство подсвета цели (РПДУп) и систему автоматического сопровождения цели по направлению (АСН). Второй вход-выход АПД РЛс соединен шиной с первым входом-выходом ЦВС РЛс, а первый выход цифровой вычислительной системы подключен к входу радиопередающего устройства подсвета цели, второй выход цифровой вычислительной системы соединен со входом аппаратуры излучения и обработки импульсного сигнала, второй вход-выход цифровой вычислительной системы подключен ко второму входу-выходу системы автоматического сопровождения цели по направлению. Выход аппаратуры излучения и обработки импульсного сигнала подключен к первому входу системы автоматического сопровождения цели по направлению, выход системы автоматического сопровождения цели по направлению соединен с первым входом пеленгационной антенны, ко второму входу которой подключен выход радиопередающего устройства подсвета цели. Вход-выход пеленгационной антенны соединен с входом - выходом аппаратуры излучения и обработки импульсного сигнала, второй вход-выход аппаратуры приема-передачи данных пункта боевого управления соединен шиной со входом-выходом первой однопозиционной радиолокационной системы, а третий вход-выход аппаратуры приема-передачи данных пункта боевого управления соединен шиной с первым входом-выходом аппаратуры приема-передачи данных второй однопозиционной радиолокационной системы.The technical result is achieved by the fact that an exploded radar system for detecting, tracking and highlighting targets consists of a digital computer system of a combat control point (CVS PBU), the input-output of which is connected via a bus to the first input-output of the equipment for receiving and transmitting data from a combat control center (APD) PBU), and the inputs and outputs of which are connected by buses with two inputs and outputs of two single-position radar systems (RLS1, RLS2). Each one-position radar system includes equipment for receiving and transmitting data (ADF radar), a digital computer system (CVS radar), radiation equipment and processing a pulse signal (AIOIS) frequency

or

, direction-finding antenna (ANTp), radio transmission target illumination device (RPDUp) and automatic target tracking system in direction (ASN). The second input-output of the ADF radar is connected by a bus to the first input-output of the DAC of the radar, and the first output of the digital computer system is connected to the input of the radio transmitter of the target illumination, the second output of the digital computer system is connected to the input of the radiation and pulse processing equipment, and the second input-output is digital the computing system is connected to the second input-output of the automatic target tracking system in the direction. The output of the radiation equipment and processing the pulse signal is connected to the first input of the automatic target tracking system in the direction, the output of the automatic target tracking system in the direction is connected to the first input of the direction-finding antenna, to the second input of which the output of the target transmitting radio transmitter is connected. The input-output of the direction-finding antenna is connected to the input - output of the radiation and pulse signal processing equipment, the second input-output of the data from the combat control point is connected by a bus to the input-output of the first single-position radar system, and the third input-output of the data reception and transmission equipment the combat control point is connected by a bus to the first input / output of the equipment for receiving and transmitting data from the second one-position radar system.

New in the proposed diversity radar system for detecting, tracking and illuminating targets is the introduction of a waveguide sum-difference system, a three-channel radio receiving device of a continuous signal, a first, second and third phase detectors, a local oscillator, a reference signal generation apparatus and an additional antenna into each single-position radar system. The output of the additional antenna is connected to the first input of the equipment for generating the reference signal, to the second input of which the second output of the local oscillator is connected, the first output of the local oscillator is connected to the fourth input of the three-channel radio receiver of the continuous signal. The input of the local oscillator is connected to the output of the equipment for receiving and transmitting data, the output of the equipment for generating the reference signal is connected to the first inputs of the first, second, and third phase detectors, the first, second and third outputs of a three-channel radio receiving device of a continuous signal are connected to its second input. The output of the direction-finding antenna is connected to the input of the waveguide total-difference system, the first, second, and third outputs of which are connected respectively to the first, second, and third inputs of the three-channel radio receiving device. The outputs of the first, second and third phase detectors are connected to the second, third and fourth inputs of the automatic target tracking system in the direction.

The drawing 1 shows an exploded radar system for the detection, tracking and illumination of targets.

An exploded radar system for detecting, tracking, and highlighting targets consists of a digital computer system (CVS PBU) 2 combat control stations (PBU) 1 and data reception and transmission equipment (APD PBU) 3 combat control points (PBU) 1, the first single-position radar system (PLC1) 4, the second one-position radar system (RLS2) 5. Each one-position radar system contains equipment for receiving and transmitting data (APD RLS) 6, equipment for radiation and processing of a pulse signal (AIOIS) 7, direction finding antenna (ANTp) 8, radio transmitter for target illumination (RPDU 9), digital computer system (CVS radar) 10, automatic target tracking equipment in direction (ASN) 11, waveguide sum-difference system (HRRS) 12, three-channel radio receiver continuous signal (RPUns) 13, first, second, third phase detectors (PD) 14, 15, 16, local oscillator (Get) 17, additional antenna (ANTd) 18, equipment for the formation of a reference signal (AFos) 19.

The first output of the digital computing system RLS 10 is connected to the input of the radio transmitting device for illuminating the target 9, the second output of the digital computing system RLS 10 10 is connected to the input of the radiation and pulse processing equipment 7, the second input-output of the digital computing system RLS 10 10 is connected to the second input-output of the system automatic target tracking in direction 11. The output of the radiation equipment and processing the pulse signal 7 is connected to the first input of the automatic target tracking system in direction 11, the output of the automatic target tracking system in direction 11 is connected to the first input of the direction-finding antenna 8, to the second input of which the output of the radio transmission device for illuminating the target 9 is connected. The input-output of the direction-finding antenna 8 is connected to the input-output of the radiation and pulse signal processing equipment 7. Output an additional antenna 18 is connected to the first input of the equipment for generating the reference signal 19, to the second input of which a second output of the local oscillator 17 is connected. The first output of the local oscillator 17 is connected to the fourth input a three-channel radio receiver of the continuous signal 13. The input of the local oscillator 17 is connected to the output of the equipment for receiving and transmitting data 6, the output of the equipment for generating the reference signal 19 is connected to the first inputs of the first 14, second 15 and third 16 phase detectors, the first, second and the third outputs of the three-channel radio receiving device of the continuous signal 13. The output of the direction-finding antenna 8 is connected to the input of the waveguide total-difference system 12, the first, second and third outputs of which are connected respectively with the first, second and third inputs of the three-channel radio receiver 13. The outputs of the first 14, second 15, and third phase detectors 16 are connected to second, third and fourth inputs of the automatic target tracking in the direction 11.

An exploded radar system for detecting, tracking and illuminating targets as part of an anti-aircraft missile system works as follows.

After the installation of single-position radar systems (radar) of the anti-aircraft missile system (SAM) at a given position, the coordinate coordinates of all the complex’s assets are relative to the coordinates of the combat control point, i.e. for exchanging the corresponding values of X ₁ , Y ₁ , H ₁ , X ₂ , Y ₂ , H ₂ , X _PBU , Y _PBY , H _PBU . After completing the procedure of mutual coordinate linking of the SAM systems, the process of searching and finding targets in the given area of responsibility of the SAM begins.

The coordinates of the detected target (s) are transmitted to the DAC of the combat control point 2, which designates a specific, for example, the first one-position radar system for capturing, tracking and highlighting the target in order to fire it. In the absence of electronic countermeasures of the first one-position radar system, it is operating normally, i.e. as an independent radar system, it captures the target, escorts and illuminates it for firing.

The main disadvantage of independent radars is a sharp decrease in the main tactical and technical characteristics (or indicators) in the setting of active interference. In other words, the noise immunity index, which characterizes the constancy of radar efficiency in the presence of interference in autonomous operating modes, is significantly reduced.

If the adversary sets up active interference for the second one-position radar system that accompanied the target, the combat control station forms a spaced radar system, designating the first one-position radar system for capture, tracking and illumination, and the letter frequency of the radio transmitting target illumination device of the first RLc1 4 exactly matches the letter the frequency of the second radar station 2 5. The first radar station 4 4 according to target designation with PBU 1 carries out the capture, tracking and illumination of the target, and the second radar station 2 5, while second obstacle, off radiation.

At the initial moment of operation of the AIOIS, the first radar station 1 is not exposed to active interference (at least during the time necessary for the enemy’s REP system to reconnoiter the emerging new emitting means and evaluate the priority of creating interference) and information about the coordinates of the detected and tracked target immediately using the equipment data transmission and reception is transmitted to the second radar station 2, which is in the "passive mode", i.e. not including transmitting devices, neither radiation and pulse signal processing equipment, nor target illumination, it captures the target at the illumination frequency from the first radar station 1 4. In turn, immediately after the target signal is captured by the second radar station 2 5 in order to avoid resetting the target while tracking the first radar station 4 4 if active interference is being set in its direction, information about the target being tracked from the second radar station is transmitted to the first radar station 4 to organize its “forced tracking” mode using control signals from the second radar station 2.

It is known that for direction finding in two planes it is necessary to have four beams (Handbook of Radar. Edited by M. Skolnik. Volume 4. Radar stations and systems. M: "Sov. Radio", 1978, p. 18). Such a system can be built using, for example, 4 irradiators, symmetrically offset in the azimuthal and elevation directions relative to the focal axis of the mirror (MI Finkelshtein, Basics of Radar. M: Sov. Radio, 1973, p .011). As a result, at the output of such a system using 4 wave bridges, a total and two difference signals are formed - in the azimuthal and elevation planes, which are fed to the corresponding inputs of the three-channel receiving device. From this moment on, regardless of the fact that active interference was detected in the direction of Рлс1 4 of the separated radar system, РЛс2 5 in the passive mode continues tracking the target. In this mode, tracking of the radar target 2 is provided as follows. The signal reflected from the target is received by the direction-finding antenna 8, the output of which is fed through the BCC 12 to the input of the three-channel radio receiving device of the target signal 13.

The local oscillator signal in the range of the radio transmitting device 9 is fed to the second input of RPUns 13. From the output of the three-channel RPUns 13, the converted and amplified target signal R _cc , having a Doppler frequency offset Fd, determined by the value of the relative velocity of the target, is fed to the second inputs of phase detectors 14, 15, 16 the first inputs of which receives the reference signal P _OS from the output of the apparatus for forming the reference signal (Aphos) 19, while the first input Aphos 19 is connected to the output of an additional antenna 18 receiving lateral radiation of Rlc1 for h In order to illuminate the target, the second input of the AFos 19 is connected to the second output of the local oscillator 17. From the outputs of the phase detectors 14, 15, 16, the Doppler frequency signals are fed to the corresponding inputs of the automatic tracking system in the direction (ASN) 11, which controls the direction-finding antenna (ANTp) 8 in angular coordinates. At the same time, the control signals for controlling the direction-finding antenna through the second input-output are fed to the radar-centric radar system 10, where according to one of the rules for a single-base diversity radar system, the current values of the angular coordinates of the target relative to the first radar system radar system 1 4 are calculated (see Kondratiev BC, Kotov A.F. ., Markov AN Multiposition radio engineering systems. Edited by Professor VV Tsvetnov. M., Radio and Communications, 1986, pp. 212-215) and further through the ADF of RLS2 6 and ADF of PBU 3 arrive at RLS1 4 for appropriate management direction finding antenna RLS1 4.

RLS1, having switched to the control mode of its direction-finding antenna in angular coordinates from RLS2 5, continues to emit a radio-transmitting device for illuminating the target 9, providing operation in the passive mode of RLS2 5.

In order to correct the current angular coordinates of the target being tracked and eliminate the target’s angular errors when tracking the target in passive mode at the RPDU illumination frequency of one of the radar, it is advisable to periodically measure the current value of the distance to the target Дc relative to РЛс1 4 or РЛс2 5 with the help of the AISO of the corresponding radar system, since AIOIS have better tracking accuracy than continuous wave radar systems (see Perunov Yu.M., Fomichev K.I., Yudin L.M. Radioelectronic the introduction of information channels of weapon control systems. M., Radio Engineering, 2003, p. 200).

The determination of the current value of Dts1 or Dts2 is carried out with the short-term inclusion of one of the AIOIS radar stations with the capture and tracking of the target in range. The measured value of the distance to the target ДЦ, as well as the known value of the base of the system with the measured value of the current angle between them, allow one to determine or clarify the remaining parameters of the target’s coordinates relative to RLS1 4 or RLS2 5 according to one of the rules for the oblique triangle, thereby ensuring for PBU 1 the choice of " firing "system. In this case, each subsequent switching of the radiation of the AIOIS can be carried out at a new carrier frequency, the frequency of switching on the radiation, depending on the parameters of the target’s movement and the parameters of direction-finding antennas, can be several seconds.

In addition to eliminating or reducing current target sighting errors regarding RLS1 4 or RLS2 5, the short-term inclusion of AIOIS will significantly complicate the work of RTR and REP systems in the process of radar conflict.

для разнесенной системы и

для PЛc1 4 или РЛс2 5 при работе последних в штатных или «совмещенных» режимах. При этом для упрощения соотношений для определения соответствующих α_п можно считать коэффициент, учитывающий потери сигнала помехи из-за различия поляризационных характеристик антенн передатчика помех и подавляемой РЛс, равным единице. Кроме этого, можно из общих соотношений для определения α_п исключить коэффициент, учитывающий затухание сигналов в атмосфере, и коэффициент, учитывающий влияние подстилающей поверхности.The effectiveness index of increasing the noise immunity of the proposed diversity radar system is estimated by comparing the values of the suppression coefficients

for diversity system and

for PLC1 4 or RLS2 5 when the latter work in standard or “combined” modes. In this case, to simplify the relations for determining the corresponding α _p, we can consider the coefficient taking into account the loss of the interference signal due to the difference in the polarization characteristics of the antennas of the interference transmitter and the suppressed radar equal to unity. In addition, it is possible to exclude the coefficient taking into account the attenuation of signals in the atmosphere and the coefficient taking into account the influence of the underlying surface from the general relations for determining α _p .

и уровня сигнала помехи на входе приемника радиолокационной станции

следующие соотношения (см. Перунов Ю.М., Фомичев К.И., Юдин Л.М. Радиоэлектронное подавление информационных каналов систем управления оружием. М., Радиотехника, 2003 г., стр.46):Then, in the case of jamming the external cover, you can record for the power of the radar signal reflected from the target

and the level of the interference signal at the input of the receiver of the radar station

the following relationships (see Perunov Yu.M., Fomichev K.I., Yudin L.M. Radio-electronic suppression of information channels of weapon control systems. M., Radio engineering, 2003, p. 46):

where R _radar - transmitter power radar 2;

G · G _{radar, etc.} - the gain respectively transmitting and receiving antennas RLs2 toward the target; G can be considered _radar ≈G _etc. in this case;

σ _{C is the} equivalent scattering surface of the target;

- удаление цели от РЛс2;

- removal of the target from the radar;

P _nx is the power of the interference transmitter;

G _nx - gain of the transmitting antenna of the jammer in the direction of the radar;

G _pp (θ) is the gain of the receiving antenna RLS2 in the direction of the jammer;

- удаление постановщика помех от РЛс2;

- removal of the jammer from the radar;

λ is the wavelength.

и

.Given the uniformity of the complex radars included, we have similar relationships for

and

.

имеем:Given relations (1) and (2) for

we have:

и

имеемIn the case of the organization of an exploded radar system in which, for example, radar station 2 accompanies the target in a passive mode (without radiation), and radar station 1 with radiation in the direction of the target (or in the general case accompanying it), for

and

we have

where G _nx (θ) is the gain of the antenna of the jammer of the side lobes corresponding to the direction to RLS2 with the direction of the main beam to RLS1;

- удаление цели от РЛс1;

- removal of the target from radar1;

имеемGiven relations (4) and (5) for

we have

и

, получаемComparing the obtained values for the suppression factors

and

we get

и

определяются текущим положением цели и параметрами треугольника, в котором величина базы Б, а также ее пространственное положение являются известными. Так как обычно для разнесенных радиолокационных систем в составе мобильных ЗРК величина базы не превышает 20÷25 км, то и разница между значениями

и

будет также не слишком существенной, практически она всегда будет меньше величины значения базы. Следовательно, диапазон значений отношения

может лежать от нескольких десятых до 2…3 единиц.Difference between

and

are determined by the current position of the target and the parameters of the triangle in which the magnitude of the base B, as well as its spatial position are known. Since the base size usually does not exceed 20–25 km for diversity radar systems in mobile air defense systems, the difference between the values

and

it will also not be too significant, in practice it will always be less than the value of the base. Consequently, the range of relationship values

may lie from a few tenths to 2 ... 3 units.

также уменьшится на указанное значение по сравнению с величиной коэффициента подавления

, т.е. на 20÷25 дБ.The ratio G _nx / G _nx (θ) characterizes the relative level of the side lobes of the transmitting antenna of the jammer in the direction of the RLS2 operating in the passive mode. Therefore, taking into account the fact that when suppressing an air defense radar system, the ratio G _nx / G _nx (θ) is usually not less than 20 ... 25 dB for the second or third side lobes of the antenna radiation pattern, the suppression coefficient

also decreases by the specified value compared to the value of the suppression coefficient

, i.e. 20 ÷ 25 dB.

Thus, the introduction of new devices into the radar systems of the mobile anti-aircraft missile system and new communications to ensure the functioning of these newly introduced devices will allow organizing an exploded radar system in the passive mode (without radiation) of one radar system and with compulsory control in the direction of the direction-finding antenna and radiation the second, which allowed to reduce the suppression coefficient of the radar system in the conditions of setting active interference, I’m working s target tracking mode and forced control operation of the second radar system 20 ... 25 dB.

Additional advantages of the proposed technical solution include the following features:

• flexible adaptation at the choice of specific radar systems for working in passive and active modes depending on the current location of the target, jammer and means of the complex;

• organization of a periodic change of functions when operating in active or passive modes in order to reduce the duration of radiation of a specific radar system of the complex and, as a result, increase the likelihood of not being hit by its anti-radar weapons.

Claims (1)

An exploded radar system for detecting, tracking and highlighting targets, comprising a digital computer system of a combat control station, the input / output of which is connected via a bus via data transmission and reception equipment of a combat control center with two single-position radar systems, each of which contains data transmission and reception equipment, digital computing system, equipment for radiation and processing of a pulse signal, direction-finding antenna, radio transmission device for illuminating the target and the system automatic tracking of the target in the direction, while the second input-output of the equipment for receiving and transmitting data from the single-position radar system is connected by a bus to the first input-output by the digital computer system of the single-position radar system, and the first output of the digital computer system is connected to the input of the radio-transmitting target illumination device, the second output digital computing system of a single-position radar system is connected to the input of the radiation equipment and processing the pulse signal a, and the second input-output of the digital computing system is connected to the second input-output of the automatic target tracking system in the direction, the output of the radiation and pulse signal processing equipment is connected to the first input of the target automatic tracking system, the output of the target automatic tracking system is connected to the first input of the direction-finding antenna, to the second input of which the output of the radio-transmitting target illumination device is connected, the input-output of the direction-finding antenna is connected to the output and output of the radiation and pulse signal processing equipment, the second input-output of the data receiving and transmitting equipment of the combat control point connected to the bus with the input-output of the first single-position radar system, and the third input-output of the equipment of transmitting and receiving data of the combat control point the first input-output of the equipment for receiving and transmitting data of the second single-position radar system, characterized in that a waveguide sum is introduced into each single-position radar system nano-difference system, three-channel continuous signal receiving device, first, second and third phase detectors, local oscillator, reference signal generating apparatus and an additional antenna, an additional antenna output is connected to the first input of the reference signal generating apparatus, to the second input of which a second local oscillator output is connected, the first output of the local oscillator is connected to the fourth input of a three-channel radio receiving device of a continuous signal, the input of the local oscillator is connected to the output of the receiving-trans data transmitters, the outputs of the apparatus for generating the reference signal are connected to the first inputs of the first, second, and third phase detectors, the first, second and third outputs of a three-channel radio receiving device of a continuous signal are connected to the second input, the output of the direction-finding antenna is connected to the input of the waveguide sum-difference system, the first , the second and third outputs of which are connected respectively with the first, second and third inputs of a three-channel radio receiving device, the outputs of the first, second and third phase x detectors are connected to the second, third and fourth inputs of the automatic target tracking system in the direction.