RU2370246C2 - Device for vision training and correction "constanta" - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: device has two oculars for eyes and diaphragm. It also contains body with two light channels isolated from each other and screen with two symmetrical similar images. Diaphragm is made with two similar openings, centres of oculars, openings in diaphragm and conventional centre of image on the screen being located on each of two crossing axial lines, on which two fixed optical axes of the device, coinciding with optical axes of eyes are made.

EFFECT: application of claimed device will allow to eliminate onset of anomalous work of eyeball muscles in patient in future.

7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of ophthalmology, and in particular to devices for training and correcting the vision of people with developing hyperopia.

It is known that the eye has the shape of a ball with a diameter of 2.5 mm. It can easily rotate around a vertical axis (right - left), horizontal (up - down), and also move along an axis that coincides with the optical axis of the eye.

There are three main shells of the eyeball: sclera - the outer shell; vascular - the middle membrane; the retina is the inner shell. The sclera has a white color with a milky tint, except for the front part - a transparent cornea. The vascular membrane is penetrated by blood vessels, through which blood enters the tissues of the eye for nutrition. Directly under the cornea, the choroid passes into the iris. In its center is the pupil. Behind the iris there is a crystalline lens, similar to a biconvex lens, which captures the light from the observed object when it passes through the pupil and focuses it on the retina. Around the lens, the choroid forms the ciliary body, in which there is a muscle that regulates the curvature of the lens, the so-called ciliary muscle. The retina has nerve endings and a yellow spot on its surface, on which the clearest images from the observed subject appear. The retina first receives light energy, processes it, and transforms it into irritation, in which information about what the eye sees is programmed. This information through the optic nerve enters the cerebral cortex, where the irritation is analyzed and synthesized, as a result of the interpolation of the perceived image. The eye has three pairs of periocular muscles: one pair of oblique muscles encircling the eyeball and, if necessary, compressing it across, and two pairs of rectus muscles.

If for any reason the oblique muscles are spasmodic or weaken, myopia develops. When the external rectus muscles overexert or the internal rectus muscles weaken, farsightedness appears. The eye has an optical and visual axis. With hyperopia, the visual axis is shorter than the optical axis.

In the book “Vision Improvement”, ophthalmologist Uljam G. Bates noted: “Most ophthalmologists seem to have assured themselves that the last word on refraction (refraction of light rays in the optical system of the eye) has already been said. According to their theory, the word is disheartening. Today, almost everyone suffers from some form of refraction anomaly. They are trying to convince us that for such visual impairments, which are not only inconvenient, but often painful and dangerous, there is no way and no mitigating measures, except for those optical crutches that we know as glasses. They assure us that in modern conditions of life there are practically no practical measures. ”

To eliminate the inconvenience associated with visual defects, official ophthalmology recommends glasses as a device for correcting vision, and surgical intervention as a method. ”

Glasses are eyepieces (eyeglass frames) with lenses of various shapes installed in them (convex, concave, astigmatic). A huge number of people wear glasses and their number is increasing every year, despite the shortcomings they have. The disadvantage of glasses is that they do not cure poor eyesight, but only easily and quickly eliminate its defects. William G. Bates, in his book Improving Vision Without Glasses, noted: “Glasses have always been harmful, large or small. Even the best of them never improve their eyesight. ” The fact that glasses should be harmful to the eyes is obvious from the fact. A person cannot see through them if he does not have the degree of refraction anomaly, which the glasses must correct. However, refractive errors in the eye, which is left to itself, are never permanent. Therefore, if a person provides good vision with concave, convex, or astigmatic lenses, this means that he maintains a constantly certain degree of refraction anomaly, which under other conditions would not persist. The only result of this situation should be expected deterioration. This usually happens.

Other disadvantages of glasses include the fact that they narrow the field of view, as well as difficulties in keeping the glasses clean. On wet and rainy days, glasses are covered with drops of moisture, on hot days - sweat leads to the same result. On cold days, they often mist over breath moisture. Every day they are so often contaminated with moisture, dust, fingerprints from accidental hand touches that they rarely allow you to see objects without any interference.

REFRACTION - the refractive power of the optical system of the eye. This refractive power is measured by a conventional unit - diopter.

REFRACTION ANOMALY - deviation of the refractive power of the optical system of the eye from the norm.

(L.Hyubel “Eye, brain, vision”, M .: “World”, 1980,

Hive G. Bates "Improving Vision Without Glasses."

Hive G. Bates "Improving Vision".)

A device for the diagnosis and treatment of abnormalities of refraction, accommodation and fusion, which contains two eyepieces for the eyes and a diaphragm (RU 2089141 C1, 09/10/1997).

The authors of the present proposed invention found it unethical to subject to any assessment the useful properties of the above device, because The device has been thoroughly tested and approved by specialists and medical equipment experts. However, there are other methods and principles for improving people's vision. Many useful methods for improving vision without glasses are presented in the book by William H. Bates, "Improving Vision Without Glasses." The implementation of some methods of improving vision is achieved through the use in the treatment and diagnosis of various devices. The effectiveness of the use of these devices can only be evaluated after they have been comprehensively and repeatedly tested by ophthalmologists.

The objective of the invention is to develop a device that allows for training and vision correction to affect the muscles of the eyeball, in order to eliminate further their abnormal work. Figure 1 shows the inventive device for training and vision correction (device): Overall dimensions: (650 × 250 × 350) mm.

1 - eyepieces (2 pcs.);

2 - housing with two light channels;

3 - diaphragm with two identical holes;

4 - screen with two symmetrical identical images pos.6,

5 - base.

The device in figure 1 has two eyepieces for the eyes and the diaphragm, contains a body with two light channels isolated from each other, and a screen with two symmetrical identical images, while the diaphragm is made with two identical holes, and the centers of the eyepiece, holes in the diaphragm and the conditional center of the image on the screen is located on each of two intersecting axial lines on which two fixed axes of the device are made, coinciding with the central fossa of the eyes. The eyepieces of pos. 1 are hollow tubes without optical elements.

The case pos.2 with two light channels isolated from each other, contains at the ends of the elements for mounting the eyepieces pos.1 and the diaphragm pos.3. The diaphragm position 3 is shown in figure 2 and has two identical holes with a diameter of 6 mm The screen pos.4 is shown in figure 3 and has two symmetrical identical images pos.6 (dark circles with a diameter of 4 mm). Figure 4 shows the location of the optical and visual axes of the eyes at farsightedness.

7 - eyeballs (2 pcs.);

8 - the visual axis;

9 - optical axis;

10 - subject under consideration.

Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of the location of the optical axis of the eyes during training and vision correction using the inventive device. The optical axis of pos. 8 of the right eye through the right eyepiece 1 and the right hole in the diaphragm 3 is directed to the center of the left circle of the screen 4. The optical axis of pos. 8 of the left eye through the left eyepiece 1 and the left hole in the diaphragm 3 is directed to the center of the right circle of the screen 4. With the direction of the optical axes shown in Fig. 5, pos.8, the centers of the eyepiece pos.1, the holes in the diaphragm pos.3 and the circle on the screen pos.4 are located on each of two intersecting axial lines. 6 shows brain-perceived images.

11 - image of the left circle of the screen 4;

12 - image of the right circle of the screen 4;

13 is a combined image of the left and right circles of the screen 4;

14 is an intermediate image of the left circle of the screen 4;

15 is an intermediate image of the right circle of the screen 4;

16 - perceived by the brain screen image pos.4.

The fulfillment of the task of the present invention is achieved by using the fusion ability of the brain to merge two identical images from both retinas into a single image with their subsequent fixation.

A necessary condition for the fusion process to occur when viewing one or two identical objects with both eyes at the same time is the presence of central fixation of images on both retinas, i.e. combination of visual and optical axes. With farsightedness, when the optical axis of the eyes is longer than the visual one, the specified condition is not fulfilled and the visible image when viewing the object from a close distance is blurry (fuzzy) and image fusion does not occur.

The location of the eyepiece pos.1, the holes in the diaphragm pos.3 and the circle on the screen pos.4 on each of the two intersecting axial lines in the device created two fixed optical axis. These axes coincide with the optical axes of the eyes when viewing circles on the screen pos.4 through the eyepieces pos.1. Central fixation on the retina of the eyes of two identical images spaced horizontally at a certain distance from each other, causes contractions of the muscles of the eyes, which are responsible for combining the optical and visual axes. When combining the visual and optical axes of the eyes (the presence of central fixation of images on the retina), there is a contraction of the internal rectus muscles of each eyeball and a partial lengthening of the external rectus muscles of the eyes. With repeated repetitions of central fixation of the images with relaxation of the eye muscles, the contracting muscles of the eyes intensify and the external rectus muscles remain elongated, which leads to the ability of the eyes to maintain the combined state of the visual and optical axes of the eyes when viewing the subject at close range.

A person with normal vision and a person suffering from myopia when viewing circles on the screen pos.4 through the eyepieces pos.1 devices will see with their eyes a completely different picture. A person suffering from myopia will see the image pos. 11, 12 (see Fig.6).

A person with normal vision will see a combined image pos.13 (see Fig.6). In this position, the central fixation of images is carried out.

A person who has started training and vision correction, but has not reached a normal state, will see the images pos. 14, 15 (see Fig.6).

Figure 7 shows the location of the optical and visual axes of the eyes of a person with restored normal vision when examining one object with two eyes at a time.

CENTRAL FIXATION means the ability to see better what we are looking at than what is around. This is due to the presence of a point of maximum sensitivity on the retina, called the central fossa. She is the place of the most acute vision. FUSION is a fusion in the cerebral cortex of two images from both retinas into a single stereoscopic picture.

FUSIONAL ABILITY - the ability to merge two images from both retinas into a single binocular image in the cerebral cortex.

The advantage of the claimed device is the possibility of its use for correcting vision, as well as for training certain muscles of the eyes necessary to maintain good vision for a long time.

For experimental verification, a vision correction was made to one of the authors of the proposed invention - a pensioner, born in 1939. Vision 06/06 restored to normal.

The authors warn that training and vision correction at the initial stage should be carried out with a frequency of not more than 1 time per week and only under the supervision of a specialist.

Claims (1)

A device for training and vision correction, having two eyepieces for the eyes and the diaphragm, characterized in that it contains a housing with two light channels isolated from each other, and a screen with two symmetrical identical images, while the diaphragm is made with two identical holes, and the centers the eyepiece, the holes in the diaphragm and the conditional center of the image on the screen are located on each of two intersecting axial lines on which two fixed optical axes of the device are made, coinciding with the optical axes of the eyes.

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