RU2363813C1 - Method for production of floating base - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to construction, in particular to foundations arranged as floating for facilities erection on them. Method for production of floating base, moreover, this foundation is made of multiple joined foundation elements. At first previously formed floating elements of blocks are delivered together with rigid concrete elements in the form of plate. Afterwards multiple floating elements and multiple rigid concrete elements are joined together with stressing on ground or vessel sailing in water, in which each foundation element is assembled from floating elements and rigid concrete elements joined together in this manner. Afterwards foundation elements assembled from joined floating elements and rigid concrete elements are placed on water from ground or from vessel sailing in water. Afterwards multiple foundation elements formed in this manner are joined together to form floating base. After that concrete floor is arranged on joined foundation elements for fixation of floating elements in position relative to rigid concrete elements.

EFFECT: lower labour intensiveness and material intensity, higher reliability of floating foundation structure.

8 cl, 16 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a method for producing a floating base, which base consists of a plurality of base elements connected together. A floating base in accordance with the invention is particularly suitable for housing at least a building, such as a house, a number of buildings or an office building, and / or any other structure, such as an airfield or soccer field, restaurant, Hotel, church, garden or park.

State of the art

It should be noted that the need for floating areas for buildings intended for use as a base structure, in particular for buildings, squares, roads and landscaping areas, is increasing worldwide. In particular, the need for space for construction located in close proximity to cities, etc., is increasing. The essential point is that the floating areas for development should be stable and, therefore, should not exhibit any unacceptable movement, such as rolling over during rough seas.

Such a method is known from US Pat. No. 5,044,296 (Finn). The known method uses floating modules connected together, in particular for assembling a dock. Each of these floating modules is constructed from a foam block ("Styrofoam" (extruded polystyrene foam)), which is coated with a protective coating to prevent water from entering the foam. On the upper side of each floating module, in addition, a coating layer is provided consisting of fiberglass reinforced concrete. Rods protruding from the blocks perform the function of connecting to adjacent modules.

One of the drawbacks of the method disclosed in the aforementioned US patent publication is that floating modules are constructed using a laborious and complex process, while the materials used are not always freely available anywhere on the Earth. In this regard, the above method in accordance with the prior art has limited applicability.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, and in particular, it proposes an inexpensive and simple method for producing a stable base that floats on water, in which the base is assembled from a plurality of simple base elements flexibly connected together.

To achieve this, the method mentioned in the introductory part is characterized in that floating elements and rigid elements are first supplied, after which a plurality of floating elements and a plurality of rigid elements are connected together, in which each base element is assembled from floating elements and rigid elements connected together in this way, after which a plurality of base elements thus formed are joined together to form a floating base. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that it is based on the use of base elements, which (i) are made of modules that can be produced at low cost anywhere in the world and which are easy to transport and combine, and which (ii) are connected together state, form a stable floating base. The base elements can be flexibly connected together so that the floating base can have any desired shape and size.

Accordingly, preformed floating and rigid elements are used in the present invention, and a quality mark is preferably provided on both types of these elements. Thus, it is possible to ensure in advance that the calculated minimum rigidity of the floating base will be equal to the rigidity of the floating base, which is put into practice. For each construction project, the required number of floating and rigid elements, with the required dimensions of said floating and rigid elements, are determined in advance. In this case, local concrete pouring is not required to form the base elements. In fact, in those cases in which concrete is poured in advance, it is impossible to determine in advance what rigidity of the installed floating base will be realized. In addition, pouring concrete has the disadvantage that concrete can be wasted, with all subsequent environmental damage, while construction, in addition, depends on all types of meteorological conditions in this case.

In one preferred embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, floating elements and rigid elements are connected together on the ground. In another preferred embodiment, the floating elements and the rigid elements are joined together on a vessel that floats on water, such as an auxiliary vessel or a pontoon. More specifically, a flat platform is first formed on the ground or on the ship, after which the floating elements and rigid elements are joined together on the said platform. Therefore, the aforementioned platform, which performs the function of the base surface, is prefabricated on the ground or on the ship. The bulk concrete floor is very suitable for use as a flat platform. In this regard, in the first preferred embodiment, the invention is based on the idea that the combination of floating elements and rigid elements, that is, the assembly of floating base elements ("modules") from them, is carried out on land, which eliminates time-consuming, time-consuming and dangerous work on water during this phase. In another second preferred embodiment, the connection of the floating elements and the rigid elements takes place on a vessel that floats on water, such as the aforementioned auxiliary vessel or pontoon.

In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the floating elements and the rigid elements are connected together with the voltage. As a result of the aforementioned stress, a friction surface is formed between the floating elements, on the one hand, and the rigid elements, on the other hand. As a result of this, the base elements assembled in this way remain rigid, up to the application of a given, permissible load (i.e. voltage), and, therefore, they can be transported to water without any problems. Thus, a floating base made up of base elements has a guaranteed minimum rigidity, which allows it to constantly act as a base structure that does not submerge under water, in particular, for building a building on it.

In another preferred embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, the rod is first passed through the floating elements and rigid elements, and then tension is created by tightening the nuts on the rod. In another preferred embodiment, a strip is first installed around the floating elements and the rigid elements, after which a voltage is applied to tension the strip or create a preliminary tension using the “screw clamp method”.

In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, base elements assembled from floating elements and rigid elements joined together are mounted on water from land or from a vessel that floats on water. The base elements, in particular, are lifted into the water from land or from a ship, for example, using a crane. In accordance with another possible embodiment, the base elements are pushed into the water with gliding from the vessel. Such a preferred embodiment comprises an initial phase in which floating elements and rigid elements are combined to form base elements (preferably with stress, i.e. using friction between floating elements and rigid elements) on land or on board the vessel, and a final phase in which the floating the base is / was composed of the base elements joined together in water. Preferably, on the floating base after its assembly, fixation means are provided to prevent the floating elements from separating from one base element or from several base elements in the event that the voltage mentioned above decreases after some time. It should be noted that such a fixing means may be provided on individual base elements or on a plurality of base elements located adjacent to each other. Such a fixing means, in particular, is a rigid top plate, such as a bulk concrete floor or a composite wooden, plastic or metal floor.

In another preferred embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, the floating elements are in the form of blocks. More specifically, the floating elements are made of expanded polystyrene (hereinafter abbreviated "EPS", (EPS)), also referred to in practice as "styropor".

In another preferred embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, the rigid elements are made in the form of plates. Rigid elements are preferably made of concrete. In another preferred embodiment, the rigid elements are composed of laminated wood, steel, aluminum or plastic.

In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, base elements adjacent to each other are joined together on water by inserting protrusions of the rigid elements of one base element extending outward into corresponding grooves in the rigid elements of another, adjacent base element. This is explained in more detail below in the description of the drawings.

In another preferred embodiment of the method in accordance with the invention, fixation means is provided on the base elements connected together on the water for fixing the floating elements in a certain position relative to the rigid elements. As already noted above, the fixing means is preferably made as a rigid upper plate, such as a concrete floor.

The invention also relates to a floating base composed of a plurality of base elements connected together, characterized in that each base element was assembled of a plurality of floating elements and rigid elements connected together with tension (and using friction).

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which Figs. 1-16 show successive steps of a preferred embodiment of a method for manufacturing a floating base in accordance with the invention.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the elements from which the components of each base element are formed, that is, floating elements in the form of EPS blocks 1, rigid elements formed by concrete plates or slabs 2, as well as rods and nuts, collectively denoted by reference numeral 3. These components are easily accessible and easily transported, for example, by truck.

Figure 2 shows the first stage of production of a floating base, that is, the molding of a flat platform or abutment surface 4 on the ground. It can be done by pouring a flat concrete floor on the ground or by laying a flat floor of wood or plastic on the ground. You can use a flat floor consisting of rubble stone or sand laid on the ground. The flat platform 4 performs the function of eliminating excessive height variations between the EPS units 1 and the concrete plates or slabs 2 when the above-mentioned elements are joined together to form the base elements for the floating base.

In the second and third stage (FIGS. 2 and 3), concrete plates 2 (slabs) are placed on a flat platform 4 so that between their narrow longitudinal sides there remains an open gap 5 between the respective plates (FIG. 2). Then block 1 EPS placed in each gap 5 (figure 3). As a result, concrete plates (slabs) 2 and EPS unit 1 are installed alternately (in the horizontal direction). In principle, it is also possible to lay concrete plates 2 (slabs) and EPS block 1 on top of each other in the vertical direction.

Figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 show the fourth stage in which the concrete plates 2 and the EPS blocks 1 of figure 3 are connected together with the application of voltage. To this end, a bar or rod 6, for example, made of stainless steel, is inserted into pre-drilled holes (not shown) in concrete plates (slabs) 2 and EPS blocks 1, after which the nuts 7, mounted on both sides of the whole structure, are tightened to create at least the rated stress, thus creating the required frictional stress on the contact surfaces of the rigid elements and floating elements. Thus, a stressed base element 8 is obtained (FIG. 7). Stress, i.e. friction between the concrete plates 2 (plates) in the base element 8, on the one hand, and the EPS blocks 1 in the base element 8, on the other hand, provides (i) the required rigidity of the base element 8, as a result of which the base element can transport (for example, lift or drag) with sliding into water as an independent "module", and (ii) the stiffness required to temporarily hold the base elements 8 together on the water. After pouring the concrete floor 17 on the individual base elements 8 or together on several base elements, the above-mentioned stress (i.e., friction between the elements 1, 2 in the base elements 8 (“modules”)) is no longer required. In fact, the concrete floor 17 in this case provides the necessary rigidity. In the unlikely event that the above-mentioned voltage is completely or partially lost after some time, the concrete floor 17 prevents the separation of the EPS units 1 from one base element or several base elements. Concrete floor 17 performs the function of the fixing element in this case, holding the blocks 1 EPS in place.

On Fig and 9 shows the fifth stage of the method by which the element 8 of the base, which was built on the ground, is raised with the installation on the water from the ground using a crane.

Figure 10-16 shows the following stages in which the floating base is assembled by connecting the base elements 8 located next to each other, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The base elements 8 are preferably laid on the water with alternating in the longitudinal direction and in transverse direction (figures 10 and 11). The connection together adjacent to each other of the base elements 8 is carried out by installing the protrusions 11 of the concrete plates 2 of one base element 8 in the grooves 12 in the concrete plates 2 of the other base element 8 and then installing the fixing pins 13 vertically in the protrusions 11 (figure 10, 11 and 12). 13 shows the laying of pipes 14 (for example, water pipes, electric lines, sewer pipes) in the base elements 8 connected together, the pipes 14 being installed in the channels 15 milled in place in the concrete plates 2 and the EPS blocks 1 of the base elements 8 . It is possible to use preformed channels 15 or holes. Finally, the reinforcing mesh 16 is laid on top of the floating base, after which the concrete floor 17 is poured (Figs. 14 and 15). Before pouring concrete, a formwork is placed around the base 18. The floating base (indicated by 19 in FIG. 16) is now ready to function as a floating base structure for functional structures of all kinds, such as one or more buildings, landscaping areas, infrastructure elements ( roads, railway lines, etc.), airfields, sports fields, etc. The floating base 19 is very stable in the sense that it practically does not exhibit any movement of the side roll during waves, if any.

It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, but it also extends to other preferred embodiments that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Thus, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that blocks 1 and plates 2 can have any desired shape and dimensions and need not be made of EPS and concrete, respectively, it being understood that floating material and rigid material should be used, respectively . In this context, the term floating material should be understood as a material having a specific gravity of less than or equal to 1 g / cm ³ . In addition, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that blocks 1 and plates 2 need not be mounted on water in the presented configuration, but that any desired structure is possible. Finally, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that instead of the concrete floor 17, any fixation means that hold the floating elements in place can be used when the stress is at least partially lost, for example, a rigid top plate made of wood, metal or plastics.

Claims (8)

1. A method of manufacturing a floating base, and this base is made of many connected together base elements, characterized in that
(a) pre-formed floating block elements and rigid plate-shaped concrete elements are first supplied; then
(b) a plurality of floating elements and a plurality of rigid concrete elements are connected together with stresses on the ground or on a ship that floats on water, in which each base element is assembled from floating elements and rigid concrete elements connected together in this manner; then
(c) base elements assembled from floating elements and rigid concrete elements joined together shall be placed into the water from the ground or from a vessel that floats on water; then
(d) a plurality of base elements thus formed are joined together to form a floating base; then
(e) a concrete floor is formed on the base elements connected together on the water to fix the floating elements in position with respect to the relatively rigid concrete elements. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which first on the ground or on the ship form a flat platform, after which the floating elements and rigid concrete elements are connected together on the specified platform. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein said platform consists of a concrete floor formed on the ground or on the ship. 4. The method according to claims 1, 2 or 3, in which, first, a strip is installed around the floating elements and rigid concrete elements, after which a voltage is applied by tensioning the strip. 5. The method according to claim 1, in which the rod is first passed through floating elements and rigid concrete elements, after which voltage is applied by tightening the nuts on the rod. 6. The method according to claim 1, in which the elements of the base are raised for installation on water. 7. The method according to claim 1, in which the base elements are installed next to each other, connected together on water by installing protrusions of the hard concrete elements of one base element extending outward into corresponding grooves in the hard concrete elements of another adjacent base element. 8. The method according to claim 1, in which the floating elements are at least essentially made of EPS.

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