RU2348762C1 - Device for cleaning of water bodies from uliginous depositions and procurement of sapropel (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions pertains to the sphere of hydraulic cleaning of ponds from uliginous depositions including procurement of sapropel. Device for cleaning of water bodies from ulignious depositions including procurement of sapropel according to the first version includes dredging equipped with immersible dredging pump having, at least, one sucker connected with the back wall of the dredger made in the shape of horizontally moving scraper scoop. Whereat scoop is equipped with inlet mesh - knife, at least, one vibrator is arranged inside the scoop in the suction area prior to the sucker. According to the second version, the device contains dredging equipped with immersible dredging pump connected by the sucker with the back wall of the dredging device made in the shape of horizontally moving scraper scoop equipped with inlet mesh. Whereat, mixer set on the pump rotation axis is arranged inside the scoop in the suction area, and bending angle of the upper wall of the scoop to the horizon is determined by the width of the cut soil. The distance between the inlet mesh - knife and the back wall of the scoop is selected so to prevent spontaneous suction of free water.

EFFECT: ensured fluidity of the pulp with natural humidity, sufficient for its stable (uniform) suction by dredging pump without dilution with outside water.

12 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydromechanized cleaning of water bodies from silty sediments, including the extraction of sapropel.

Known dredging projectiles (dredgers), equipped with submersible hydraulic submersible pumps, for example, manufactured by AquaMaster (www.aquamec.ru/equipment.html Finland). The submersible soil pump is connected through the suction pipe to the soil sampling device and ensures the suction and transportation of pulp (hydraulic mixtures). Dredging devices for excavation (the dredger has several removable dredging devices) are made either in the form of a narrow horizontal bucket with a screw-ripper located in front of the bucket entrance, or in the form of a vertically located cutter in front of the pump suction pipe. In both cases, before the pulp is sucked, the soil is loosened and mixed with water, as a result of which a suspension cloud appears in the water in the bottom zone, and the pulp enters the pump with a density much lower than the density of the developed mud by mixing it with water.

A device for cleaning water bodies and extracting sapropel is described in patent RU No. 2256035 (Е02F 5/28). This device includes a watercraft (dredger) with a working body containing a soil collection device (GDU), made in the form of a bell-shaped body with a sawtooth edging in the lower part, with at least two pipelines for supplying compressed air and a discharge suction pipe mounted in it, with a turbofan in the upper part. Due to the fact that the soil sampling device is made in the form of a bell-shaped body that can only move and dive into the sapropel vertically, the development of the sapropel deposit will be carried out by the so-called vertical-stem method with all its inherent disadvantages.

With the vertical introduction of the body into the thickness of the sapropel, it moves down and forms a hollow vertical cylindrical barrel filled with water above it, because Sapropel, unlike other silty sediments, has a very high structural viscosity and therefore does not flow in its natural composition. Over time, the walls between empty trunks become saturated with free water, lose their stability and creep, which leads to an increase in the natural humidity of sapropel the next time the dredger enters. The operation of this device will occur in cyclic mode, which significantly reduces the production rate. Raising the bell-shaped body from the trunk will lead to the formation of a cloud of suspension, which will upset the ecological balance in the aquosphere of the lake.

A device for the extraction and processing of sapropel is described in patent RU No. 2233821 C2 (7 C05F 7/00), where the soil pump is placed in an airtight capsule mounted on the lower end of a hollow vertically oriented rod, and the sapropel intake zone is limited by a U-shaped box covering the pump in order to limit the capture of free water from the reservoir. Due to the fact that sapropel has a high structural viscosity, the operation of this intake device is possible only with its vertical movement in the sapropel deposit with the formation of vertical trunks of rectangular cross section. Therefore, this device has all the disadvantages indicated for the device according to patent RU No. 2256035.

A device for cleaning mud ponds is known, manufactured by the Italian company PNEUMA and described in its catalog and on the website www.pneuma.it and www.pneuma.lv. It contains a soil intake device (GDU), made in the form of a scraper bucket, equipped with a fixed mesh knife at the inlet and attached by means of three suction pipes to the immersion chambers of a pneumatic chamber pump (PCN) moving horizontally. The bucket carries out soil collection by horizontal separation of a certain volume of silt from the massif (deposits) for the subsequent suction of the pulp through the suction nozzles located in the rear wall of the bucket. With increased structural viscosity of silty rock (clay mud, for example, or sapropel) to ensure stable (uniform) absorption, the developed rock is liquefied by mixing it with water. Water can be absorbed from the outside, both through the front mesh opening of the bucket and through the valves in the bucket body, as well as by forcing it into the bucket through nozzles mounted on the walls of the bucket. In this case, the density of the absorbed slurry decreases, its fluidity increases, the viscosity decreases, and the pulp is absorbed by a steady stream.

This device is characterized by strong dilution of sapropel in the bucket, which leads to a complex and lengthy dehydration process, significantly lengthening the yield of sapropel with marketable moisture (60%) and degrading the quality of the target product. Sustained absorption of sapropel with a natural humidity of 90-100% is complicated by its high viscosity and lack of fluidity.

The technical task of the present invention is to provide a soil intake device of such a design that would ensure the fluidity of the pulp with natural humidity, sufficient for its stable (uniform) suction by the soil pump without dilution with external water.

The technical problem is solved by the fact that a device for cleaning ponds from silt deposits and sapropel production is proposed, including a suction pump equipped with a submersible soil pump having at least one suction pipe connected to the rear wall of the soil sampling device, made in the form of a scraper bucket and installed with the possibility of horizontal movement, in which, according to the invention, the bucket is equipped with an input grid-knife, and inside the bucket in the suction zone in front of the suction pipe n, at least one vibrator.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that silty deposits (sapropel) having natural moisture, reduce their structural viscosity and become fluid due to the vibration effect to which they are exposed in the bucket, passing through the vibration zone created by at least one vibrator in the zone suction.

Creating a vibration zone in the bucket ensures the extraction of sapropel with humidity close to natural (90-100%), without diluting it with water before suction, which significantly reduces the drying process of the pulp to obtain the finished sapropel and significantly improves the quality of the resulting product. Due to the fact that the horizontal speed of the bucket is very small and amounts to only 1-3 m / min, and the radius of the vibrator is 0.5-1.0 m, sapropel, passing through the bucket, is exposed to vibration to a sufficient degree and before it is sucked goes into a superfluid state, thereby ensuring the fluidity necessary for stable absorption and filling of the chambers with sapropel.

Experiments conducted in a number of leading laboratories of the research institute have shown that substances, including highly concentrated hydraulic mixtures with high density and structural viscosity, are able to go into a state of superfluidity and lose their structural viscosity hundreds of times under the action of vibration. Vibration can weaken and even disrupt the intermolecular forces of attraction of colloidal particles (sapropel is a purely colloidal system), weaken the forces of attraction of Vander-Waals and thereby ensure the fluidity of the colloid without diluting it with external water.

Moreover, depending on the particle size distribution and physical properties of the structured liquid (colloid), the vibration effect can be effective in a different range of vibrations.

The necessary frequency of oscillations can be ensured by the use of both mechanical vibrators and, for example, piezoelectric emitters providing a vibration effect, for example, in the frequency range of 6–20 KHz.

The main idea of the invention is that in order to extract sapropel with humidity close to natural (90-100%), the author proposes not to dilute the sapropel with water in the bucket before it is sucked in, but to expose the sapropel coming into the bucket to vibration exposure by placing inside the bucket of the head of the deep vibrator. Due to the fact that the horizontal speed of the bucket is very small and amounts to only 1-3 m / min, and the radius of the vibrator is 0.5-1.0 m, sapropel, passing through the bucket, is exposed to vibration to a sufficient degree and before it is sucked goes into a superfluid state, thereby ensuring the fluidity necessary for stable absorption and filling of the chambers with sapropel.

It is advisable in the area of the vibrator to place the side walls of the bucket in the form of a cone. This will ensure a uniform inflow of sapropelic mass entering the bucket as it moves horizontally to the suction pipe (s) and will eliminate the possibility of the sapropelic mass getting stuck in the bucket and breaking free water from the outside.

It is preferable to mount one pump nozzle in each of the side walls of the bucket and install the named vibrator at the point of intersection of the three axes of the suction nozzles equidistant from the three side walls. This will allow during the operation of the PKN submersible pump (pneumatic chamber pump), which sucks three chambers sequentially through three corresponding nozzles, to produce uniform (stable) suction of the hydraulic mixture by each of the three suction nozzles.

It is advisable to prevent spontaneous absorption of free water into the bucket to make the bucket elongated towards the capture of sapropel, that is, to adjust the distance between the input grid and the rear wall of the bucket. To regulate the thickness of the cut soil, that is, providing the role of a compensator, it is desirable to perform the upper wall of the bucket inclined to the horizon. Since the bottom surface has irregularities and the level mark of the top of the cut bottom soil varies, the slope of the upper wall of the bucket allows you to compensate for these fluctuations in such a way as to prevent breakthrough of free water to the suction pipe through the thickness of the cut layer of soil. The higher the fluctuation of the bottom marks, the greater should be the angle of inclination of the upper wall of the bucket to the horizon, but should not exceed 45%, because a further increase in the angle of inclination will lead to increased resistance of the bucket to move forward.

It is advisable to install a removable bucket inlet mesh. The mesh knife is installed to prevent large impurities from entering the pump. As a rule, the maximum mesh cell size (mesh diagonal) should not exceed 1/3 of the diameter of the suction pipe. To improve the service of the vibrator placed inside the bucket, the mesh knife is preferably made removable.

To exclude vibration and fluidity of the rock outside the bucket and to ensure uniform suction, it is desirable to install the vibrator at the point of intersection of the axes of the suction nozzles equidistant from the two side and rear walls of the bucket.

The technical problem is also solved by the fact that a device for cleaning ponds from mud deposits and sapropel production is proposed, including a suction pump equipped with a submersible soil pump connected by a suction pipe to the rear wall of the soil sampling device, made in the form of a scraper bucket, equipped with an input mesh and installed with the possibility of horizontal movement, in which, according to the invention, inside the bucket in the suction zone in front of the suction pipe there is a mixer mounted on and pump rotation.

It is preferable to place the mixer in the suction zone, equidistant from the side walls of the bucket, for a uniform vibration effect on the produced soil.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that silty deposits (sapropel) having natural moisture are subjected to mechanical rotational action of the mixer, which acts as a vibrator, which violates or breaks the structural viscosity of the rock entering the bucket, thereby ensuring fluidity and easy absorption by the soil pump through suction pipe.

It is advisable to use a centrifugal pump with a hydraulic drive as a submersible soil pump, which is desirable (to reduce pressure losses at the suction) to be placed immediately behind the rear wall of the bucket or at a short distance (on a short suction pipe).

The proposed device is shown in the drawings, in which according to the invention:

figure 1. schematically depicts a dredger with a PKN pump (pneumatic chamber pump), equipped with a GZU (soil intake device) in the form of a scraper bucket, making horizontal cutting of bottom soil.

figa, 2b, 2c schematically depicts the GDU (soil intake device) in the form of a scraper bucket equipped with a vibrator, to work with the pump PKN (pneumatic chamber pump).

figa, 3b, 3c schematically depicts the GZU (soil intake device) in the form of a scraper bucket equipped with a stirrer for operation with the PGTsNG pump (submersible soil centrifugal pump with a hydraulic drive).

figure 4 - diagram of the process of cutting soil GZU (soil sampling device), made in the form of a scraper bucket, equipped with a vibrator, and obtain a movable hydraulic mixture before suction.

In Fig.1 shows a dredger 1 with a submersible pump 2 type PKN (pneumatic chamber pump), equipped with a GZU (soil intake device), made in the form of a scraper bucket 3. The bucket 3 is rigidly connected to the pump 2 using three suction nozzles 4. Using the outboard cable 5 pump 2 together with the bucket 3 is installed at the desired depth. When moving the dredger (it moves, as a rule, using papillon winches), the tension cable 6 transfers force to the bucket 3, as a result of which the bucket 3 together with the pump 2 moves together with the body (pontoon) 7 of the dredger 1 in the horizontal direction, cutting the soil 8 and its absorption.

Figure 2 shows the soil sampling device when using the pump PKN (pneumatic chamber pump). The soil intake device, made in the form of a scraper bucket 3, has two lateral parallel walls 9, two lateral conical walls 10, an upper inclined wall 11, a bottom 12, a rear wall 13, a horizontal knife 14, a stationary entrance mesh-knife 15, eyelets 16, suction nozzles 4, chambers of the pneumatic pump 17, sealed nozzle-retainer 18, vibrator 19, connection of the vibrator with the drive 20, the tension cable 6.

The device, depending on the performance of the soil pump, can have different widths and heights and, accordingly, can be made of sheet steel of various thicknesses.

With a large productivity of the soil pump, a large depth and width of the bucket, it is possible to place several vibrators 19 on the upper wall 11 of the bucket. In this case, to cover a larger area with vibration in front of the suction pipes 4, the vibrators 19 are located along the axes of the pipes. The installation locations of the vibrators 19 are determined so that their areas of action evenly overlap the approaches to each suction pipe 4.

As a vibrator, you can use either a normal deep vibrator of the type IV, VI (inertial vibrator, inductive vibrator) used when laying concrete in the formwork, or piezoceramic emitters of the INEF 1-44.2 type. Mechanical vibrators are well used at a development depth of up to 6 m, as they have a standard (limited) length of a flexible shaft connecting the vibration head to the drive. The maximum length is 7 meters. Piezoceramic emitters can be immersed to any depth, because with dredger 1 they are connected only by an electric cable of any length.

In the prototype, this bucket device is a replaceable working body with which PNEUMA equips its pneumatic pumps. In this case, the suction of the hydraulic mixture occurs in the chambers, which are connected to the bucket by three suction pipes located in the rear wall and the side conical wall. It should be noted that PNEUMA pneumatic pumps carry out suction according to the hydrostatic principle due to external water pressure, and their suction capacity depends on the following parameters: depth of immersion of the pump under water, density and viscosity of the suction mixture, pump performance, and diameter of the suction pipe. At the same time, depending on these parameters, the minimum development depth is limited to 4-12 m. when working at depths less than specified, it is necessary to use a vacuum device that increases the suction capacity. Thus, at depths of less than 4-12 m, due to the use of a vacuum system, the energy consumption for excavation of each meter of cubic soil increases sharply.

In order to reduce energy consumption at shallow depths, it is advisable to replace the PKN pump (pneumatic chamber pump) with a submersible, hydraulic driven centrifugal pump (PGTsNG). Dredging bucket, equipped to work at shallow depths with PGTsNG, shown in the attached drawing (figure 3). The difference between FIG. 3 and FIG. 2 consists only in the fact that instead of three suction nozzles 4 mounted in the walls of the bucket in the rear wall 13, there remains one suction nozzle 4 connected to the scroll of the pump 21 of the PGCNG. The hydraulic drive 22 of the PGTsNG pump allows you to adjust the pump wheel speed from 0 to 1800 rpm, which gives significant energy savings. With this arrangement of the cochlea of the PGTsNG pump 21, when the axis 23 of the pump 21 is horizontal, it is convenient to ensure sapropel fluidity due to a mixer (rotation agitator) 24 located in the bucket 3 in front of the suction pipe 4 on the shaft 25 along the axis 23 of the PGTsNG pump. Cut by the bucket 1 bottom soil (sapropel), passing along the mixer 24, is subjected to mechanical rotational action of the mixer 24, which has screw cuts, loses structural viscosity, becomes fluid and is absorbed by the soil pump through the suction pipe 4.

The device depicted in figure 2 and figure 4, operates as follows. Before the suction of the pulp (slurry) begins, the soil pump 2 sinks to the bottom together with the bucket 3 on a vertical cable or submersible dredger frame. The bucket 3 is rigidly connected to the pump by means of a suction pipe (s) 10. Using a tension cable 6 fixed to the eyes 16, the bucket together with the dredger 1 begins to make horizontal forward movement and due to the dead weight of the bucket 3 (and pump) using horizontal knife 14 to cut into the mud (sapropel) 8. With further horizontal advancement of the bucket 3 cut strip of sapropel, limited by knife 14, two side walls 9 and the upper wall 11, through the input grid-knife 15 begins to enter morning of the bucket 3. The pump 2 and the vibrator 19 are turned on, installed inside the bucket 3 and suspended on a flexible shaft 25 to the upper inclined wall 11 through a sealed pipe-clamp 18. Sapropel 8 as it enters the bucket 3 and moves to the suction pipe 4 on its own the path passes along the vibrator 19 and is exposed to vibration. As a result, at the rear wall 13 in front of the suction pipe 4, the sapropel 8 becomes fluid and flows in the form of a highly concentrated fluid slurry 26 through the suction pipe 4 into the soil pump 2.

In the case of using pump 21 PGCNG (Fig. 3), the developed silt rock (sapropel) as it moves inside the bucket 3 passes along the mixer 24, as a result of rotation of which the sucked rock (soil) loses its structural viscosity, becomes fluid and flows through the pulp through the suction pipe 4 into the cochlea of the pump 21, and from there the rotary pump wheel is fed into the pressure pipe 27 and is fed to the surface.

The input mesh-knife 15 is removable in order to be able to service and replace the vibration heads 19 inside the bucket 1.

Claims (12)

1. A device for cleaning ponds from silty sediments and sapropel production, including a suction pump equipped with a submersible soil pump having at least one suction pipe connected to the rear wall of the soil sampling device, made in the form of a scraper bucket and installed with the possibility of horizontal movement characterized in that the bucket is equipped with an input mesh-knife, and at least one vibrator is placed inside the bucket in the suction zone in front of the suction pipe. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a mechanical vibrator is used as the named vibrator. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a piezoceramic emitter is used as a vibrator. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of the vibrator, the side walls of the bucket are made in the shape of a cone. 5. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one of the pump nozzles is mounted in each of the side walls of the bucket, and a named vibrator is installed at the intersection of the axes of these suction nozzles and the rear wall nozzle at an equidistant distance from the walls. 6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the upper wall of the bucket has an angle of inclination to the horizon, determined by the thickness of the cut soil, while the distance between the inlet grid and the rear wall of the bucket is selected so as to prevent spontaneous absorption of free water . 7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the input grid mounted on the bucket is removable. 8. The device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the vibrator is installed with the possibility of vibration exposure to the pulp in the frequency range of 6 ÷ 20 kHz. 9. A device for cleaning ponds from silty sediments and sapropel production, including a suction pump equipped with a submersible soil pump connected by a suction pipe to the rear wall of the soil sampling device, made in the form of a scraper bucket, equipped with an input mesh and installed with the possibility of horizontal movement, characterized in that that inside the bucket in the suction zone in front of the suction pipe there is a mixer mounted on the axis of rotation of the pump, the upper wall of the bucket has an angle of inclination to the horizontal ont, determined by the thickness of the cut soil, while the distance between the input grid-knife and the rear wall of the bucket is selected so as to exclude spontaneous absorption of free water. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the said mixer is located in the suction zone, equidistant from the side walls of the bucket. 11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that a centrifugal pump with a hydraulic drive is used as a submersible soil pump. 12. The device according to any one of paragraphs.9 and 10, characterized in that in the area of the mixer, the side walls of the bucket are made in the shape of a cone.

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