RU222511U1 - VERTICAL SYMMETRICAL VIBRATOR WITH SHUNT, SPIRAL COAXIAL FEEDER AND SHORTEN BICONIC L-SHAPED ARMS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to radio communication antennas, namely symmetrical vibrator antennas of the MV-UHF ranges installed on mobile and stationary objects, such as ships and radio centers. The technical result consists in increasing the antenna gain values in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz with unchanged prototype antenna parameters obtained in the frequency range 100-512 MHz and is achieved due to the fact that based on a vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral feeder, in which the conductors of its arms, made in the form of the letter L and installed at an angle of 65° to the horizontal surface of the flanges, bent in the upper part by 1/3 of their length at an angle of 90° to the inner surface of the cone and turned with the L-shaped part to its vertical axis , form a shortened L-shape, while the power feeder is laid inside the conical cavity of the lower arm of the vibrator, and its spiral part is placed on insulating posts below the end of this arm, a two-element antenna system is formed, consisting of two non-directional coaxially located biconical vibrators with a common point power supplies, combined structurally, in which the functions of emitting electromagnetic waves in the frequency range 100-512 MHz and the functions of an active reflector in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz are performed by biconical shortened L-shaped arms, and the second vibrator-emitter in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz is an additional bicone formed by conductors of length , where λ _max is the maximum wavelength of the operating frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, which are a continuation of the conical parts of the L-shaped arms and located at an angle of 60° symmetrically relative to each other in a number equal to the number of conductors of the L-shaped shortened biconical vibrator, while the bent part L-shaped shoulders shortened to length . The proposed utility model will make it possible to create a broadband antenna for operation in the frequency ranges 100-512 MHz and 1500-2500 MHz and halve the number of antennas without degrading the quality of communication on ships and coastal radio centers.

Description

The utility model relates to radio communication antennas, namely symmetrical vibrator antennas of the VHF-UHF ranges, installed on ships and radio centers, and is designed to operate in the frequency range 100-512 MHz and 1500-2500 MHz. It is known (see M.V. Vershkov, O.B. Mirotvorsky “Ship Antennas,” Sudostroenie, 1990, p. 192) that to increase the radio communication range of ship radio stations it is necessary to increase the antenna gain in the direction of the horizon, t .e. generate the required (compressed) radiation pattern (DP) in the vertical plane with non-directional radiation in the horizontal plane (circular pattern). It should be taken into account that a very narrow pattern in the vertical plane is undesirable, since when the ship rolls, the level of transmitted and received signals will change sharply, which can lead to unstable radio communications and therefore it is not recommended to make the width of the pattern of ship VHF-UHF antennas in the vertical plane less 30°. Another important factor when increasing the number of simultaneously operating radio communication channels in the VHF-UHF wave bands, the question arises about the optimal placement of several antennas on a ship in a limited space. So, for example, if it is necessary to have on board five radars operating in the frequency ranges 100-512 MHz and 1500-2500 MHz, you will need 10 antennas (five for each subband) with a set of measures for their placement and electromagnetic compatibility requirements ( see M.V. Vershkov, O.B. Mirotvorsky “Ship antennas”, Shipbuilding Publishing House, 1990, p. 200 and p. 284). One of the solutions to these problems is the creation of a broadband antenna designed to operate in the frequency ranges 100-512 MHz and 1500-2500 MHz, which simultaneously implements the requirements for BAC in the feeder path and increasing the gain. In this case, the width of the pattern in the vertical plane should not be less than 30° with a maximum radiation along the horizon with non-directional radiation in the horizontal plane.

It is also known (see M.V. Vershkov, O.B. Mirotvorsky “Ship antennas”, ed. Shipbuilding, 1990, p. 80) that directed radiation, i.e. An increase in the gain in a given direction can be achieved by placing two symmetrical vibrators at a distance S and feeding them in such a way that the fields of these vibrators are added in one direction and subtracted in the other, i.e. in our case there should be two non-directional symmetrical vibrators with a common power point in a single design - one (the first vibrator) operating in the frequency range 100-2500 MHz, as the main emitter in the frequency range 100-512 MHz and as an active reflector in the frequency range 1500 -2500 MHz and an additional (second) vibrator - an emitter that operates effectively only in the frequency range of 1500-2500 MHz and is located at a distance from the first Where - distance from the ends of the second (additional) vibrator to the first vibrator - an active reflector operating in the range 100-2500 MHz, λ _max - maximum wavelength of the operating frequency range 1500-2500 MHz of the second (additional) vibrator. In this case, it is necessary to fulfill the requirement of complete suppression of the radiation of the second vibrator towards the first vibrator, and therefore the current in it must be equal in amplitude and ahead in phase by 90° of the current of the additional (second) vibrator-emitter.

The well-known vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral coaxial feeder (utility model patent No. 202880, application 2020124708 dated July 23, 2020, NPK HOQ 9/18 (2021.01), in which the conductors of its shoulders are made in the form of the letter G, most fully meets these requirements and installed at an angle of 65° to the horizontal surface of the flanges, bent in the upper part by 1/3 of their length at an angle of 90° to the inner surface of the cone and turned with the L-shaped part to its vertical axis, form a shortened biconical L-shaped shape, while the power feeder is laid inside the conical cavity of the lower arm of the vibrator, and its spiral part is placed on insulating posts below the end of this arm (Fig. 2a) (utility model patent No. 202880 NPK HOQ 9/18 (2021.01)).

The vibrator proposed in patent No. 202880 was adopted as a prototype. The prototype vertical symmetrical shunt vibrator is designed to operate only in the frequency range 100-512 MHz. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the unacceptable change in radiation patterns (RP) in the vertical plane in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, which, with appropriate Where - the length of the L-shaped biconical arm of the vibrator, X - the wavelength of this operating frequency range, become multi-lobed (Fig. 4a), which leads to a decrease in the gain in the horizon plane to values of 0.225-0.91 dB and, as a consequence, to the loss of radio communication .

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to increase the gain of the antenna in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, as well as to reduce the size of the L-shaped part of the biconical vibrator while maintaining the parameters of the prototype antenna in the frequency range 100-512 MHz.

The utility model is based on a technical solution for creating a vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral coaxial feeder, shortened biconical L-shaped arms, a power feeder laid inside the biconical cavity of the lower arm and its spiral part below the end of this vibrator arm (the first vibrator), in which, at the base of the shortened L-shaped biconical arm, to increase the gain, a second vibrator is additionally formed - a biconical emitter operating effectively in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz and representing, with L-shaped arms, a single antenna system with a directional pattern in the vertical plane, consisting of two non-directional coaxially located vibrators with a common power point (Fig. 2b), where the role of an active reflector is performed by L-shaped biconical arms 1 (first vibrator), and the second element - emitter (second vibrator) is the aperture of an additional bicone 14 formed by conductors 13 in length Where - the length of the conductors, and λ _max - the maximum wavelength of the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, connected to a common power point and being a continuation of the conical parts of 2 L-shaped arms and located at an angle of 60° symmetrically relative to each other in a number equal to the number of conductors G- shaped shortened biconical vibrator (Fig. 2c).

The resulting electromagnetic field of such an antenna system consisting of biconical vibrators unidirectional in the horizontal plane will be equal to the sum of the individual fields. This will make it possible to form the required pattern in the vertical plane while implementing in this system the required phase shift, caused by the difference in the path of the rays at a common feed point and the corresponding dimensions of the additional bicone (the second vibrator-emitter) and the biconical L-shaped arms (the first vibrator-active reflector).

This goal is achieved by creating in the prototype antenna (Figs. 2a and 2b) an additional second biconical vibrator (emitter) with a common feed point, which, together with the biconical L-shaped arms (reflector), will make it possible to increase the gain of the antenna in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz due to compression of the pattern in the vertical plane while maintaining omnidirectional patterns in the horizontal plane by implementing the wave phase advance of the L-shaped arms (reflector) in the direction in Fig. 1, ϕ=0° at 90° with respect to the additional emitter and a 90° phase lag of the additional emitter wave in the direction ϕ=180°. To do this, in a vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral coaxial feeder (utility model patent No. 202880 dated July 23, 2020), in which the conductors of its arms, made in the form of the letter L and installed at an angle of 65° to the horizontal surface of the flanges, are bent in the upper part by 1/3 of their length at an angle of 90° to the inner surface of the cone and turned by the L-shaped part to its vertical axis, form a shortened biconical L-shaped shape, while the power feeder is laid inside the conical cavity of the lower arm of the vibrator, and its the spiral part is placed on insulating racks below the end of this arm, to increase the antenna gain in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, while maintaining the previously obtained prototype parameters in the frequency range 100-512 MHz, a two-element antenna system with a directional pattern in the vertical is formed plane and an omnidirectional pattern in the horizontal plane, consisting of two coaxially located biconical vibrators with a common power point (active reflector and emitter), combined structurally, in which the function of an active reflector in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz is performed by biconical L-shaped arms, and the second The vibrator - emitter in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz is an additional bicone 14 formed by conductors 13 in length (where λ _max is the maximum wavelength of the operating frequency range 1500-2500 MHz), which are a continuation of the lower conical parts of the 2 L-shaped arms of the reflector (Fig. 2b and 2c).

In fig. 1 - electrical diagram of a two-element antenna, consisting of an active reflector 1, which is L-shaped arms and a radiator - an additional bicone 14.

In fig. 2 shows diagrams of the vibrators of the prototype antenna of FIG. 2a and the proposed antenna FIG. 2b, and in Fig. Figure 2c shows an enlarged fragment of an additional bicone and its main dimensions.

In fig. 2c the dotted line shows the aperture of an additional biconical vibrator 14 (emitter), designed to operate in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, formed by conductors 13 in length Where - the length of the conductors of the additional bicone, λ _max - the maximum wavelength of this frequency range, which are a continuation of the biconical parts 2 of the reflector 1 with a common power point. With this antenna construction, the conductors of the additional bicone do not affect the parameters of the prototype in the frequency range 100-512 MHz, with the exception of a slight increase in the electrical length of the arm of the L-shaped vibrator (reflector), which is compensated when constructing the proposed antenna by shortening the horizontal part of this arm by a length additional bicone.

In the proposed antenna system of FIG. 2b with a common power point consisting of two non-directional vibrators, an active reflector made of L-shaped conical arms 1 and an emitter - an additional bicone 14 FIG. 2c, fed by currents of the same value, but antiphase in direction, directional radiation is created provided that the distance S between the aperture of the bicone 14 (the ends of the conductors 13 of the biconical emitter) and the reflector 1 is equal to then the fields of both vibrators with equal current amplitudes in the direction φ=0° will add up and be completely suppressed towards the reflector only if the current of reflector 1 is 90° ahead in phase with the current of the additional biconical emitter 14. This happens because the advance the phase of the reflector wave 1 by 90° is compensated by its spatial delay relative to the wave of the additional biconical vibrator-emitter 14 by the same angle where m=2π/λ and equal to π/2 (90°). In the direction φ=180°, to the phase lag of the wave of the additional bicone 14 by 90°, a spatial delay of its wave relative to the wave of the reflector 1 by the same angle is added, as a result of which the resulting phase shift of the fields of the additional bicone (emitter) 14 and the reflector (G -shaped arms) 1 is 180°, and there is no radiation in this direction. If the proposed antenna consisted only of two thin linear vibrators fed in antiphase, then at some frequencies it would have unidirectional patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes (see M.V. Vershkov, O.B. Mirotvorsky “Ship antennas”, ed. Shipbuilding 1990 p. 83 Fig. 2.35).

In our case, the proposed antenna is built on the basis of a prototype antenna - a vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt, a coaxial spiral feeder, shortened L-shaped biconical arms with an additional coaxially aligned biconical emitter, which has a common feed point with the L-shaped vibrator (reflector) and designed for effective operation in the frequency ranges 100-512 MHz and 1500-2500 MHz, it is a single volumetric vibrator, in which the main role in the emission of electromagnetic waves in the frequency range 100-512 MHz is played by the L-shaped shortened biconical arms of a symmetrical vibrator, and in the range frequencies of 1500-2500 MHz, an additional bicone is effectively excited, the dimensions of which and the distance from the L-shaped arms at these frequencies become commensurate with the wavelength which provides the required phase shift of the fields of the emitter and reflector. In this case, the structural elements (conductors) of the additional bicone (emitter), being small in relation to the wavelength in the frequency range 100-512 MHz, do not have a significant effect on the parameters of the prototype antenna, with the exception of a slight increase in the electrical length of the L-shaped arms, which is compensated when building the antenna by shortening the horizontal parts of the L-shaped arm 1 (Fig. 2b). When high-frequency energy is supplied to the common power point of the antenna, conduction currents appear in the upper part of the conductors 13 of the additional bicone (emitter) 14, which excite an electromagnetic field (effective radiation of waves in space occurs), the power lines of which are closed to the symmetrically located lower conductors 13 of the additional bicone 14, exciting in it the same conduction currents with the same direction as in their upper part. Thus, the additional bicone is a volumetric vibrator, in which, at symmetrical points relative to the feed point of the L-shaped arms, the currents are equal in magnitude and have the same direction in space. In addition, conductors 13 of the additional bicone form a short-circuited line (bicone cup) between their ends and the cylindrical part 9 of the L-shaped arm (reflector) (Fig. 2c), which provides the required phase shift of the currents by 90° relative to the current of the reflector (L-shaped arms).

In Fig.3. - the antenna operates as if it is directed in a vertical plane. Obtaining the directional properties of the antenna in the vertical plane in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz is illustrated by presenting it in the form of a section of a biconical L-shaped arm with an additional bicone along the Z axis, see Section image (Fig. 3), which shows emitter 1 - active reflector (G -shaped arms), emitter 2 is a conventional element of aperture 14 of an additional bicone in the direction ϕ=0° and emitter 13 is the same conventional element of aperture 14 of the same bicone, but in the opposite direction ϕ=180°. Conditional emitters 2 and 13 are located symmetrically with respect to the reflector 1 and are spaced from it at a distance In the direction ϕ=0°, the fields of emitter 2 and reflector 1 add up, since the phase advance of reflector 1’s wave by 90° is compensated by the spatial delay of its wave relative to the wave of emitter 2 by the same angle where m=2π/λ _max . In the direction ϕ=180°, to the phase lag of the emitter 2 wave by 90°, a spatial delay of its wave relative to the wave of the reflector 1 by the same angle is added. As a result, the resulting shift of the fields of the emitter 2 and reflector 1 will be 180°, and there is no radiation in this direction and does not affect the radiation process of the emitter (13) in the direction ϕ=180°, while the radiation process of the emitter 13 and reflector 1 in the direction ϕ= 0° is the same as above. In this case, the fields are added in the direction ϕ=180° and subtracted in the direction ϕ=0°.

In fig. 4 and fig. Figure 5 shows the directivity diagrams in the vertical plane and the gain of the prototype model - a vertical symmetrical shortened biconical L-shaped vibrator with a shunt, as well as the radiation patterns and the gain of the proposed utility model - a vertical symmetrical L-shaped vibrator with a shunt and an additional bicone.

In fig. Figure 6 shows the SWR values in a power cable with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms - the prototype model and the proposed utility model. From the presented radiation patterns and gain it is clear that the radiation patterns of the utility model - a vertical symmetrical L-shaped vibrator with an additional bicone - have a single-lobe shape with a maximum radiation along the horizon in the frequency range of 1500-2500 MHz and, as a result, higher gain values are provided in this frequency range without deteriorating similar parameters and SWR in the frequency range 100-512 MHz of the prototype antenna.

From consideration of those presented in Fig. 4, 5, 6 parameters of the prototype and the proposed utility model with an additional bicone (14), formed in a vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral coaxial feeder with L-shaped shortened arms, a positive effect is obvious in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, which is confirmed comparison of the gain and SWR of the vibrator of the prototype model with the gain and SWR of the proposed technical solution.

The utility model is illustrated in Fig. 1 (electrical diagram), fig. 2b and fig. 2c (vibrator diagrams), which show a vertical symmetrical shortened biconical L-shaped vibrator 1 with a shunt 3 and a spiral coaxial power feeder 5 (main emitter in the frequency range 100-512 MHz), which acts as an active reflector in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz and an additional bicone 14 - an emitter in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, formed by conductors 13 connected to a common power point through an internal wire 7 and a ribbon transformer 8 and being a continuation of the conical parts 2 of the L-shaped bicone arms of the reflector.

In fig. 1 letters and numbers indicate:

D _max - maximum diameter of the vibrator (reflector),

- length of the vibrator (reflector),

- insulator length,

1 - L-shaped conical part of the reflector arm,

2 - hollow part of the conical arm of the reflector,

3 - shunt,

4 - printed circuit board,

5 - coaxial cable,

6 - outer conductor of coaxial cable,

7 - internal wire of the coaxial cable,

8 - tape transformer,

9 - metallized areas of the printed circuit board,

10 - flanges of the arms of a shortened vibrator (reflector),

11 - support insulator,

12 - dielectric racks,

13 - conductors of the additional bicone (emitter),

14 - additional bicone.

The proposed utility model (antenna) consists of shortened biconical L-shaped arms 1, acting as the main emitter in the frequency range 100-512 MHz and an active reflector in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, which are realized by giving the conductors forming them an L-shape , while these conductors are installed at an angle of 65° to the surfaces of the flanges and turned with an L-shaped part to the vertical axis of the conical arm. The conductors of the L-shaped arms in the upper part are bent by 1/3 of their length at an angle of 90° to the generatrix of the cone, while their horizontal parts are shortened by the length conductors 13, forming an additional bicone 14 with an opening angle of 60°, performing the function of an emitter in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz.

The flanges 10 mounted on the support insulator 11 are electrically connected to the hollow conical parts of the arms of the vibrator 2, to which the conductors 13 of the additional bicone (emitter) 14 and the printed circuit board 4 are mechanically and electrically connected. Electrical connection of the outer conductor 6 of the coaxial power cable 5 with the midpoint of the shunt 3 and the internal wire 7 of the power cable 5 with the tape conductor of the transformer 8 allows you to match the input impedance of the biconical shortened L-shaped vibrator (reflector) 1 and the additional bicone (emitter) 14 with the characteristic impedance of the spiral coaxial cable 5 (Fig. 6b) in a wide frequency band. .

An additional bicone (emitter) 14 is formed by conductors 13 having a length Where: - length of the additional bicone conductors, λ _max - maximum wavelength of the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, which are a continuation of the conical parts of the L-shaped arms from the power point and located symmetrically at an angle of 60° relative to each other in a number equal to the number of conductors of the L-shaped shortened vibrator , acting as a reflector.

This technical solution, which forms the basis of the utility model, makes it possible to implement the required phase shift of currents by in the frequency range of 1500-2500 MHz between the reflector and the emitter and obtain in a volumetric vibrator consisting of two coaxially located biconical vibrators in a single design with a common power point, an increase in the gain of the gain due to the formation of a single-lobe pattern in the vertical plane with a maximum radiation along the horizon at maintaining non-directional patterns in the horizontal plane.

The proposed utility model will make it possible to create a broadband antenna for operation in the frequency ranges 100-512 MHz and 1500-2500 MHz and halve the number of antennas without degrading the quality of communication on ships and coastal radio centers.

Claims (7)

1. Vertical symmetrical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral coaxial feeder, in which the conductors of its arms, made in the form of the letter L and installed at an angle of 65° to the horizontal surface of the flanges, are bent in the upper part by 1/3 of their length at an angle of 90° to the inner the surfaces of the cone and turned by the L-shaped part to its vertical axis form a shortened L-shape, while the power feeder is laid inside the conical cavity of the lower arm of the vibrator, and its spiral part is placed on insulating posts below the end of this arm, characterized in that for increasing the antenna gain in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz while maintaining the parameters of the prototype antenna in the frequency range 100-512 MHz, a two-element antenna system was formed, consisting of two coaxially located omnidirectional biconical vibrators with a common feed point in a single design, in which the functions of the main emitter in the frequency range 100-512 MHz and the active reflector in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz are performed by biconical shortened L-shaped arms, and the second vibrator-emitter in the frequency range 1500-2500 MHz is an additional bicone formed at the base of the L-shaped shaped biconical arms with conductors length , where λ _max is the maximum wavelength of the operating frequency range 1500-2500 MHz, which are a continuation of the conical parts of these arms and located at an angle of 60° symmetrically relative to each other in an amount equal to the number of conductors of the shortened L-shaped arm of the bicone. 2. A vertical vibrator with a shunt and a spiral coaxial feeder according to claim 1, characterized in that in the conductors of its arms, made in the form of the letter G, the bent upper part, constituting 1/3 of their length, is shortened by the length Where - length of conductors of additional bicone; λ _max - maximum wavelength of the operating frequency range 1500-2500 MHz.

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