RU2222449C2 - Disk brake pressure device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; car building. SUBSTANCE: proposed device contains caliper mechanism to transmit brake force from cylinder to shoes including brace 10 hinge connected with levers 12 and 13, fixed support 4 with brake cylinder 1 connected to support for turning and connected through hinge joint 5 and 6 to caliper mechanism, with pull-back spring 9, with shoe wear compensator 8 being installed on piston rod 7. Caliper mechanism includes brace 10 hinge coupling levers 12 and 13 in which adjuster 18 for equalizing clearances under shoes, with brakes released, in mounted being frictionally loaded by bolt 15 with spring 16 arranged in hole 11 of brake 10. shifting of adjuster relative to fixed support 4 is limited by stops 19 and 20 one of which is pressed by spring 21 to fixed support 4 and the other is installed for engagement with fixed support 4 at wear-out of brake shoes. Novelty is that friction plates are installed for movement directly on brace with longitudinal hole in which said bolt is fitted. At least one of friction plates is made in form of equal and constant clearance adjuster whose stops interact periodically with fixed support placed in between to adjuster. Invention improves operation reliability of device owing to elimination f cocking of its friction surfaces and provision of equal and constant clearances between disk and shoes when brake is released irrespective of wear of brake shoes. EFFECT: improved operation reliability. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to disc brakes of railway rolling stock.

 During the operation of the disc brake, it is necessary to have equal and constant clearances between the friction surfaces of the disc and the brake pads, preventing the disc block from touching in the absence of braking, as this leads to wear on the pads and disc.

 A known design of the disk brake, which provides a self-adjusting device that regulates the distance between the brake pads using ratchet elements.

 The main disadvantage of this design is that the adjustment is not smooth, but discrete with a value determined by the pitch of the screw spindle (GDR patent 74829, B 61 H 13/38, publ. 07/20/1970; Application for Sweden 448442, B 61 H 15 / 00, published on 02.23.1987).

 A device for disc brakes is also known (patent GDR 212930, B 61 N 15/00, published on 08.29.1984), in which the brake pads from the surface of the disc are allotted in parallel.

 The disadvantage of this device is that the size between the friction surfaces of the disk and the pads is not adjustable, and only the maximum wear of the pads is recorded.

 The prototype is a clamping device of disc brakes for rail rolling stock (patent application of Germany 4407293 C1, 61 H 13/38, published October 5, 1995), containing a tick-borne mechanism for transmitting brake force from the power cylinder to the brake pads, including a link, articulated connected to the levers, a fixed support with a protrusion, with a cylinder attached to it and connected through hinges to the tick-borne mechanism, in which an automatic device is provided for adjusting when the brake pads wear (specified in the text), return a spring, a leash (22) for aligning the gaps under the brake pads in the holiday mode, frictionally loaded with a bolt (25) with a spring (29) placed in the hole of the leash, the movement of which relative to the protrusion (24) is limited by stops (their role is played by the transverse walls of the hole (23), one of which is pressed against the fixed support (25) by means of a return spring, and the other is installed with the possibility of interaction with the fixed support (25) when the brake pads are worn, any rotation of the lever.

 The design of the known pressing device allows in the brake release mode to set only equal gaps between the disc and each of the brake pads.

 However, in conditions of high-speed movement, these gaps should be not only equal, but also constant, and an increase in them, due to wear of the pads and the surfaces of the disks interacting with them, will lead to an increase in the braking time.

 In addition, the skew of the leash (22) in the vertical plane will reveal the joint between the friction surfaces, i.e. between the lead (22) and the washers (26, 27), which will lead to a change in the frictional characteristics of the node.

 The objective of the proposal is to increase the operational reliability of the device by eliminating the distortion of its friction surfaces, as well as ensuring the fixing of equal and constant gaps between the disk and the pads in the brake release mode, regardless of the wear of the pads.

 For this, the clamping device for disc brakes contains a clamp lever mechanism for transmitting brake force from the cylinder to the pads, including a coupler pivotally connected to the levers, a fixed support, with a brake cylinder with a return spring attached via pivots to the clamp mechanism, on the rod of which a pad wear compensator is installed, two friction washers with holes in each, loaded with a spring bolt.

 What is new is that the friction washers are movably placed directly on the coupler with a longitudinal hole through which a bolt is passed that frictionally connects these washers with the coupler, at least one of the friction washers is made in the form of an equal and constant clearance regulator, the stops of which periodically interact with the stationary support located between them, to which, relative to the regulator, one of the stops is pressed by a spring.

 The technical result is expressed in the following.

 The mobile placement of friction washers directly on the coupler and placement in the longitudinal hole of the coupler-bolt, friction connecting these washers with the coupler, simplifies the design, reduces the overall dimensions of the entire brake unit.

 The implementation of at least one of the friction washers in the form of a regulator of equal and constant gaps, the stops of which periodically interact with a fixed support located between these stops, as well as the presence of a spring pressing one of the stops relative to the controller to the fixed support, increases the operational the reliability of the device by eliminating uneven wear of the pads, provides for fixing equal and constant gaps between the disk and pads in the brake release mode, regardless of the wear of the pads.

The accompanying drawings depict:
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a pressing device with a gap adjuster in the brake release mode;
figure 2 - the same in operating mode with worn pads ;.

figure 3 - the same in operating mode with worn pads;
FIG. 4-6 is a schematic diagram of a domestic-made disc brake in statics and dynamics with a rod output regulator located in the cylinder TsG-670A.

 In FIG. Figures 5 and 6 show the one-sided setting of the total clearance "2S" when the pads touch the disc and wear out when the brake is released due to the fact that there is no regulator of equal gaps.

 The clamping device for disc brakes contains a tick-borne mechanism for transmitting braking force from cylinder 1 to brake pads 2, mounted with a clearance "S" above the friction surfaces of the brake disc 3, a fixed support 4 with a pivot attached thereto and connected via hinges 5 and 6 to the tick-borne mechanism with a brake cylinder 1, on the rod 7 of which a compensator 8 for pad wear is installed, which allows continuously reducing when the brake is released the convergence of levers with pads as the pads wear, and a return spring of 9 t brake cylinder 1.

 The tick-borne mechanism includes a coupler 10 with a longitudinal hole 11, pivotally connected with levers 12 and 13, which are pivotally mounted pads 2.

 Friction washers 14 with a hole in each, loaded with a bolt 15 with a spring 16, are directly placed on the coupler 10. The bolt is passed through the longitudinal hole 11 of the coupler 10 and frictionally connects the washer 14 with the coupler 10 through the nut 17.

 At least one of the friction washers 14 is made in the form of a regulator 18 of equal and constant clearances "S", the stop 19 and 20 of which have a rear dimension "C" and the ability to periodically interact with the fixed support 4. The fixed support is located between the stops 19 and 20 regulator.

 The spring 20 is pressed against the fixed support 4 by the spring 21, relative to the regulator 18, the spring 20. The spring 21 fixes the screed 10, and with it the tick mechanism relative to the support 4 so that the specified size "C" (Fig. 1) divides between the support 4 and the stop 19 the size of "2S" (Fig.5, 6) in half (Fig.1).

 The friction force between the regulator 181 and the coupler 10, created by the spring 16, should be greater than the inertial horizontal accelerations of the tick-borne mechanism that occur when the cars move, and significantly less than the force that occurs when the brake cylinder is operating.

 The movement of the coupler 10 relative to the fixed support 4 is limited by the stops 19 and 20. The stop 19 is installed with the possibility of interaction with the support 4 when the brake pads are worn.

 The clamping device operates as follows.

 Air is supplied to the brake cylinder 1. The rod 7 moves the lever 12. The pads 2 are pressed against the disk 3. With the further extension of the rod, the lever 12 carries along the screed 10 and the lever 13 until the pads 2 are pressed against the disk 3.

 At the moment the pads 2 are pressed against the disk 3, with unworn pads, the spring 21 is compressed, between the fixed support 4 and the stop 19, the gap is selected. When the brake cylinder is released, the spring 21 depresses the stop 19 from the fixed support 4 by the amount of clearance "C", which corresponds to the movement of the shoe 2 relative to the disk 3 by the amount of "S".

 When the brake pads are worn, their thickness changes, which leads to an increase in the output of the rod and the displacement of the coupler 10 to the right until the clearance “C” is selected. After the entire gap "C" is selected, the fixed support 4 will come into contact with the stop 19, and the coupler 10, overcoming the friction force between the regulator, 18 and the washers 14, will move to the right relative to the bolt 15. The longitudinal hole 11 in the coupler 10 allows the compensator 8 automatically increase the stem output, compensate for the wear of both pads and thereby keep the "2S" size stable.

 When the brake is released, the cylinder rod 7 will move to the left, turning the lever 12 relative to the hinge 22 on the coupler 10, releasing the block 2 by the amount of the total clearance. At the same time, the spring 21 will divert the regulator 18 to the left from the fixed support 4, together with the friction coupler 10, the levers 12, 13, to their original position with size “C”, which, taking into account the lengths of the levers, will return the pads to the same size “S”.

 The clamping device sets constant and equal clearances regardless of the difference in wear between the left and right brake pads.

Claims (1)

A clamping device for disk brakes, comprising a tick-shaped lever mechanism for transmitting brake force from the cylinder to the pads, including a coupler pivotally connected to the levers, a fixed support with a brake cylinder with a return spring attached via pivots to the clamp mechanism, on the rod of which a compensator is installed pad wear, two friction washers with a hole in each, loaded with a spring bolt, characterized in that the friction washers are movably placed directly on the screed with with an open hole through which a bolt is passed that frictionally connects these washers with a coupler, at least one of the friction washers is made in the form of an equal and constant clearance regulator, the stops of which periodically interact with the fixed support located between them, to which the spring is pressed against the regulator , one of the stops.

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